An arithmetic error code is presented whose properties are derived from a union of redundancy and the signed binary number representation (SBNR) system. The main advantage of the SBNR error code is the limited distance an error propagates from a faulty gate. The SBNR error code requires duplication of an entire full adder, with an optional portion being triplicated. The decision hardware contains the circuitry needed to select the correct answer. It based its decision on evaluation of the communication digits in conjunction with the two possible answers. One disadvantage of the SBNR code is in the method of detection. If an identical error exists in both of the original derivations, an incorrect result will be given for that particular digit. The outstanding feature of this error code is the possible number of errors that can be corrected.<>
{"title":"Unique techniques for a reliable SBNR architecture","authors":"B. Arnold","doi":"10.1109/AERO.1988.38665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.1988.38665","url":null,"abstract":"An arithmetic error code is presented whose properties are derived from a union of redundancy and the signed binary number representation (SBNR) system. The main advantage of the SBNR error code is the limited distance an error propagates from a faulty gate. The SBNR error code requires duplication of an entire full adder, with an optional portion being triplicated. The decision hardware contains the circuitry needed to select the correct answer. It based its decision on evaluation of the communication digits in conjunction with the two possible answers. One disadvantage of the SBNR code is in the method of detection. If an identical error exists in both of the original derivations, an incorrect result will be given for that particular digit. The outstanding feature of this error code is the possible number of errors that can be corrected.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":260452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Digest on Aerospace Applications Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126141255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author describes the electrostatic hazards present during manufacturing, transportation, and installation of a missile on a launcher. He also describes procedures that should be followed to protect the missile and personnel during these operations. Electrostatic hazards are known to exist at manufacturing facilities during the assembly and test of electrostatic parts as well as during shipment and subsequent receipt and handling at contractor facilities. The life of a missile can be reduced to about four years or less due to latent failure caused by electrostatic discharges (ESDs). It is concluded that ESD-sensitive parts, assemblies, equipment, and vehicles need to be adequately protected from damage due to ESD. Parts, assemblies and equipment must remain in ESD-protective packages when they are not within the protective area of a workstation. These parts should be handled only by ESD-trained personnel at the workstation. An ESD control procedure should be prepared and implemented in a manufacturing facility.<>
{"title":"An ESD control for a manufacturing facility","authors":"A. Rashid","doi":"10.1109/AERO.1988.38674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.1988.38674","url":null,"abstract":"The author describes the electrostatic hazards present during manufacturing, transportation, and installation of a missile on a launcher. He also describes procedures that should be followed to protect the missile and personnel during these operations. Electrostatic hazards are known to exist at manufacturing facilities during the assembly and test of electrostatic parts as well as during shipment and subsequent receipt and handling at contractor facilities. The life of a missile can be reduced to about four years or less due to latent failure caused by electrostatic discharges (ESDs). It is concluded that ESD-sensitive parts, assemblies, equipment, and vehicles need to be adequately protected from damage due to ESD. Parts, assemblies and equipment must remain in ESD-protective packages when they are not within the protective area of a workstation. These parts should be handled only by ESD-trained personnel at the workstation. An ESD control procedure should be prepared and implemented in a manufacturing facility.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":260452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Digest on Aerospace Applications Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127398850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors describe a high-performance, state-of-the-art antenna pattern measurement instrumentation system. The system utilizes advanced concepts to achieve high-accuracy, large-dynamic-range antenna pattern measurements at speeds more than 100 times faster than with any instrumentation system available today. Such speeds and range are especially required when measuring the pattern of millimeter-wave antennas. The basic system covers the frequency band 0.1 to 26.5 GHz and can be extended to cover full waveguide bands through 110 GHz. The system performs conventional measurements in the CW (continuous-wave) mode and can also operate in a pulse mode. The pulse mode of operation allows the operator to range gate out interfering multipath signals which often occur in practical ranges. This provides a measurement capability over a much larger dynamic range than can be achieved by a CW system alone or with extensive clutter subtraction routines or extensive usage of anechoic material.<>
{"title":"A high performance antenna measurement system","authors":"F. Pasqualucci, J.B. Baprawski, J. Paul","doi":"10.1109/AERO.1988.38655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.1988.38655","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe a high-performance, state-of-the-art antenna pattern measurement instrumentation system. The system utilizes advanced concepts to achieve high-accuracy, large-dynamic-range antenna pattern measurements at speeds more than 100 times faster than with any instrumentation system available today. Such speeds and range are especially required when measuring the pattern of millimeter-wave antennas. The basic system covers the frequency band 0.1 to 26.5 GHz and can be extended to cover full waveguide bands through 110 GHz. The system performs conventional measurements in the CW (continuous-wave) mode and can also operate in a pulse mode. The pulse mode of operation allows the operator to range gate out interfering multipath signals which often occur in practical ranges. This provides a measurement capability over a much larger dynamic range than can be achieved by a CW system alone or with extensive clutter subtraction routines or extensive usage of anechoic material.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":260452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Digest on Aerospace Applications Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129241574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author presents data engineering procedures adopted for use in designing a large communication, command, control, and information C/sup 3/I system. An overview of the system is first given, highlighting the design drivers implicit in the requirements. This is followed by a discussion of the engineering methods used on the project to realize the design goals and an overview of the automated tools developed to support system development. The practical experiences from this project are being transferred to large air traffic control and other C/sup 3/I systems at Hughes, in part by initiating an industrial research and development project to generate a set of generic data engineering methods and tools.<>
{"title":"Data engineering methods employed in developing a large command control and information system","authors":"B. Patel, J. Ruby, D. Tamanaha","doi":"10.1109/AERO.1988.38669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.1988.38669","url":null,"abstract":"The author presents data engineering procedures adopted for use in designing a large communication, command, control, and information C/sup 3/I system. An overview of the system is first given, highlighting the design drivers implicit in the requirements. This is followed by a discussion of the engineering methods used on the project to realize the design goals and an overview of the automated tools developed to support system development. The practical experiences from this project are being transferred to large air traffic control and other C/sup 3/I systems at Hughes, in part by initiating an industrial research and development project to generate a set of generic data engineering methods and tools.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":260452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Digest on Aerospace Applications Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116086772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author presents an overview of the potential and limitations of microwave power transfer. He reviews state-of-the-art technology and the required hardware to implement such a system. Tradeoffs among frequency selection, atmospheric effects, orbital geometry and energy storage are discussed. Present hardware capabilities of ground station antennas, microwave power sources, and spacecraft receiving antennas such as large unfurlable and space erectable dishes, deployable rectennas, and tethered systems are also reviewed. It is concluded that on the basis of present technology, the efficient transfer of microwave power from Earth to a low-orbiting satellite is feasible.<>
{"title":"Microwave power beaming from Earth-to-space","authors":"W.S. Gregorwich","doi":"10.1109/AERO.1988.38658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.1988.38658","url":null,"abstract":"The author presents an overview of the potential and limitations of microwave power transfer. He reviews state-of-the-art technology and the required hardware to implement such a system. Tradeoffs among frequency selection, atmospheric effects, orbital geometry and energy storage are discussed. Present hardware capabilities of ground station antennas, microwave power sources, and spacecraft receiving antennas such as large unfurlable and space erectable dishes, deployable rectennas, and tethered systems are also reviewed. It is concluded that on the basis of present technology, the efficient transfer of microwave power from Earth to a low-orbiting satellite is feasible.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":260452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Digest on Aerospace Applications Conference","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115577282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to better address the needs of the controls engineer, CSSL-IV (Continuous System Simulation Language-version four) has been enhanced to include software tools for the design, optimization, and evaluation of linear automatic control systems. The CONTROLS-LAB subsystem of CSSL-IV provides the foundation for a workbench which will enable the engineer to design, optimize, and evaluate control systems before committing to the expensive prototype phase of product design. Both continuous-time and discrete-time systems can be modeled and either time-response or frequency-response results displayed graphically for easy understanding. Many of the CSSL-IV vector and matrix tools have been collected under this subsystem and expanded to include the current state of the art in control systems. The author presents an overview of the capabilities and features of the CSSL-IV/CONTROLS-LAB designer's workbench.<>
{"title":"A linear-analysis subsystem for CSSL-IV","authors":"R. Nilsen","doi":"10.1109/AERO.1988.38670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.1988.38670","url":null,"abstract":"In order to better address the needs of the controls engineer, CSSL-IV (Continuous System Simulation Language-version four) has been enhanced to include software tools for the design, optimization, and evaluation of linear automatic control systems. The CONTROLS-LAB subsystem of CSSL-IV provides the foundation for a workbench which will enable the engineer to design, optimize, and evaluate control systems before committing to the expensive prototype phase of product design. Both continuous-time and discrete-time systems can be modeled and either time-response or frequency-response results displayed graphically for easy understanding. Many of the CSSL-IV vector and matrix tools have been collected under this subsystem and expanded to include the current state of the art in control systems. The author presents an overview of the capabilities and features of the CSSL-IV/CONTROLS-LAB designer's workbench.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":260452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Digest on Aerospace Applications Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129738253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The challenges of very-large-scale systems are discussed and the process of systems engineering is described as a systematic method for increasing the efficiency of design and production engineering. A generalized definition of the term 'systems engineering' and some variations on that approach are presented, and the relationship between the level of systems engineering involvement and project size is explored. The systems engineering method is further dissected, with special emphasis placed on the requirements levied on the performing organization, in order to show the cost/benefit tradeoff associated with implementing this design methodology on a large project. Some conclusions are drawn with respect to the promise of systems engineering for providing an effective, efficient, technical and financial management system for large-scale projects.<>
{"title":"Effective systems engineering for very large systems: an overview of systems engineering considerations","authors":"P. Lewkowicz","doi":"10.1109/AERO.1988.38672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.1988.38672","url":null,"abstract":"The challenges of very-large-scale systems are discussed and the process of systems engineering is described as a systematic method for increasing the efficiency of design and production engineering. A generalized definition of the term 'systems engineering' and some variations on that approach are presented, and the relationship between the level of systems engineering involvement and project size is explored. The systems engineering method is further dissected, with special emphasis placed on the requirements levied on the performing organization, in order to show the cost/benefit tradeoff associated with implementing this design methodology on a large project. Some conclusions are drawn with respect to the promise of systems engineering for providing an effective, efficient, technical and financial management system for large-scale projects.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":260452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Digest on Aerospace Applications Conference","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131473065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the course of developing a point design for a bootlace lens antenna for a space-based radar, a versatile radiation-pattern synthesis technique capable of simultaneously controlling the mainlobe shape and the sidelobe level has been developed for planar phased arrays. Utilizing certain minimax properties of a power functional, the method does not rely on the shape of special mathematical functions and is therefore applicable to a broader class of arrays. After a brief description of its principle, which is based on the extension of an earlier procedure developed for linear arrays by the same author, the technique is applied to the synthesis of the radiation pattern of the feed array of the space-fed lens antenna. The objective is to obtain as closely as possible a two-dimensional Gaussian illumination function on the lens surface, while at the same time maintaining a low sidelobe level to minimize the feed loss due to spillover. Results of this synthesis are presented and discussed.<>
{"title":"Synthesis of radiation patterns of planar array antennas","authors":"H.S.C. Wang","doi":"10.1109/AERO.1988.38659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.1988.38659","url":null,"abstract":"In the course of developing a point design for a bootlace lens antenna for a space-based radar, a versatile radiation-pattern synthesis technique capable of simultaneously controlling the mainlobe shape and the sidelobe level has been developed for planar phased arrays. Utilizing certain minimax properties of a power functional, the method does not rely on the shape of special mathematical functions and is therefore applicable to a broader class of arrays. After a brief description of its principle, which is based on the extension of an earlier procedure developed for linear arrays by the same author, the technique is applied to the synthesis of the radiation pattern of the feed array of the space-fed lens antenna. The objective is to obtain as closely as possible a two-dimensional Gaussian illumination function on the lens surface, while at the same time maintaining a low sidelobe level to minimize the feed loss due to spillover. Results of this synthesis are presented and discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":260452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Digest on Aerospace Applications Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132386690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An analytic methodology for incorporating modeling directly into the radar system implementation as well as for assessing overall radar target tracking performance is outlined. Attention is given to the elements of mathematical, physical, and system modeling. It is demonstrated that in order to determine total radar system performance, one has to model the target both as a signal reflecting body as well as a dynamic system. The accuracy by which both aspects are modeled determine how well the radar can be designed to achieve a desired level of performance.<>
{"title":"Techniques in radar target modeling","authors":"L. A. Wan, A. Madni","doi":"10.1109/AERO.1988.38661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.1988.38661","url":null,"abstract":"An analytic methodology for incorporating modeling directly into the radar system implementation as well as for assessing overall radar target tracking performance is outlined. Attention is given to the elements of mathematical, physical, and system modeling. It is demonstrated that in order to determine total radar system performance, one has to model the target both as a signal reflecting body as well as a dynamic system. The accuracy by which both aspects are modeled determine how well the radar can be designed to achieve a desired level of performance.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":260452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Digest on Aerospace Applications Conference","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128132557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A vector processor architecture based on the development of a 32-bit microprocessor using gallium arsenide (GaAs) technology has been developed. The McDonnell Douglas vector processor (MVP) will be fabricated completely from GaAs digital integrated circuits. The MVP architecture includes a vector memory of 1 megabyte, a parallel bus architecture with eight processing elements connected in parallel, and a control processor. The processing elements consist of a reduced instruction set CPU (RISC) with four floating-point coprocessor units and necessary memory interface functions. This architecture has been simulated for several benchmark programs including complex fast Fourier transform (FFT), complex inner product, trigonometric functions, and sort-merge routine. The results of this study indicate that the MVP can process a 1024-point complex FFT at a speed of 112 mu s (389 megaflops) while consuming approximately 618 W of power in a volume of approximately 0.1 ft/sup 3/.<>
{"title":"A GaAs vector processor based on parallel RISC microprocessors","authors":"T. A. Misko, T.L. Rasset","doi":"10.1109/AERO.1988.38664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.1988.38664","url":null,"abstract":"A vector processor architecture based on the development of a 32-bit microprocessor using gallium arsenide (GaAs) technology has been developed. The McDonnell Douglas vector processor (MVP) will be fabricated completely from GaAs digital integrated circuits. The MVP architecture includes a vector memory of 1 megabyte, a parallel bus architecture with eight processing elements connected in parallel, and a control processor. The processing elements consist of a reduced instruction set CPU (RISC) with four floating-point coprocessor units and necessary memory interface functions. This architecture has been simulated for several benchmark programs including complex fast Fourier transform (FFT), complex inner product, trigonometric functions, and sort-merge routine. The results of this study indicate that the MVP can process a 1024-point complex FFT at a speed of 112 mu s (389 megaflops) while consuming approximately 618 W of power in a volume of approximately 0.1 ft/sup 3/.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":260452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Digest on Aerospace Applications Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129097581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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