This chapter describes the Royal Society of Arts' founders by 1754, which had largely been aristocrats, clergymen, and natural philosophers, with the middle classes overwhelmingly represented by well-off merchants and artisans. It analyzes the scientific advances over the century that spawned new industries as scientists and inventors discovered new fuels, alloys, and chemical compounds. It also covers the emergence of a class of more specialized professionals, such as chemists that implemented or advised on the latest scientific advances. The chapter talks about professional inventors that changed Britain by concentrating their efforts on making improvements without having to then make money from the products of their new machines and techniques. It cites “Inventor seeks capitalist” as the common advertisement in the pages of nineteenth-century newspapers by inventors looking for someone to fund their patent.
{"title":"Jack of All Trades","authors":"A. Howes","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvs32sb8.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvs32sb8.8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the Royal Society of Arts' founders by 1754, which had largely been aristocrats, clergymen, and natural philosophers, with the middle classes overwhelmingly represented by well-off merchants and artisans. It analyzes the scientific advances over the century that spawned new industries as scientists and inventors discovered new fuels, alloys, and chemical compounds. It also covers the emergence of a class of more specialized professionals, such as chemists that implemented or advised on the latest scientific advances. The chapter talks about professional inventors that changed Britain by concentrating their efforts on making improvements without having to then make money from the products of their new machines and techniques. It cites “Inventor seeks capitalist” as the common advertisement in the pages of nineteenth-century newspapers by inventors looking for someone to fund their patent.","PeriodicalId":258572,"journal":{"name":"Arts and Minds","volume":"113 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141205476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter introduces Henry Cole, who was heavily influenced by the ideas of the philosopher Jeremy Bentham and became the conduit for utilitarianism into the Royal Society of Arts. It analyzes Bentham's proposed alternative that based everything on a fundamental guiding principle of achieving the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. It also mentions utilitarian reformers inspired by Bentham that introduced improvements for the benefit of “the masses” or the “people.” The chapter talks about Rowland Hill, a utilitarian reformer who tried to create a national prepaid postage system. It examines Hill's scheme to replace the messy postal system that favoured only the rich and powerful by promoting a flat rate so that any letter weighing under an ounce might be sent to anywhere in the country for just a penny.
{"title":"The Greatest Beauty for the Greatest Number","authors":"A. Howes","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvs32sb8.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvs32sb8.9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces Henry Cole, who was heavily influenced by the ideas of the philosopher Jeremy Bentham and became the conduit for utilitarianism into the Royal Society of Arts. It analyzes Bentham's proposed alternative that based everything on a fundamental guiding principle of achieving the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. It also mentions utilitarian reformers inspired by Bentham that introduced improvements for the benefit of “the masses” or the “people.” The chapter talks about Rowland Hill, a utilitarian reformer who tried to create a national prepaid postage system. It examines Hill's scheme to replace the messy postal system that favoured only the rich and powerful by promoting a flat rate so that any letter weighing under an ounce might be sent to anywhere in the country for just a penny.","PeriodicalId":258572,"journal":{"name":"Arts and Minds","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127941380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"INDEX","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvs32sb8.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvs32sb8.22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":258572,"journal":{"name":"Arts and Minds","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124115936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter begins with the opening of the Great Exhibition on 1 May 1851, which attracted six million visitors, a tenth of the entire population of Great Britain. It recounts how Henry Cole managed to make himself indispensable to the Great Exhibition's organisation, in which he accumulated responsibilities that allowed him to gradually reassert control. It also mentions utilitarian reformers who came to exercise an extraordinary influence over the Royal Society of Arts and promoted the development of enlarged generalisations and comprehensive measures. The chapter discusses how Cole and his allies reformed the entire system on protecting intellectual property in order to look after the creations of inventors and manufacturers. It points out that the campaign for patent reform was one of the Society's most successful lobbying efforts ever.
{"title":"7. A System to Force down the General Throat","authors":"A. Howes","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvs32sb8.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvs32sb8.11","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter begins with the opening of the Great Exhibition on 1 May 1851, which attracted six million visitors, a tenth of the entire population of Great Britain. It recounts how Henry Cole managed to make himself indispensable to the Great Exhibition's organisation, in which he accumulated responsibilities that allowed him to gradually reassert control. It also mentions utilitarian reformers who came to exercise an extraordinary influence over the Royal Society of Arts and promoted the development of enlarged generalisations and comprehensive measures. The chapter discusses how Cole and his allies reformed the entire system on protecting intellectual property in order to look after the creations of inventors and manufacturers. It points out that the campaign for patent reform was one of the Society's most successful lobbying efforts ever.","PeriodicalId":258572,"journal":{"name":"Arts and Minds","volume":"46 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133616251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ILLUSTRATIONS","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvs32sb8.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvs32sb8.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":258572,"journal":{"name":"Arts and Minds","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127860248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"For the Masses, by the Masses","authors":"E. S. Juan","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvs32sb8.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvs32sb8.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":258572,"journal":{"name":"Arts and Minds","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129832952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9781400888597-016
E. Rosen
{"title":"A NOTE ON THE TYPE","authors":"E. Rosen","doi":"10.1515/9781400888597-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400888597-016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":258572,"journal":{"name":"Arts and Minds","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128513399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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