Pub Date : 2012-03-26DOI: 10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233440
R. Ortega-Palacios, Arturo Vera, L. Leija
Microwave ablation computational model, on COMSOL Multiphysics 4.0a, was presented in this paper using two types of coaxial antenna, one-slot and two-slot antenna. Computational model was done using electric and thermal properties of healthy breast tissue and tumoral breast tissue. Maximum temperature reached with two-slot coaxial antenna on healthy breast tissue was 110 °C, and on tumoral breast tissue was 141 °C. One-slot coaxial antenna model got maximum temperature of 120 °C on healthy tissue and 137 °C on tumoral tissue. Better results were achieved for two-slot coaxial antenna.
{"title":"Microwave ablation coaxial antenna computational model slot antenna comparison","authors":"R. Ortega-Palacios, Arturo Vera, L. Leija","doi":"10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233440","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave ablation computational model, on COMSOL Multiphysics 4.0a, was presented in this paper using two types of coaxial antenna, one-slot and two-slot antenna. Computational model was done using electric and thermal properties of healthy breast tissue and tumoral breast tissue. Maximum temperature reached with two-slot coaxial antenna on healthy breast tissue was 110 °C, and on tumoral breast tissue was 141 °C. One-slot coaxial antenna model got maximum temperature of 120 °C on healthy tissue and 137 °C on tumoral tissue. Better results were achieved for two-slot coaxial antenna.","PeriodicalId":255935,"journal":{"name":"2012 Pan American Health Care Exchanges","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127229505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-26DOI: 10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233447
A. Altamirano, L. Leija, A. Vera, R. Muñoz, A. Valentino
Introduction. This work, explains the process carried out to make a design of mechanism of knee of polycentric type of 4 bars with mechanical actuator for modular prosthesis. The goal, emulate behavior and functioning of the knee for flexion and extension covering the basic needs of people with trans-femoral amputation of external prostheses modular with a low cost of production. Materials and methods. The development of polycentric knee mechanism was conducted in 2 phases. The first was in the design and construction of the mechanism of 4 bars; It was constructed of 6063 aluminum, bronze and stainless steel, corrosion resistant, of machining relatively simple and whose total mass is 690 g; We used software design SolidWorks® and COMSOL Multiphysics® for analysis of efforts, also machines and tools for machining such as conventional lathe and the milling machine. In the second phase re-engineering was applied to the mechanism of 4 bars and built a device with better ergonomics; added a mechanical actuator based on a spring; tested in three patients: one nursing home, one of 16 years, both female and a third with medical history of diabetes, hypertension and heart problems; the two previous phases are described in this document. Results and discussion. At the end of the development of this design we obtain a mechanism for external type polycentric knee, according to the phases of movement, speed, ergonomics, shapes, sizes and weights significant of Mexican patients. Tested for stress analysis using finite element and concluded that the device met with the feature to modify its center of rotation depending on the angle of flexion of the knee and can be considered a polycentric mechanism.
{"title":"Low cost knee bionic prosthesis based on polycentric mechanisms","authors":"A. Altamirano, L. Leija, A. Vera, R. Muñoz, A. Valentino","doi":"10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233447","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This work, explains the process carried out to make a design of mechanism of knee of polycentric type of 4 bars with mechanical actuator for modular prosthesis. The goal, emulate behavior and functioning of the knee for flexion and extension covering the basic needs of people with trans-femoral amputation of external prostheses modular with a low cost of production. Materials and methods. The development of polycentric knee mechanism was conducted in 2 phases. The first was in the design and construction of the mechanism of 4 bars; It was constructed of 6063 aluminum, bronze and stainless steel, corrosion resistant, of machining relatively simple and whose total mass is 690 g; We used software design SolidWorks® and COMSOL Multiphysics® for analysis of efforts, also machines and tools for machining such as conventional lathe and the milling machine. In the second phase re-engineering was applied to the mechanism of 4 bars and built a device with better ergonomics; added a mechanical actuator based on a spring; tested in three patients: one nursing home, one of 16 years, both female and a third with medical history of diabetes, hypertension and heart problems; the two previous phases are described in this document. Results and discussion. At the end of the development of this design we obtain a mechanism for external type polycentric knee, according to the phases of movement, speed, ergonomics, shapes, sizes and weights significant of Mexican patients. Tested for stress analysis using finite element and concluded that the device met with the feature to modify its center of rotation depending on the angle of flexion of the knee and can be considered a polycentric mechanism.","PeriodicalId":255935,"journal":{"name":"2012 Pan American Health Care Exchanges","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127647215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-26DOI: 10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233455
M. Reyna-Carranza, M. Bravo-Zanoguera, H. Arriola, R. López
Ventricular late potentials are electrocardiographic components that are attenuated, fragmented and delayed when the ventricular depolarization wave reaches any tissue damaged by a heart attack. These potentials are often studied for use as markers of sudden cardiac death risk. The method most used to predict this risk is the classical time domain. However, this method has a great sensitivity to noise, thereby producing low values in prognosis. We found that using the cross terms of the Wigner distribution, the identification of late potentials becomes less vulnerable to the noise present in the electrocardiogram.
{"title":"Study of the noise-ventricular late potentials sensibility on the wigner distribution time-frequency plane","authors":"M. Reyna-Carranza, M. Bravo-Zanoguera, H. Arriola, R. López","doi":"10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233455","url":null,"abstract":"Ventricular late potentials are electrocardiographic components that are attenuated, fragmented and delayed when the ventricular depolarization wave reaches any tissue damaged by a heart attack. These potentials are often studied for use as markers of sudden cardiac death risk. The method most used to predict this risk is the classical time domain. However, this method has a great sensitivity to noise, thereby producing low values in prognosis. We found that using the cross terms of the Wigner distribution, the identification of late potentials becomes less vulnerable to the noise present in the electrocardiogram.","PeriodicalId":255935,"journal":{"name":"2012 Pan American Health Care Exchanges","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114521083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-26DOI: 10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233457
R. P. Figuerola, L. M. Santos, E. Suaste
This research aims at analyzing and documenting ways in which a set (four) of cardiologists specialized in electrophysiology get involved in a series of activities that lead them to transform an electronic instrument in a problem-solving tool. We argue that during the appropriation process of the tool, cardiologists develop cognitive schemas as a result of interacting within a community of practice formed by experts, technicians, nurses, and biomedical engineers that allow them to transform an instrument in a problem solving tool.
{"title":"Appropriation of biomedical instruments within the electrophysiologistcardiologist framework","authors":"R. P. Figuerola, L. M. Santos, E. Suaste","doi":"10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233457","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims at analyzing and documenting ways in which a set (four) of cardiologists specialized in electrophysiology get involved in a series of activities that lead them to transform an electronic instrument in a problem-solving tool. We argue that during the appropriation process of the tool, cardiologists develop cognitive schemas as a result of interacting within a community of practice formed by experts, technicians, nurses, and biomedical engineers that allow them to transform an instrument in a problem solving tool.","PeriodicalId":255935,"journal":{"name":"2012 Pan American Health Care Exchanges","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128454485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-26DOI: 10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233451
G. Ramirez-Castillo, A. Vera, L. Leija
Breast cancer is a mortal disease in the world [1]. The research on this matter is necessary for finding methods to help counteract this disease. Microwaves are used to treat cancer (hyperthermia), to create medical images for diagnose cancer, etc. To treatment to induced superficial hyperthermia are used monopole antennas, microstrip antennas, etc. Monopole antennas are used to create medical images. We work to develop two microstrip antennas. One of them is to get medical image and the other to induced superficial hyperthermia. The first step is the simulation of the antennas with COMSOL 4.0, to know their performance. The purpose is to locate the tumor and then expose it to superficial hyperthermia to diminish the tumor.
{"title":"Dual-mode antenna design microwave imaging and microwave heating: Experimental simulation of detection and treatment of tumor with hyperthermia","authors":"G. Ramirez-Castillo, A. Vera, L. Leija","doi":"10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233451","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is a mortal disease in the world [1]. The research on this matter is necessary for finding methods to help counteract this disease. Microwaves are used to treat cancer (hyperthermia), to create medical images for diagnose cancer, etc. To treatment to induced superficial hyperthermia are used monopole antennas, microstrip antennas, etc. Monopole antennas are used to create medical images. We work to develop two microstrip antennas. One of them is to get medical image and the other to induced superficial hyperthermia. The first step is the simulation of the antennas with COMSOL 4.0, to know their performance. The purpose is to locate the tumor and then expose it to superficial hyperthermia to diminish the tumor.","PeriodicalId":255935,"journal":{"name":"2012 Pan American Health Care Exchanges","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131348910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-26DOI: 10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233449
G. A. Zamora-Perez, C. O. González-Morán, E. Suaste-Gómez
Pellets of poly(vinylideneflouride) (PVDF) were mixed in N, N- Dimethylformamide (DMF). After this, applying the electrospun procedure we obtained ultrafine fibers (mats) for biological versatile applications. For example here we show an humidity sensor. PVDF films have shown excellent results applied as a soil moisture sensor, this results makes possible to apply PVDF films as control sensors for biological applications for bioreactors, assisted ventilation machines or even industrial applications.
{"title":"Humidity Sensor for biological applications via electrospinning","authors":"G. A. Zamora-Perez, C. O. González-Morán, E. Suaste-Gómez","doi":"10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233449","url":null,"abstract":"Pellets of poly(vinylideneflouride) (PVDF) were mixed in N, N- Dimethylformamide (DMF). After this, applying the electrospun procedure we obtained ultrafine fibers (mats) for biological versatile applications. For example here we show an humidity sensor. PVDF films have shown excellent results applied as a soil moisture sensor, this results makes possible to apply PVDF films as control sensors for biological applications for bioreactors, assisted ventilation machines or even industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":255935,"journal":{"name":"2012 Pan American Health Care Exchanges","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121315940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-26DOI: 10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233423
C. Muller-Karger, N. Santoni, M. Matos, L. Zambrano
This paper presents a physiological model of a L4-L5 Functional Vertebral Unit (FVU) based on dimensions extracted from the literature, which is used as a platform for simulation of Nucleus pulposus prostheses prototypes. CAD computational tools and finite element simulations were used for stress analysis considering the anisotropy of the outer annulus fibrosus, and the incompressibility of the inner nucleus pulposus. The mechanical behavior of the FVU is compared to a similar model without nucleus under compressive loads. Numerical results show higher displacements and stress values in the annulus fibrosus that show the importance of the nucleus. The model was modified in order to include tentative design of prosthetic prototypes of the Nucleus pulposus using three different shapes: circular, oval and adjusted to the outer annulus fibrosus geometry, all based on the concept of a Silicone gel-filled prostheses. Finally, the results show that the adjusted design has a better performance at restraining deflections.
{"title":"Numerical model of vertebral unit for the nucleus pulposus prosthesis analysis","authors":"C. Muller-Karger, N. Santoni, M. Matos, L. Zambrano","doi":"10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233423","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a physiological model of a L4-L5 Functional Vertebral Unit (FVU) based on dimensions extracted from the literature, which is used as a platform for simulation of Nucleus pulposus prostheses prototypes. CAD computational tools and finite element simulations were used for stress analysis considering the anisotropy of the outer annulus fibrosus, and the incompressibility of the inner nucleus pulposus. The mechanical behavior of the FVU is compared to a similar model without nucleus under compressive loads. Numerical results show higher displacements and stress values in the annulus fibrosus that show the importance of the nucleus. The model was modified in order to include tentative design of prosthetic prototypes of the Nucleus pulposus using three different shapes: circular, oval and adjusted to the outer annulus fibrosus geometry, all based on the concept of a Silicone gel-filled prostheses. Finally, the results show that the adjusted design has a better performance at restraining deflections.","PeriodicalId":255935,"journal":{"name":"2012 Pan American Health Care Exchanges","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116580989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-26DOI: 10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233453
I. Bazán, C. Negreira, A. Ramos, H. Calás, T. Gómez, A. Ramírez, J. M. De La Rosa, F. Gallegos
Parametric algorithms previously developed by authors for spectral evaluation of biological multi-echo waveforms are adapted and improved here in order to achieve a more elevated frequency resolution. These results permit to undertake viability studies around the possible application of a new auto-regressive spectral technique to estimate physical properties like wall thickness changes in blood vessels, with accuracy enough. These difficult and sophisticated measurements in vessels have an increasing interest as tools to estimate basic parameters for calculating elastic properties in the vessel walls. Laboratory thickness data obtained for a latex phantom (mimicking vessel properties) are shown, giving a promising expectative for this improved estimation technique in blood vessels characterization, a diagnostic tool nowadays of growing attention by the researches. In fact, the results suggest clear improvement in spatial resolution, over the classic cross-correlation and non-parametric techniques, to estimate delays between pulsed signals. But, still further efforts and rigorous analyses of ultrasonic echo-signals acquired from well-controlled sanguineous tissues phantoms are needed in order to optimize the potential resolution of this new thickness measurement procedure and also to evaluate its possible clinic limitations.
{"title":"Possible application of spectral analysis techniques on ultrasonic echo-traces improved for studying changes in blood vessel walls","authors":"I. Bazán, C. Negreira, A. Ramos, H. Calás, T. Gómez, A. Ramírez, J. M. De La Rosa, F. Gallegos","doi":"10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233453","url":null,"abstract":"Parametric algorithms previously developed by authors for spectral evaluation of biological multi-echo waveforms are adapted and improved here in order to achieve a more elevated frequency resolution. These results permit to undertake viability studies around the possible application of a new auto-regressive spectral technique to estimate physical properties like wall thickness changes in blood vessels, with accuracy enough. These difficult and sophisticated measurements in vessels have an increasing interest as tools to estimate basic parameters for calculating elastic properties in the vessel walls. Laboratory thickness data obtained for a latex phantom (mimicking vessel properties) are shown, giving a promising expectative for this improved estimation technique in blood vessels characterization, a diagnostic tool nowadays of growing attention by the researches. In fact, the results suggest clear improvement in spatial resolution, over the classic cross-correlation and non-parametric techniques, to estimate delays between pulsed signals. But, still further efforts and rigorous analyses of ultrasonic echo-signals acquired from well-controlled sanguineous tissues phantoms are needed in order to optimize the potential resolution of this new thickness measurement procedure and also to evaluate its possible clinic limitations.","PeriodicalId":255935,"journal":{"name":"2012 Pan American Health Care Exchanges","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129239682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-26DOI: 10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233438
F. Elpidio, L. Brasil, J. Lamas, C. Miosso, L. A. Lemos
Calcifications (calcium build-ups) in breast regions are frequently found in breast screening examinations. It is estimated that 90% of nonpalpable intraductal breast cancers are detectable morphologically by the presence of calcifications. This work performs a morphological analysis of regions of interest related to breast calcifications by extraction of a set of features that help the health care provider in the automatic classification of these calcifications. The results are being validated in a controlled test that simulates calcifications in order to consider morphological information that characterizes the geometrical characteristics. This allows one to assign an object signature and hence to approximate the test conditions to real calcifications.
{"title":"Morphological analysis for feature extraction and classification of breast calcifications","authors":"F. Elpidio, L. Brasil, J. Lamas, C. Miosso, L. A. Lemos","doi":"10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233438","url":null,"abstract":"Calcifications (calcium build-ups) in breast regions are frequently found in breast screening examinations. It is estimated that 90% of nonpalpable intraductal breast cancers are detectable morphologically by the presence of calcifications. This work performs a morphological analysis of regions of interest related to breast calcifications by extraction of a set of features that help the health care provider in the automatic classification of these calcifications. The results are being validated in a controlled test that simulates calcifications in order to consider morphological information that characterizes the geometrical characteristics. This allows one to assign an object signature and hence to approximate the test conditions to real calcifications.","PeriodicalId":255935,"journal":{"name":"2012 Pan American Health Care Exchanges","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127901356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-26DOI: 10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233439
K. Neles, W. Malvezzi, G. Bressan
This paper describes the authors' observations about the uncertainties which are associated with monitoring based on sensors. It presents the results of an experiment which is part of an ongoing research about dealing with uncertain contextual information in the human health monitoring system based on sensors. The experiment employs evidence theory on reasoning over context. Recommendations to improve the systems to monitor the human health within a framework that addresses uncertainty are also provided.
{"title":"Dealing with uncertainties in the monitoring of patients through sensors networks","authors":"K. Neles, W. Malvezzi, G. Bressan","doi":"10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAHCE.2012.6233439","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the authors' observations about the uncertainties which are associated with monitoring based on sensors. It presents the results of an experiment which is part of an ongoing research about dealing with uncertain contextual information in the human health monitoring system based on sensors. The experiment employs evidence theory on reasoning over context. Recommendations to improve the systems to monitor the human health within a framework that addresses uncertainty are also provided.","PeriodicalId":255935,"journal":{"name":"2012 Pan American Health Care Exchanges","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123897950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：