The increasingly prevalent use of COTS components has attracted a huge capital pool to the industry. The result is an industry that is characterized by strong change forces and weak resistance. Under such environment, weaker players are constantly replaced by stronger players, and older technologies are constantly replaced by emerging technologies. This phenomenon has brought about a new class of risk to the COTS acquirers. These risk factors include the vendor's financial stability and technology capability. However, the existing COTS vendor evaluation taxonomies remain product centric, focusing only on product functionality and costs. We extend the taxonomies to incorporate business factors in the vendor evaluation process, and the resulting process is called VERPRO. The VERPRO decision making tool, which is based on the analytic hierarchy process, allows the acquirers to incorporate vendor business factors into the selection criteria.
{"title":"COTS acquisition process: incorporating business factors in COTS vendor evaluation taxonomy","authors":"James Miller, H. C. Yeoh","doi":"10.1002/spip.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spip.297","url":null,"abstract":"The increasingly prevalent use of COTS components has attracted a huge capital pool to the industry. The result is an industry that is characterized by strong change forces and weak resistance. Under such environment, weaker players are constantly replaced by stronger players, and older technologies are constantly replaced by emerging technologies. This phenomenon has brought about a new class of risk to the COTS acquirers. These risk factors include the vendor's financial stability and technology capability. However, the existing COTS vendor evaluation taxonomies remain product centric, focusing only on product functionality and costs. We extend the taxonomies to incorporate business factors in the vendor evaluation process, and the resulting process is called VERPRO. The VERPRO decision making tool, which is based on the analytic hierarchy process, allows the acquirers to incorporate vendor business factors into the selection criteria.","PeriodicalId":261807,"journal":{"name":"10th International Symposium on Software Metrics, 2004. Proceedings.","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126810308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-11DOI: 10.1109/METRIC.2004.1357924
S. Gokhale
Reliability of a software application, its failure rate and the residual number of faults in an application are the three most important metrics that provide a quantitative assessment of the failure characteristics of an application. Typically, one of many stochastic models known as software reliability growth models (SRGMs) is used to describe the failure behavior of an application in its testing phase, and obtain an estimate of the above metrics. In order to ensure analytical tractability, SRGMs are based on an assumption of instantaneous repair and thus the estimates of the metrics obtained using SRGMs tend to be optimistic. In practice, fault repair activity consumes a nonnegligible amount of time and resources. Also, repair may be conducted according to many policies which are reflective of the schedule and budget constraints of a project. A few research efforts that have sought to incorporate repair into SRGMs are restrictive, since they consider only one of the several SRGMs, model the repair process using a constant rate, and provide an estimate of only the residual number of faults. These techniques do not address the issue of estimating application failure rate and reliability in the presence of repair. In this paper we present a generic framework which relies on the rate-based simulation technique in order to provide the capability to incorporate various repair policies into the finite failure nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) class of software reliability growth models. We also present a technique to compute the failure rate and the reliability of an application in the presence of repair. The potential of the framework to obtain quantitative estimates of the above three metrics taking into consideration different repair policies is illustrated using several scenarios.
{"title":"Software failure rate and reliability incorporating repair policies","authors":"S. Gokhale","doi":"10.1109/METRIC.2004.1357924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.2004.1357924","url":null,"abstract":"Reliability of a software application, its failure rate and the residual number of faults in an application are the three most important metrics that provide a quantitative assessment of the failure characteristics of an application. Typically, one of many stochastic models known as software reliability growth models (SRGMs) is used to describe the failure behavior of an application in its testing phase, and obtain an estimate of the above metrics. In order to ensure analytical tractability, SRGMs are based on an assumption of instantaneous repair and thus the estimates of the metrics obtained using SRGMs tend to be optimistic. In practice, fault repair activity consumes a nonnegligible amount of time and resources. Also, repair may be conducted according to many policies which are reflective of the schedule and budget constraints of a project. A few research efforts that have sought to incorporate repair into SRGMs are restrictive, since they consider only one of the several SRGMs, model the repair process using a constant rate, and provide an estimate of only the residual number of faults. These techniques do not address the issue of estimating application failure rate and reliability in the presence of repair. In this paper we present a generic framework which relies on the rate-based simulation technique in order to provide the capability to incorporate various repair policies into the finite failure nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) class of software reliability growth models. We also present a technique to compute the failure rate and the reliability of an application in the presence of repair. The potential of the framework to obtain quantitative estimates of the above three metrics taking into consideration different repair policies is illustrated using several scenarios.","PeriodicalId":261807,"journal":{"name":"10th International Symposium on Software Metrics, 2004. Proceedings.","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130309752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-11DOI: 10.1109/METRIC.2004.1357918
M. Morisio, Marco Torchiano, G. Argentieri
The focus on assessment and measurement represents the main distinction between programming course and software engineering courses in computer curricula. We introduced testing as an essential asset of a programming course. It allows precise measurement of the achievements of the students and allows an objective assessment of the teaching itself. We measured the size and evolution of the programs developed by the students and correlated these metrics with the grades. We plan to collect progressively a large baseline. We compared the productivity and defect density of the program developed by the students during the exam to industrial data and similar academic experiences. We found that the productivity of our students is very high even compared to industrial settings. Our defect density (before rework) is higher than the industrial, which includes rework.
{"title":"Assessing quantitatively a programming course","authors":"M. Morisio, Marco Torchiano, G. Argentieri","doi":"10.1109/METRIC.2004.1357918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.2004.1357918","url":null,"abstract":"The focus on assessment and measurement represents the main distinction between programming course and software engineering courses in computer curricula. We introduced testing as an essential asset of a programming course. It allows precise measurement of the achievements of the students and allows an objective assessment of the teaching itself. We measured the size and evolution of the programs developed by the students and correlated these metrics with the grades. We plan to collect progressively a large baseline. We compared the productivity and defect density of the program developed by the students during the exam to industrial data and similar academic experiences. We found that the productivity of our students is very high even compared to industrial settings. Our defect density (before rework) is higher than the industrial, which includes rework.","PeriodicalId":261807,"journal":{"name":"10th International Symposium on Software Metrics, 2004. Proceedings.","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116500516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes a laboratory experiment which evaluates OO-method function points for the Web. OOmFPWeb measures the functional size of Web applications using conceptual models that are developed with object-oriented Web solutions (OOWS), an automated software production method for Web applications. OOmFPWeb is evaluated on a range of performance-based and perception-based variables, including efficiency, reproducibility, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and intention to use. The results show that OOmFPWeb is efficient when compared to current industry practices. Furthermore, the method produces consistent functional size assessments and is perceived to be easy to use and useful by its users.
{"title":"Evaluating a functional size measurement method for Web applications: an empirical analysis","authors":"S. Abrahão, G. Poels, Ó. Pastor","doi":"10.1109/METRICS.2004.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRICS.2004.22","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a laboratory experiment which evaluates OO-method function points for the Web. OOmFPWeb measures the functional size of Web applications using conceptual models that are developed with object-oriented Web solutions (OOWS), an automated software production method for Web applications. OOmFPWeb is evaluated on a range of performance-based and perception-based variables, including efficiency, reproducibility, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and intention to use. The results show that OOmFPWeb is efficient when compared to current industry practices. Furthermore, the method produces consistent functional size assessments and is perceived to be easy to use and useful by its users.","PeriodicalId":261807,"journal":{"name":"10th International Symposium on Software Metrics, 2004. Proceedings.","volume":"8 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130581775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-11DOI: 10.1109/METRIC.2004.1357897
Maureen Brown, Dennis R. Goldenson
By now, one can point to many instances where measurement has been used effectively to inform management and technical decisions in support of the development and maintenance of software and software intensive systems. Yet, measurement is not very well integrated into software or systems engineering education or practice, and measurement remains challenging for all too many organizations. For this paper, we have analyzed 1350 findings drawn from 663 Software CMM/spl reg/ appraisals that were conducted between 1987 and 2002 inclusive. The results are augmented by questions from a survey of CIO's from state and local governments and the private sector. Our analyses suggest several areas where both managers and engineers would benefit from better guidance about the proper use of measurement and analysis. Future work may include lexical analyses based on natural language processing as well as studies of appraiser understanding of the measurement content in CMMI/spl reg/ models.
{"title":"Measurement and analysis: what can and does go wrong?","authors":"Maureen Brown, Dennis R. Goldenson","doi":"10.1109/METRIC.2004.1357897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.2004.1357897","url":null,"abstract":"By now, one can point to many instances where measurement has been used effectively to inform management and technical decisions in support of the development and maintenance of software and software intensive systems. Yet, measurement is not very well integrated into software or systems engineering education or practice, and measurement remains challenging for all too many organizations. For this paper, we have analyzed 1350 findings drawn from 663 Software CMM/spl reg/ appraisals that were conducted between 1987 and 2002 inclusive. The results are augmented by questions from a survey of CIO's from state and local governments and the private sector. Our analyses suggest several areas where both managers and engineers would benefit from better guidance about the proper use of measurement and analysis. Future work may include lexical analyses based on natural language processing as well as studies of appraiser understanding of the measurement content in CMMI/spl reg/ models.","PeriodicalId":261807,"journal":{"name":"10th International Symposium on Software Metrics, 2004. Proceedings.","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121388025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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