Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1177/14690446070080030801
J. Balcázar
Probiotics are live micro-organisms that confer a health benefit to the host by providing both a nutritional benefit and protection against pathogens. This is a review of the present state of knowledge concerning probiotics, with emphasis on the criteria used for selection and clinical evidence of their beneficial effects.
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Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1177/14690446070080030407
{"title":"Review: Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 17th Annual meeting, Baltimore, 14-17 April","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/14690446070080030407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14690446070080030407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265443,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Infection Control","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122808149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1177/14690446070080030404
{"title":"Infection control award winners are announced","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/14690446070080030404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14690446070080030404","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265443,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Infection Control","volume":"277 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123027724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-01DOI: 10.1177/14690446070080020901
R. Pratt
Throughout the world, eight million people develop active tuberculosis (TB) each year and 5,000 of them will die from this disease every day. Although treatable and curable, globally about 3% of all newly-diagnosed patients have multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR TB) making their treatment complicated, expensive and uncertain. In September 2006 the World Health Organization announced a further worsening of the MDR TB pandemic with multiple reports in all regions of the world of the emergence of extensively resistant (XDR) strains of TB resistant to virtually all antituberculosis drugs. XDR TB may become the primary health scourge of the 21st century and in this brief report, the current status of our understanding of this new peril is discussed.
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Pub Date : 2007-04-01DOI: 10.1177/14690446070080020401
The number of death certificates in England and Wales that mentioned Staphylococcus aureus infection has almost doubled from 2001 to 2005. Figures from the Office for National Statistics show a rise from 1,211 to 2,083 in that period. Cases where Staphylococcus aureus was specified as meticillin resistant (MRSA) rose from 61% in 2001 to 78% in 2005. In addition, the number of death certificates in England and Wales that mentioned Clostridium difficile increased from 1,214 in 2001 to 3,807 in 2005. Between the period from 2004 to 2005 the number of deaths involving C. difficile increased by 69%. The figures also show that MRSA was mentioned on one in every 500 death certificates over the period from 2001 to 2005, and that the increase in the number of death certificates specifying MRSA accounted for most of the increase in deaths where S. aureus was mentioned. For men the MRSA death rate increased from 12.5 to 25.0 per million population, while for women it rose from 6.7 to 14.5 per million population. Between 2004 and 2005, mentions of MRSA on death certificates increased by 39%. However, the Health Protection Agency’s mandatory MRSA surveillance scheme, introduced in April 2001, showed a small fall in laboratory reports over a similar period. Some of the increase in mentions of MRSA may be due to improved levels of reporting on death certificates. The chief medical officer reminded doctors, in his update of July 2005, to include MRSA and other healthcare-associated infections on death certificates whenever they thought these infections had contributed to the death. C. difficile was mentioned on one in every 250 death certificates over the period 20012005. Among death certificates with a mention of C. difficile, the percentage for which it was the underlying cause was similar (around 55%) in each year. For men the C. difficile death rate in England and Wales almost tripled between 2001 and 2005, from 13.1 to 37.6 per million population. Among females, rates more than tripled, from 12.8 per million to 38.9 per million. The ONS data can be seen at www. statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk =6725. Call for ICNs to apply for this year’s NT awards
从2001年到2005年，英格兰和威尔士提到金黄色葡萄球菌感染的死亡证明数量几乎翻了一番。英国国家统计局(Office for National Statistics)的数据显示，在此期间，死亡人数从1211人增至2083人。金黄色葡萄球菌被指定为耐甲氧西林(MRSA)的病例从2001年的61%上升到2005年的78%。此外，英格兰和威尔士提到艰难梭菌的死亡证明数量从2001年的1,214份增加到2005年的3,807份。2004年至2005年期间，与艰难梭菌有关的死亡人数增加了69%。数据还显示，在2001年至2005年期间，每500个死亡证明中就有一个提到了MRSA，而在提到金黄色葡萄球菌的死亡证明中，提到MRSA的死亡证明数量的增加占了大部分。男性的MRSA死亡率从每百万人12.5人上升到25.0人，而女性的死亡率从每百万人6.7人上升到14.5人。从2004年到2005年，死亡证明上提到的MRSA增加了39%。然而，2001年4月引入的英国健康保护局(Health Protection Agency)的强制性MRSA监测计划显示，在同一时期，实验室报告的数量略有下降。提到耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的部分增加可能是由于死亡证明报告水平的提高。首席医疗官在2005年7月的更新中提醒医生，只要他们认为这些感染导致了死亡，就在死亡证明上包括MRSA和其他与医疗保健相关的感染。在2001至2005年期间，每250份死亡证明中就有一份提到艰难梭菌。在提及艰难梭菌的死亡证明中，每年将其作为潜在原因的百分比相似(约55%)。从2001年到2005年，英格兰和威尔士的男性艰难梭菌死亡率几乎增加了两倍，从每百万人13.1人增加到37.6人。在女性中，发病率增加了两倍多，从12.8 / 100万增加到38.9 / 100万。国家统计局的数据可以在www上看到。statistics.gov.uk / statbase / Product.asp ? vlnk = 6725。呼吁ICNs申请今年的NT奖
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Pub Date : 2007-04-01DOI: 10.1177/14690446070080020405
{"title":"Infection control and prevention activity in Scotland","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/14690446070080020405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14690446070080020405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265443,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Infection Control","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128706260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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