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Proceedings Ninth Euromicro Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Processing最新文献

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Implementing on-line techniques to allocate file resources in large distributed systems 实现在线技术在大型分布式系统中分配文件资源
Pub Date : 2001-02-07 DOI: 10.1109/EMPDP.2001.905065
E. Pagani, G. P. Rossi
The allocation of shared resources in a distributed system is a key aspect to achieve both low latency in accessing the resource and low bandwidth consumption. When the set of users accessing a resource dynamically changes, the allocation policy should adapt the resource placement over time. In the literature, on-line algorithms have been proposed that dynamically relocate a file in the centre of gravity of the set of users that are more frequently accessing it. However solar those algorithms have not been implemented. They must be adapted to work in real systems, and their interactions must be investigated with the existing network protocols and applications. In this work we study the behaviours of some of those algorithms in real environments. To this purpose, we devised an implementation scheme, and we measured the algorithms performance in real settings.
分布式系统中共享资源的分配是实现低延迟访问资源和低带宽消耗的关键方面。当访问资源的用户集动态变化时,分配策略应该随时间调整资源的位置。在文献中,已经提出了在线算法,该算法动态地将文件重新定位在更频繁访问它的用户集的重心上。然而,这些算法还没有实现。它们必须适应在实际系统中工作,并且必须使用现有的网络协议和应用程序来研究它们的交互。在这项工作中,我们研究了其中一些算法在真实环境中的行为。为此,我们设计了一个实现方案,并在实际环境中测量了算法的性能。
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引用次数: 1
A hierarchical computation model for distributed shared-memory machines 分布式共享内存机器的层次计算模型
Pub Date : 2001-02-07 DOI: 10.1109/EMPDP.2001.905011
T. Rauber, G. Rünger
We present a computation model to describe a clustered memory hierarchy of distributed shared memory machines. The computation model includes the access to shared data stored in different levels of the hierarchy as well as the transfer of entire blocks of data between different levels of the memory. Pure shared memory machines and pure message passing machines can be expressed within the model. As example we use the model to analyze a hierarchical matrix multiplication algorithm.
提出了一种描述分布式共享内存机集群内存层次结构的计算模型。该计算模型包括对存储在不同层次结构中的共享数据的访问以及在不同层次的内存之间传输整个数据块。纯共享内存机器和纯消息传递机器可以在模型中表示。作为实例,我们利用该模型分析了一种层次矩阵乘法算法。
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引用次数: 2
Communication policies performance: a case study 通信策略性能:一个案例研究
Pub Date : 2001-02-07 DOI: 10.1109/EMPDP.2001.905080
D. Tessera, A. Dubey
Communication activities are one of the most influential factors for the performance of parallel applications, and usually limit the number of processors that can be profitably allocated. Two components usually determine the communication cost of a parallel algorithm. One is the volume and range of data transfer, which is inherent to a specific algorithm. The other is the choice of communication strategy, e.g., point-to-point versus collective exchanges, blocking versus non blocking protocols, which has impact on setup costs, overheads due to buffering and/or contentions. Knowledge of comparative performance of different strategies can be very useful for a user if several choices are available. In this article we present the results of a study to determine the best approach to high volume, long range communications within the frame work of multidimensional FFT algorithm. We have investigated five widely used communication strategies, available in the MPI standard, which have identical data volumes and range of communications. We also present a systematic analysis of the causes of performance differences, with analytical models supporting the experimental evidence.
通信活动是影响并行应用程序性能的最重要因素之一,并且通常会限制可有效分配的处理器数量。两个组件通常决定并行算法的通信开销。一个是数据传输的数量和范围,这是特定算法所固有的。另一个是通信策略的选择,例如,点对点还是集体交换,阻塞还是非阻塞协议,这对设置成本、缓冲和/或争用造成的开销有影响。如果有多种选择,了解不同策略的比较性能对用户来说非常有用。在本文中,我们提出了一项研究的结果,以确定在多维FFT算法框架内实现大容量、远程通信的最佳方法。我们研究了MPI标准中可用的五种广泛使用的通信策略,它们具有相同的数据量和通信范围。我们还提出了性能差异的原因的系统分析,分析模型支持实验证据。
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引用次数: 2
Multi-level parallelism in the block-Jacobi SVD algorithm 块jacobi SVD算法中的多级并行性
Pub Date : 2001-02-07 DOI: 10.1109/EMPDP.2001.905057
G. Okša, M. Vajtersic
We analyse the fine-grained parallelism of the two-sided block-Jacobi algorithm for the singular value decomposition (SVD) of matrix A/spl isin/R/sup m/spl times/n/, m/spl ges/n. The algorithm involves the class CO of parallel orderings on the two-dimensional toroidal mesh with p processors. The mathematical background is based on the QR decomposition (QRD) of local data matrices and on the triangular Kogbetliantz algorithm (TKA) for local SVDs in the diagonal mesh processors. Subsequent updates of local matrices in the diagonal as well as nondiagonal mesh processors are required. WE show that all updates can be realized by orthogonal modified Givens rotations. These rotations can be efficiently pipelined in parallel in the horizontal and vertical rings of /spl radic/p processors through the toroidal mesh. For one mesh processor our solution requires O[(m+n)/sup 2///sub p/] systolic processing elements (PEs). O(m/sup 2//p) local memory registers and O[(m+n)/sup 2//p] additional delay elements. The time complexity of our solution is O[(m+n/sup 3/2//p/sup 3/4/)/spl Delta/] time steps per one global iteration where /spl Delta/ is the length of the global synchronization time step that is given by evaluation and application of two modified Givens rotations in TKA.
分析了矩阵A/spl isin/R/sup的m/spl times/n/, m/spl ges/n奇异值分解(SVD)的双边块- jacobi算法的细粒度并行性。该算法涉及具有p个处理器的二维环面网格上并行排序的CO类。数学背景是基于局部数据矩阵的QR分解(QRD)和对角网格处理器中局部svd的三角Kogbetliantz算法(TKA)。需要对角线和非对角线网格处理器中局部矩阵的后续更新。我们证明了所有的更新都可以通过正交修正的Givens旋转来实现。这些旋转可以通过环面网格有效地在/spl径向/p处理器的水平和垂直环上并行流水线。对于一个网格处理器,我们的解决方案需要O[(m+n)/sup 2///sub p/]个收缩处理元素(PEs)。O(m/sup 2//p)个本地内存寄存器和O[(m+n)/sup 2//p]个附加延迟元件。我们的解的时间复杂度为每一次全局迭代O[(m+n/sup 3/2//p/sup 3/4/)/spl Delta/]个时间步长,其中/spl Delta/是通过评估和应用TKA中两个修改的Givens旋转给出的全局同步时间步长。
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引用次数: 0
What groupware functionality do users really use? Analysis of the usage of the BSCW system 用户真正使用的群件功能是什么?BSCW系统的使用分析
Pub Date : 2001-02-07 DOI: 10.1109/EMPDP.2001.905060
W. Appelt
The BSCW (Basic Support for Cooperative Work) Shared Workspace System is a Web based groupware system developed at GMD that is used by more than 100,000 users world-wide. This paper describes an analysis of the actual usage of the features provided by the system, based on a statistical evaluation of the logfile of the BSCW server http://bscw.gmd.de over a period of more than ten months.
BSCW(协作工作基本支持)共享工作空间系统是GMD开发的一个基于Web的群件系统,全球有超过10万用户使用。本文在对BSCW服务器http://bscw.gmd.de的日志文件进行了十多个月的统计评估的基础上,对系统提供的功能的实际使用情况进行了分析。
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引用次数: 54
Evaluating the effects of branch prediction accuracy on the performance of SMT architectures 评估分支预测精度对SMT体系结构性能的影响
Pub Date : 2001-02-07 DOI: 10.1109/EMPDP.2001.905062
R. Gonçalves, M. Pilla, G. D. Pizzol, T. Santos, P. Navaux, R. Santos
Branch instruction occurrence reduces the parallelism exploited from the source code of single-threaded applications. In order to reduce the branch penalty, several branch predictor techniques have been proposed. Branch predictors allow the fetch unit to continue fetching instructions along a predicted path after a conditional branch has been detected. Such techniques, when used in conventional superscalar architectures, may reach more than 95% of accuracy. These same techniques are also used in SMT architectures. However, SMT architectures may have a different behavior due to the parallelism exploration in several threads. Moreover, the effects supported by one thread may influence also the performance of other threads. In this work, we vary the accuracy of the branch predictor in order to evaluate the impact on the performance of a SMT architecture. Even though the SMT and superscalar have a different behavior, we observed that the effect of the improvement in the prediction accuracy is similar for both architectures.
分支指令的出现减少了单线程应用程序源代码的并行性。为了减少分支损失,提出了几种分支预测技术。分支预测器允许提取单元在检测到条件分支后沿着预测路径继续提取指令。这种技术在传统的超标量体系结构中使用时,可以达到95%以上的精度。这些相同的技术也用于SMT体系结构中。然而,由于在多个线程中进行并行性探索,SMT体系结构可能具有不同的行为。此外,一个线程支持的效果也可能影响其他线程的性能。在这项工作中,为了评估对SMT架构性能的影响,我们改变了分支预测器的准确性。尽管SMT和超标量具有不同的行为,但我们观察到两种体系结构在预测精度方面的改进效果是相似的。
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引用次数: 10
Design of a VIA based communication protocol for LAM/MPI suite 基于VIA的LAM/MPI套件通信协议设计
Pub Date : 2001-02-07 DOI: 10.1109/EMPDP.2001.904967
M. Bertozzi, M. Panella, M. Reggiani
The increasing use of System Area Network (SAN) demands efficient communication to benefit SAN features through a direct access to network resources and avoiding kernel intervention in communication path. Recently, a consortium composed by Microsoft, Compaq and Intel authored a new standard, the Virtual Interface Architecture (VIA), designed to reduce software overhead in data transfers. This paper describes the communication protocol proposed in order to allow a complete implementation of MPI based on VIA. This protocol is needed because the plain use of the two VIA data transfer models does not allow the implementation of MPI based on VIA, due to the large number of MPI communication flavors. To validate the goodness of the proposed protocol, a new communication layer based on VIA has been introduced in the LAM/MPI suite. The reported results, referring to a software VIA implementation for fast Ethernet networks, exhibits a significant reduction in latency time of LAM/MPI based on VIA with respect to the same library based on the TCP/IP protocol.
系统区域网络(SAN)的使用日益增加,需要通过直接访问网络资源和避免通信路径中的内核干预来实现有效的通信,从而使SAN特性受益。最近,一个由微软、康柏和英特尔组成的联盟制定了一个新的标准——虚拟接口架构(VIA),旨在减少数据传输中的软件开销。为了实现基于VIA的MPI的完整实现,本文介绍了所提出的通信协议。这个协议是必需的,因为单纯使用两种VIA数据传输模型不允许基于VIA实现MPI,因为MPI通信风格很多。为了验证所提出协议的有效性,在LAM/MPI套件中引入了一个新的基于VIA的通信层。报告的结果,参考快速以太网网络的软件VIA实现,显示基于VIA的LAM/MPI与基于TCP/IP协议的相同库相比,延迟时间显著减少。
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引用次数: 17
Dynamic re-configurable transaction management in AgentTeam 动态可重新配置的事务管理在AgentTeam
Pub Date : 2001-02-07 DOI: 10.1109/EMPDP.2001.905051
Bora I. Kumova
With respect to data format and data consistency, the spectrum of DDBM ranges from management of relational data in distributed database management systems (DDBMS) to the management of non-relational data in information retrieval systems. On the other hand, in many networked application domains users need to access any type of data, preferably with a single tool. However, DDBM is still a challenging research area that involves bridging syntactic and semantic heterogeneity of data as well as of functionality, especially in the bottom-up design of a new DDB. Since, existing DDBM systems were usually built by focusing on the implementation of some dedicated protocols for DDBM, they are inflexible for major modifications or exchange of the protocols. In addition, their software architecture usually does not comply with well-known design paradigms, which could facilitate the maintenance of the software system. We present an agent-based approach for flexible DDBM, where independent DDBM protocols are modular exchangeable for lest purposes. This capability of the DDBMS provides for flexibility against protocol heterogeneity and enables the DDBMS to communicate with new DBMSs to be included, by combining or adapting its protocols at run time. For instance, different DDB consistency levels are possible for different DDBs with the same DDBMS. In this work, the design of DDBM in form of a multi-agent system of the AgentTeam framework is discussed, particularly the dynamic reconfigurable transaction management model. Furthermore, the CourseMan prototype is described, which is implemented in form of a test-bed that provides a homogeneous environment for testing different DDBM protocols, upon heterogeneous DBMSs.
在数据格式和数据一致性方面,DDBM的范围从分布式数据库管理系统(DDBMS)中的关系数据管理到信息检索系统中的非关系数据管理。另一方面,在许多网络应用程序域中,用户需要访问任何类型的数据,最好使用单一工具。然而,DDBM仍然是一个具有挑战性的研究领域,它涉及连接数据和功能的语法和语义异构性,特别是在新DDB的自底向上设计中。由于现有的DDBM系统通常是通过专注于为DDBM实现一些专用协议来构建的,因此对于协议的重大修改或交换来说,它们是不灵活的。此外,它们的软件体系结构通常不符合众所周知的设计范式,这可能有助于软件系统的维护。我们为灵活的DDBM提出了一种基于代理的方法,其中独立的DDBM协议是模块化的,可用于最少的目的。DDBMS的这种功能提供了对抗协议异构的灵活性,并通过在运行时组合或调整其协议,使DDBMS能够与要包含的新dbms通信。例如,对于具有相同DDBMS的不同DDB,可能存在不同的DDB一致性级别。本文讨论了基于AgentTeam框架的多代理系统形式的数据数据库管理的设计,特别是动态可重构的事务管理模型。此外,还描述了CourseMan原型,它以测试平台的形式实现,该测试平台为在异构dbms上测试不同的DDBM协议提供了同构环境。
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引用次数: 3
Integrating mobile agent infrastructures with CORBA-based distributed multimedia applications 将移动代理基础设施与基于corba的分布式多媒体应用程序集成
Pub Date : 2001-02-07 DOI: 10.1109/EMPDP.2001.905034
P. Bellavista, Antonio Corradi, Domenico Cotroneo, S. Russo
The increased computing power and the enhanced connectivity of current open computing systems are encouraging the deployment of new classes of services both centered around dynamically changing user requirements and based on the exploitation of the Internet infrastructure. Distributed Multimedia Applications (DMAs) are a typical class of services with challenging requirements in terms of resource demand, dynamicity and QoS adaptation. The paper claims that distributed objects and mobile agents can complement each other to provide a flexible middleware for DMAs, and describes the case study of MADAMA (Mobile Agent-based Distributed Architecture for Multimedia Applications). MADAMA adopts mobile agents to simplify the distribution of service control and to provide location-aware adaptability. In addition, MADAMA is compliant with CORBA to achieve large accessibility and interoperability.
当前开放计算系统的计算能力的增强和连接性的增强正在鼓励部署以动态变化的用户需求为中心并基于对Internet基础设施的利用的新型服务。分布式多媒体应用程序(DMAs)是一类典型的服务,在资源需求、动态性和QoS适应方面具有挑战性。本文提出分布式对象和移动代理可以相互补充,为多媒体应用提供一个灵活的中间件,并描述了MADAMA(基于移动代理的多媒体应用分布式体系结构)的案例研究。MADAMA采用移动代理简化业务控制的分配,提供位置感知的适应性。此外,MADAMA与CORBA兼容,以实现大的可访问性和互操作性。
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引用次数: 2
Adding flexibility and real-time performance by adapting a single processor industrial application to a multiprocessor platform 通过使单处理器工业应用程序适应多处理器平台,增加灵活性和实时性能
Pub Date : 2001-02-07 DOI: 10.1109/EMPDP.2001.905079
Leif Enblom, L. Lindh
This paper describes a way to get more flexibility in a real-time product and its base platform (real-time operating system and hardware). Industrial hardware and software platforms are due to change and in some cases a new platform is needed after five to ten years, if not earlier. This is costly and there is a need to be able to make the product grow in performance without changing the platform. The ongoing work that is described in this paper is performed in cooperation with industry and the attempt is to convert a single processor software application to a multiprocessor application. By changing the platform to a flexible multiprocessor real-time problem, flexibility and performance is increased, resulting in a more optimized platform for different configurations of the application.
本文描述了一种在实时产品及其基础平台(实时操作系统和硬件)中获得更大灵活性的方法。工业硬件和软件平台将会发生变化,在某些情况下,如果不是更早的话,五到十年后就需要一个新的平台。这是昂贵的,并且需要能够在不改变平台的情况下使产品的性能增长。本文中描述的正在进行的工作是与工业界合作进行的,并试图将单处理器软件应用程序转换为多处理器应用程序。通过将平台更改为灵活的多处理器实时问题,灵活性和性能得到了提高,从而为不同配置的应用程序提供了更优化的平台。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Proceedings Ninth Euromicro Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Processing
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