Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1515/9781501758829-008
{"title":"6. Regimes and the Regional Order","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9781501758829-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501758829-008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":256441,"journal":{"name":"A Region of Regimes","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117158867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1515/9781501758829-006
{"title":"4. Developmental Regimes Reconstructed","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9781501758829-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501758829-006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":256441,"journal":{"name":"A Region of Regimes","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132509937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501758799.003.0003
T. J. Pempel
This chapter analyzes the similarities between Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand and demonstrates how their combination of regime plus paradigm distinguished them from the three developmental regimes. It shows how all three countries diversified, industrialized, and became more externally oriented. Manufacturing locations, the range of goods produced, and the diversity and volume of exported products all soared. Regimes in all three countries were the result of a fundamentally different mixture of state institutions, socioeconomics, and international forces that in turn generated a quite different economic paradigm. Moreover, their contributions to any Asian economic miracle came as supportive acolytes rather than as prime movers. As such, despite unquestioned epochal successes by all three, the chapter labels them as “ersatz developmental regimes.”
{"title":"Ersatz Developmental Regimes","authors":"T. J. Pempel","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501758799.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501758799.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyzes the similarities between Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand and demonstrates how their combination of regime plus paradigm distinguished them from the three developmental regimes. It shows how all three countries diversified, industrialized, and became more externally oriented. Manufacturing locations, the range of goods produced, and the diversity and volume of exported products all soared. Regimes in all three countries were the result of a fundamentally different mixture of state institutions, socioeconomics, and international forces that in turn generated a quite different economic paradigm. Moreover, their contributions to any Asian economic miracle came as supportive acolytes rather than as prime movers. As such, despite unquestioned epochal successes by all three, the chapter labels them as “ersatz developmental regimes.”","PeriodicalId":256441,"journal":{"name":"A Region of Regimes","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133589299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501758799.003.0002
T. J. Pempel
This chapter argues that certain economic achievements arose in tandem with a specific type of regime in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, and a particular economic paradigm. The three national experiences, though not identical, were sufficiently analogous in a number of fundamentals that they can be treated as a group. They provide empirical manifestations of “developmental regimes.” All three had strong and cohesive state institutions; each had concentrated and dominant progrowth socioeconomic coalitions; all received extensive security and economic support from the United States and enjoyed the benefits of global financial and trade institutions. Each regime bonded around the so-called “protection pacts.” Driven by a shared sense of existential threat, foreign and domestic elites joined together to advance an economic policy paradigm that the chapter considers “embedded mercantilism.” Core components included industrial policy, undervalued currencies, export expansion, and rapid industrialization, all advancing behind institutional bulwarks against the perceived threats.
{"title":"Developmental Regimes","authors":"T. J. Pempel","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501758799.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501758799.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter argues that certain economic achievements arose in tandem with a specific type of regime in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, and a particular economic paradigm. The three national experiences, though not identical, were sufficiently analogous in a number of fundamentals that they can be treated as a group. They provide empirical manifestations of “developmental regimes.” All three had strong and cohesive state institutions; each had concentrated and dominant progrowth socioeconomic coalitions; all received extensive security and economic support from the United States and enjoyed the benefits of global financial and trade institutions. Each regime bonded around the so-called “protection pacts.” Driven by a shared sense of existential threat, foreign and domestic elites joined together to advance an economic policy paradigm that the chapter considers “embedded mercantilism.” Core components included industrial policy, undervalued currencies, export expansion, and rapid industrialization, all advancing behind institutional bulwarks against the perceived threats.","PeriodicalId":256441,"journal":{"name":"A Region of Regimes","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125365661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501758799.003.0004
T. J. Pempel
This chapter analyzes a third distinct assemblage, namely East Asia's rapacious regimes, most conspicuously the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), Myanmar, and the Philippines under Ferdinand Marcos. These three stand as antitransformational contrasts that pose the question of why, despite enjoying among the best “objective” conditions for economic success in the 1950s and 1960s, these three languished for decades while neighboring countries raced ahead. Strong as the rip tide of the Asian economic miracle was, it stirred little more than limp ripples in several of the region's backwaters. Rather than floating along with the regional tide, regimes in these countries swam against the current, rejecting economic transformation while exploiting their populations rather than improving their lot. Understanding the regional mix behind such rejection reflects valuable light back on the regime arrangements supporting regional successes.
{"title":"Rapacious Regimes","authors":"T. J. Pempel","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501758799.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501758799.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyzes a third distinct assemblage, namely East Asia's rapacious regimes, most conspicuously the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), Myanmar, and the Philippines under Ferdinand Marcos. These three stand as antitransformational contrasts that pose the question of why, despite enjoying among the best “objective” conditions for economic success in the 1950s and 1960s, these three languished for decades while neighboring countries raced ahead. Strong as the rip tide of the Asian economic miracle was, it stirred little more than limp ripples in several of the region's backwaters. Rather than floating along with the regional tide, regimes in these countries swam against the current, rejecting economic transformation while exploiting their populations rather than improving their lot. Understanding the regional mix behind such rejection reflects valuable light back on the regime arrangements supporting regional successes.","PeriodicalId":256441,"journal":{"name":"A Region of Regimes","volume":"48 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131308801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501758799.003.0006
T. J. Pempel
This chapter shows that the Chinese regime and its economic policy paradigm represent still another national chapter in the Asia-Pacific growth story. In the late 1970s, China broke free from the constrictive cage of Marxist–Leninist–Maoism, catalyzing four decades of rapid economic transformation. After abandoning the Maoist developmental model, the Chinese regime and its policy paradigm reflected a mix of traits found in each of the three regime types. For much of the period from the late 1970s until about 2008, the regime mirrored many of the structural features integral to the rapid growth and transformation in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. The most notable of these are strong and cohesive state institutions, the marginalization of opposition forces, targeted capital allocations, and heavy investment in the improvement of human capital.
{"title":"China","authors":"T. J. Pempel","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501758799.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501758799.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter shows that the Chinese regime and its economic policy paradigm represent still another national chapter in the Asia-Pacific growth story. In the late 1970s, China broke free from the constrictive cage of Marxist–Leninist–Maoism, catalyzing four decades of rapid economic transformation. After abandoning the Maoist developmental model, the Chinese regime and its policy paradigm reflected a mix of traits found in each of the three regime types. For much of the period from the late 1970s until about 2008, the regime mirrored many of the structural features integral to the rapid growth and transformation in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. The most notable of these are strong and cohesive state institutions, the marginalization of opposition forces, targeted capital allocations, and heavy investment in the improvement of human capital.","PeriodicalId":256441,"journal":{"name":"A Region of Regimes","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116025553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501758799.003.0007
T. J. Pempel
This concluding chapter assesses the interplay between the multiple regime clusters discussed thus far and the broader Asia-Pacific region over time. It examines how regime combinations shaped the regional order, but also how prevailing regional trends reverberate to influence different regimes. Altered global conditions favored the emergence of particular types of regimes while precluding others. Yet the chapter also analyzes how different mixes of regimes reshaped the Asia-Pacific regional order in defining ways. It argues that the regional order has gone through three discrete phases. The first was predominantly shaped and reinforced by American hegemony and Cold War bipolarity. Next, a second regional order saw the advance of regional economic synergies as the Asia-Pacific shifted from hostile bipolarity into an order characterized by peace and prosperity. Finally, a third regional order has been taking shape roughly since the global financial crisis (2008–2009).
{"title":"Regimes and the Regional Order","authors":"T. J. Pempel","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501758799.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501758799.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This concluding chapter assesses the interplay between the multiple regime clusters discussed thus far and the broader Asia-Pacific region over time. It examines how regime combinations shaped the regional order, but also how prevailing regional trends reverberate to influence different regimes. Altered global conditions favored the emergence of particular types of regimes while precluding others. Yet the chapter also analyzes how different mixes of regimes reshaped the Asia-Pacific regional order in defining ways. It argues that the regional order has gone through three discrete phases. The first was predominantly shaped and reinforced by American hegemony and Cold War bipolarity. Next, a second regional order saw the advance of regional economic synergies as the Asia-Pacific shifted from hostile bipolarity into an order characterized by peace and prosperity. Finally, a third regional order has been taking shape roughly since the global financial crisis (2008–2009).","PeriodicalId":256441,"journal":{"name":"A Region of Regimes","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125979893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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