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IDEAS OF THE SUBJECT-DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FOR CHILDREN IN THE UKRAINIAN PEDAGOGICAL DISCOURSE LATE 19TH – 20TH YEARS OF THE ХХ CENTURY 十九世纪末至二十世纪ХХ年代乌克兰教学话语中儿童主题发展环境的构想
A. Sichkar, Yana Matiushynets
The article highlights the features of the development of ideas about a subject-developing environment for children of preschool and primary school age in the pedagogical thought of Ukraine and their transformation under the influence of socio-economic, political, ideological, pedagogical factors (late 19th - 20s of the 20th century) To achieve the goal, to solve the tasks set, a set of research methods was used, namely: historical and retrospective - in order to analyze the priority ideas of domestic teachers on the creation and functioning of a developing environment for children and their implementation into practice; constructive-genetic – for the analysis of goals, objectives, content-methodological support of the dynamics of ideas of a developing environment for children of preschool and primary school age; chronological – to establish the time boundaries of phenomena and processes; hermeneutic – for a new reading and commenting on historical and pedagogical texts; specific historical – for the purpose of analyzing documents on the development of preschool education and primary education in Ukraine in a certain chronological framework. On the basis of the historical and pedagogical analysis of archival documents, narrative sources, theoretical provisions have been determined that relate to the development of ideas about a subject-developing environment in educational institutions of Ukraine: key ideas, periodization and factors influencing their development have been identified; highlights the features of their interpretation by Ukrainian teachers in a certain chronological framework. The historical genesis of ideas about a subject-developing environment is associated with the formation of the theoretical and methodological foundations of preschool education and primary school under the influence of progressive European systems of education (F. Frebel, M. Montessori) and scientific achievements in the field of child anatomy, physiology, and psychology. It was found that the ideas of self-activity and creative self-realization, self-development of a child in a subject-developing environment, control of the process of self-development of a child by introducing him to various types of activities in an environment prepared by the educator remained relevant in a certain chronological framework of the study, but the means of their implementation changed under the influence of social economic, ideological, political factors. During the three socio-political milestones identified by us, namely: ideas about the developmental influence of environments for children (1871-1917); filling developing environments with national content in the years of the UPR (1917-1919); adaptation of the ideas of previous periods to class education (1920-1930), different, of the above factors were dominant and exercised a decisive influence on the formation of pedagogical theory and practice on the organization of a subject-developing environment for children of preschoo
本文着重分析了乌克兰(19世纪末至20世纪20年代)学前和小学学龄儿童主体发展环境思想的发展特点及其在社会经济、政治、思想、教学等因素影响下的转变。为实现这一目标,解决所设定的任务,采用了一套研究方法,即:历史和回顾-为了分析国内教师对儿童发展环境的创造和功能的优先思想及其在实践中的实施;构建-遗传-用于分析目标,目的,内容-方法支持学龄前和小学年龄儿童发展环境的动态思想;时间-建立现象和过程的时间界限;解释学-对历史和教学文本进行新的阅读和评论;具体的历史——为了在一定的时间框架内分析乌克兰学前教育和小学教育发展的文献。在对档案文件、叙述来源进行历史和教学分析的基础上,确定了与乌克兰教育机构学科发展环境思想发展有关的理论规定:确定了影响其发展的关键思想、分期和因素;突出了乌克兰教师在一定时间框架下的解释特征。在进步的欧洲教育体系(F. Frebel, M. Montessori)和儿童解剖学、生理学和心理学领域的科学成就的影响下,学前教育和小学教育的理论和方法基础的形成与学科发展环境思想的历史起源有关。研究发现,自我活动和创造性自我实现、儿童在主体发展环境中的自我发展、通过在教育者准备的环境中引入各种类型的活动来控制儿童的自我发展过程等概念在研究的一定时间框架中仍然是相关的,但它们的实施手段在社会经济、思想政治因素的影响下发生了变化。在我们确定的三个社会政治里程碑期间,即:关于环境对儿童发展影响的想法(1871-1917);在普遍定期审议期间(1917-1919年),让发展中国家的环境充满国家内容;将以前时期的思想适应于班级教育(1920-1930年),上述因素中的不同因素占主导地位,并对教育机构中学前和小学适龄儿童的学科发展环境组织的教学理论和实践的形成以及乌克兰境内儿童的家庭教育条件产生了决定性影响。
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引用次数: 0
A THEORY OF CHILD’S GAME OF F. FROEBEL AND K. USHYNSKYI AND CAPABILITIES OF ITS USE IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF THE MOBILE-ORIENTED PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHER 福禄别尔和ushynskyi的儿童游戏理论及其在移动体育教师专业培训中的应用能力
N. Denysenko, S. Marchuk
In modern educational conditions the problem of professional mobility of the future Physical Education teacher acquires actual value. This is what strengthens the special interest in the ideas of child`s physical development through the prism of game technologies, which were put forward by educators of the past and have not lost their importance today. Analysis of the creative heritage of outstanding educators makes it possible to use historical experience in the development of modern education. The works of the German teacher F. Froebel and the Ukrainian K. Ushynskyi, wich study the theory of children's game, are of considerable interest nowdays. The subject of research is the pedagogical possibilities of children's games by F. Froebel and K. Ushynskyi in the professional training of a mobile-oriented PE teacher in modern educational conditions. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the effectiveness of game methods of the child`s physical development in the process of future PE teachers training to implement the pedagogical ideas of F. Froebel and K. Ushinskyi in the modern space of higher physical education. Objectives of the study: studying the problem of children's play in the pedagogical concepts of F. Froebel and K. Ushinskyi, outlining ways of creative use of ideas of F. Froebel and K. Ushinskyi in the formation of professional mobility of future PE teachers in the process of practical preparation for play activity of young pupils. The methodological basis of the study is the pedagogical heritage of F. Froebel and K. Ushinskyi; theory of scientific knowledge. The study is based on the principles of historicism, systematics, scientificity, mobility, child-centeredness, creative approach to the personality as a subject of the educational process. The scientific novelty of the study is, that: a comparative analysis of game methods of the child`s physical development through the prism of pedagogical systems of F. Froebel and K. Ushinskyi is given for the first time; the process of professional training of future PE teachers is modeled on F. Froebel's pedagogical ideas; further development of the content and methodological support for the formation of professional mobility of future teachers to implement the provisions of F. Froebel and K. Ushinskyi on children's play activities. Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) developed the theory and methodology of the game as a means of harmonious development of the child. His system of preschool education was extremely widespread in the world, and is also used today in Europe, particularly in Germany. Konstantin Ushinskyi (1824–1870) formulated the following pedagogical conclusions about the game: games predict the future character and destiny of the child; the game has a great influence on the development of children's abilities; children's games have their nationalities, their centuries-old history; children are constantly creating new games. The study led to the following conclusions: 1. The study o
在现代教育条件下,未来体育教师的职业流动性问题具有现实的价值。这就是通过游戏技术加强对儿童身体发展思想的特殊兴趣的原因,游戏技术是由过去的教育者提出的,并且在今天并没有失去其重要性。分析杰出教育家的创造性遗产,可以为现代教育的发展提供历史经验。德国教师F. Froebel和乌克兰教师K. Ushynskyi研究儿童游戏理论的著作,在当今引起了相当大的兴趣。本研究的主题是F. Froebel和K. Ushynskyi在现代教育条件下对移动体育教师的专业培训中儿童游戏的教学可能性。本研究的目的是验证游戏方法在未来体育教师培训过程中对儿童身体发展的有效性,以在现代高等体育教育空间中贯彻福禄培尔和乌辛斯基的教学理念。本研究的目的:研究福禄培尔和乌辛斯基的教学理念中儿童游戏的问题,概述在幼儿游戏活动的实际准备过程中,如何创造性地运用福禄培尔和乌辛斯基的理念,形成未来体育教师的专业流动性。本研究的方法论基础是福禄贝尔和乌辛斯基的教育学遗产;科学知识的理论。该研究基于历史主义、系统学、科学性、流动性、以儿童为中心、创造性地将人格作为教育过程的主体的原则。本研究的科学新颖之处在于:第一次从福禄贝尔和乌辛斯基的教学体系的角度对儿童身体发展的游戏方法进行了比较分析;未来体育教师的专业培养过程以福禄培尔的教学理念为蓝本;进一步发展内容和方法,支持未来教师专业流动性的形成,以实施F.福罗贝尔和K.乌辛斯基关于儿童游戏活动的规定。弗里德里希·福禄贝尔(1782-1852)发展了游戏的理论和方法,作为儿童和谐发展的手段。他的学前教育体系在世界上非常普遍,今天在欧洲也被使用,特别是在德国。Konstantin Ushinskyi(1824-1870)提出了以下关于游戏的教学结论:游戏预测孩子未来的性格和命运;游戏对儿童能力的发展有很大的影响;儿童游戏有其民族,有其悠久的历史;孩子们不断创造新的游戏。研究得出以下结论:1。对福禄培尔教育理念中儿童游戏理论的研究表明,它是基于儿童中心主义、创造性、业余性、儿童自我发展、趣味性、建设性活动等原则,通过儿童的感情、思想、手势、歌曲、故事的表达来实现的。2. K. Ushinsky定义了游戏在人格身心发展中的重要性,论证并批判地评价了F. Froebel的“儿童天赋”。对现代条件下儿童游戏的理论和实践研究是未来体育教师的重要专业能力,乌辛斯基对其权宜性进行了系统的规定。对F. Froebel和K. Ushinskyi的作品进行的历史和教学分析证明了教师在儿童游戏理论领域的重要科学成就。3.福禄培尔的教学材料旨在让学生掌握发展儿童身体能力的方法,他们的建设性活动能力,逻辑思维能力,这在今天不仅在体育教育中,而且在职业体育运动中都具有特殊的意义。福禄培尔的教学法不仅是为了培养未来的体育教师,而且是为了培养最广义上的“文化”,形成他的专业能力和移动能力的组合型。4. 在乌申斯基科学遗产中,实施体育教育主要任务的必要教学条件是遵循人本主义、民族性、顺应自然的原则,合理使用有效的方法、手段和形式,加强和保持学生的身心健康,并要求教师具有高尚的道德和专业素质。
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引用次数: 0
SPECIFICS OF TRAINING FUTURE RESERVE OFFICERS FOR EDUCATIONAL WORK IN THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE 为乌克兰武装部队的教育工作培训未来预备役军官的具体情况
T. Inozemtsev, Alla Khomenko
The subject of the article is the preparation of future reserve officers for educational work. The training of reserve officers is carried out by the military departments of higher education institutions of Ukraine. The article contains information that citizens of Ukraine undergo military training on a voluntary basis who have or receive a higher education degree at least a bachelor's degree, fit for military service for health reasons and moral and business qualities. Citizens can undergo military training, subject to the correspondence of the specialties that they or for which they are trained in the institution of higher education, the military accounting specialty, in which the training of reserve officers is carried out. The leading feature of the military professional activity of a military leader is the dominant professional orientation, which manifests itself in an orientation toward working with personnel and active interpersonal interaction, toward organizing activities, toward tough interaction with the enemy. In this regard, the officer must have a broad developed practical thinking and managerial competence. The article presents the components of its formation and demonstrates the ways to achieve it: information-analytical component of training future reserve officers; the formation of the communicative competence of future reserve officers; the use of computer technology in training reserve officers for educational work; individualization of training. The information and analytical component of the training of future reserve officers provides for: 1) information and presentation meetings of candidates for training under the training program for reserve officers with officers of the military commissariat; 2) professional excursions and to military units of candidates for training under the training program for reserve officers, in which potential applicants can communicate with platoon commanders and company commanders, get acquainted with the daily activities of the platoon; 3) self-testing of potential applicants for professional self-determination and readiness for management activities. The formation of the communicative competence of reserve officers provides for the following factors: pedagogy of cooperation, personality-oriented education, an active personal position of the future reserve officer, critical thinking, the formation of language culture and the influence of mentors. One of the effective means of improving the level of training of military specialists is the use of modern information technologies, in particular, virtual computer systems and computer networks (simulation) models. They, first of all, should contribute to the comprehension and assimilation of educational material, as well as to ensure the possibility of a comprehensive assessment of the readiness of the future reserve officer for independent activity, the timely introduction of individual adjustments in the training of a military specialist. The main
本文的主题是未来预备役军官教育工作的准备。预备役军官的培训由乌克兰高等教育机构的军事部门进行。该条载有关于乌克兰公民自愿接受军事训练的资料,这些公民具有或接受高等教育学位,至少具有学士学位,由于健康原因以及道德和商业素质适合服兵役。公民可以接受军事训练,但须与高等学校所接受训练的专业、预备役军官训练的军事会计专业相对应。军事领导人军事职业活动的主导特征是显性职业取向,表现为与人员合作和积极的人际交往取向、组织活动取向、与敌人的强硬交往取向。在这方面,官员必须具有广泛而成熟的实践思维和管理能力。文章介绍了其形成的组成部分,并论证了其实现途径:培养未来预备役军官的信息分析部分;未来预备役军官交际能力的培养计算机技术在预备役军官教育工作培训中的应用;培训的个性化。未来预备役军官培训的信息和分析部分规定:1)在预备役军官培训计划下接受培训的候选人与军事军需官举行信息和介绍会;2)预备役军官训练计划下的专业考察和军事单位的训练候选人,潜在的申请人可以与排长和连长交流,了解排的日常活动;3)对潜在申请人进行自我测试,以获得专业自主权,并为管理活动做好准备。预备役军官交际能力的形成提供了以下几个因素:合作教学法、个性教育、未来预备役军官积极的个人立场、批判性思维、语言文化的形成和导师的影响。提高军事专家培训水平的有效手段之一是使用现代信息技术,特别是虚拟计算机系统和计算机网络(模拟)模型。它们首先应有助于理解和吸收教育材料,并确保有可能全面评估未来预备役军官独立活动的准备情况,及时在军事专家的训练中进行个别调整。个性化培训过程的主要方法论基础:通过组织选修课程,为知识有空白的学生组织额外的课程;在特定的课程中寻找个性化学习的方法;在准备充分的学生分组中纳入弱者。这些理论原则的实际应用将有助于形成军事专家和为教育工作准备未来的预备役军官。
{"title":"SPECIFICS OF TRAINING FUTURE RESERVE OFFICERS FOR EDUCATIONAL WORK IN THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE","authors":"T. Inozemtsev, Alla Khomenko","doi":"10.30525/978-9934-26-001-8-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-001-8-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the article is the preparation of future reserve officers for educational work. The training of reserve officers is carried out by the military departments of higher education institutions of Ukraine. The article contains information that citizens of Ukraine undergo military training on a voluntary basis who have or receive a higher education degree at least a bachelor's degree, fit for military service for health reasons and moral and business qualities. Citizens can undergo military training, subject to the correspondence of the specialties that they or for which they are trained in the institution of higher education, the military accounting specialty, in which the training of reserve officers is carried out. The leading feature of the military professional activity of a military leader is the dominant professional orientation, which manifests itself in an orientation toward working with personnel and active interpersonal interaction, toward organizing activities, toward tough interaction with the enemy. In this regard, the officer must have a broad developed practical thinking and managerial competence. The article presents the components of its formation and demonstrates the ways to achieve it: information-analytical component of training future reserve officers; the formation of the communicative competence of future reserve officers; the use of computer technology in training reserve officers for educational work; individualization of training. The information and analytical component of the training of future reserve officers provides for: 1) information and presentation meetings of candidates for training under the training program for reserve officers with officers of the military commissariat; 2) professional excursions and to military units of candidates for training under the training program for reserve officers, in which potential applicants can communicate with platoon commanders and company commanders, get acquainted with the daily activities of the platoon; 3) self-testing of potential applicants for professional self-determination and readiness for management activities. The formation of the communicative competence of reserve officers provides for the following factors: pedagogy of cooperation, personality-oriented education, an active personal position of the future reserve officer, critical thinking, the formation of language culture and the influence of mentors. One of the effective means of improving the level of training of military specialists is the use of modern information technologies, in particular, virtual computer systems and computer networks (simulation) models. They, first of all, should contribute to the comprehension and assimilation of educational material, as well as to ensure the possibility of a comprehensive assessment of the readiness of the future reserve officer for independent activity, the timely introduction of individual adjustments in the training of a military specialist. The main","PeriodicalId":265753,"journal":{"name":"Integration of traditional and innovative scientific researches: global trends and regional as","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115719387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON 跨文化交际作为一种社会现象
V. Zhuk
The work is devoted to the study of forms, models and principles of the organization of intercultural communication, as well as the peculiarities of their functioning in dialogical statements. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to develop problems of typologization of the principles of intercultural communication (IC) and the conditions for their speech implementation interest in which is dictated by changes in society, the expansion of interaction between cultures and peoples. The problems of cultural identity, cultural differences and mutual understanding are especially relevant. The subject of the research is intercultural communication in Ukrainian and English linguistic cultures. The object of the research is the typology of models, forms and principles of the organization of intercultural communication, their speech realization in the analyzed linguocultures. The aim of the study is to analyze scientific data on the problems of typologizing models, forms and principles of intercultural communication, to generalize its semantics and pragmatics in each of the studied linguocultures, to determine the typology of models, forms and principles of organizing intercultural communication. The definition of intercultural communication is obvious from the term itself: it is the communication of people representing different cultures. We adhere to the following definition: "Intercultural communication is an adequate understanding of two participants in a communicative act belonging to different national cultures." Intercultural communication as a social phenomenon was brought to life by the practical needs of the post-war world, which were supported by changes in public consciousness, in recognition of absolute value of the diversity of world cultures in the rejection of the colonial cultural policy, in the awareness of the fragility of existence and the threat of destruction of most traditional cultures and languages. Currently, there are various approaches to describing the intercultural and intracultural interaction of people in society, but the study of linguistic and semiotic models of communication is not given due attention either in domestic or foreign linguistic knowledge. The Western communication models described in the work do not meet contemporary requirements. Acquaintance with the works of Western scientists allows us to assert: used methods and approaches do not cover and do not describe all aspects of intercultural communication. IC can be explored either at the group level or at the individual level. Most of the research carried out at the group level was of an anthropological and sociological nature. They were based on two methodological approaches: 1) "understanding of cultures as cognitive systems", which is described by V. Gudenaf; 2) understanding of culture as a "symbolic system" the opposite approach of K. Geertz. The state of contemporary society, in which one of the main problems is the problem of intercultural int
本书致力于研究跨文化交际组织的形式、模式和原则,以及它们在对话语句中发挥作用的特点。该主题的相关性是由于需要发展跨文化交际(IC)原则的类型学问题及其言语实施的条件,这是由社会的变化,文化和民族之间互动的扩大所决定的。文化认同、文化差异和相互理解的问题尤其相关。研究的主题是乌克兰和英语语言文化中的跨文化交际。研究对象是跨文化交际组织的模式、形式和原则的类型学及其在所分析的语言文化中的言语实现。本研究的目的是分析关于跨文化交际模式、形式和原则类型学问题的科学数据,概括所研究的每种语言文化的语义学和语用学,确定组织跨文化交际的模式、形式和原则的类型学。跨文化交际的定义从术语本身就很明显:它是代表不同文化的人之间的交流。我们坚持以下定义:“跨文化交际是对交际行为中属于不同民族文化的两个参与者的充分理解。”跨文化交流作为一种社会现象是由于战后世界的实际需要而产生的,这种需要得到了公众意识的变化的支持,公众意识的变化认识到世界文化多样性的绝对价值,拒绝殖民文化政策,认识到存在的脆弱性以及大多数传统文化和语言受到破坏的威胁。目前,描述社会中人们的跨文化和文化内互动的方法多种多样,但对交际的语言和符号学模型的研究在国内外语言学知识中都没有得到应有的重视。作品中描述的西方传播模式不符合当代的要求。对西方科学家著作的了解使我们可以断言:所使用的方法和方法并没有涵盖和描述跨文化交际的所有方面。IC既可以在群体层面上进行探索,也可以在个人层面上进行探索。在群体一级进行的大多数研究都是人类学和社会学性质的。它们基于两种方法:1)“将文化理解为认知系统”,这是V. Gudenaf所描述的;2)将文化理解为一种“符号系统”,与格尔茨的观点相反。当代社会的主要问题之一是文化间的相互作用问题,这引起了文化人类学家对研究的高度兴趣,他们对文化存在的基础有了新的理解。从历史上看,当代交际语言学继承了施莱尔马赫及其“一般”解释学的传统,研究理解的过程及其规律,只关注成功交际的条件。任何理解过程的核心都是部分与整体相互作用的原则,这是在每个特定研究领域应用系统方法的先决条件。通过这种方式,人们的行为和他们的文化和历史活动的产物都得到了理解。
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引用次数: 1
PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF TOLERANT ATTITUDE OF SCHOOL AND FAMILY TO CHILDREN OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE 学校和家庭对小学适龄儿童宽容态度的教育条件
Hanna Lulka, Marina Grinova
The phenomenological analysis of the essence of the concept of "tolerance" is carried out in the work; different possibilities of considering certain types of tolerance, the criteria of tolerance are characterized, the term "tolerant attitude" is analyzed, the content of the family's tolerant attitude to young school children is revealed. We have identified several levels of pedagogical conditions. The structure of the teacher's tolerant attitude to students is characterized, which is presented in the interaction of three leading components: The concept of "interaction" is defined, which is defined as a universal form of development that changes interacting objects that appear and lead each of them in a new way. Typical teacher interactions with young students, such as dialogue, cooperation and description, are highlighted. It was found that the main components of tolerance of young school-age children include: knowledge of tolerance, knowledge of the existence of differences in culture and ways of thinking about another ethnic, national or cultural background; formation of a friendly attitude to another person, as well as interest in gaining some experience of communication with representatives of another culture; development of cultural communication skills and conflict resolution skills. Thus, the results of theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific literature with research problems allowed to structure its categorical apparatus and organize an experimental study of pedagogical conditions of tolerant attitude to school and family to primary school students. In the section "Experimental study of pedagogical conditions of formation of tolerant attitude of school and family to children of young school age" the initial state of levels of tolerant attitude to pupils of initial classes is revealed; substantiated correctional program for the formation of a tolerant attitude of parents and teachers to young students in the process of pedagogical communication; the procedure and results of monitoring were carried out, which confirms the effectiveness of the experimental study. The study was conducted in accordance with the prices and objectives created in the work. By identifying the levels (high, medium, lower than average, low) of tolerant attitude to young students in the process of pedagogical communication, certain criteria were identified: meaningful, emotional, sensory, communicative and relevant indicators were developed. The quality of research methods were: description of teachers, testing, ascertaining experiment, mathematical and statistical methods of processing research materials. Parental intolerance is a factor in the object development of the child's personality (socio-pedagogical neglect), which manifests itself in the unformed in the authorities of the subject of self-awareness, communication and activity and concentrated development in the disturbed image of "I", socio-psychological maladaptation. Thus, solving the probl
对作品中“宽容”概念的本质进行现象学分析;对某些类型的宽容考虑的不同可能性、宽容的标准进行了表征,对“宽容态度”一词进行了分析,揭示了家庭对学龄儿童宽容态度的内容。我们已经确定了几个层次的教学条件。教师对学生宽容态度的结构特征表现在三个主导成分的互动中:定义了“互动”的概念,将其定义为一种普遍的发展形式,它改变了互动对象的出现,并以新的方式引导它们中的每一个。突出了教师与青年学生的典型互动,如对话、合作和描述。研究发现,学龄儿童宽容的主要组成部分包括:对宽容的认识,对文化差异存在的认识以及对另一个种族、国家或文化背景的思考方式;对他人形成友好的态度,并有兴趣获得与另一种文化的代表交流的经验;培养文化沟通能力和解决冲突的能力。因此,对科学文献的理论和方法分析的结果与研究问题允许构建其分类仪器,并组织对学校和家庭对小学生宽容态度的教学条件的实验研究。在“学校和家庭对幼龄儿童宽容态度形成的教学条件实验研究”一节中,揭示了初班小学生宽容态度水平的初始状态;在教学交流过程中形成家长和教师对青年学生宽容态度的实体化矫正方案;给出了监测的步骤和结果,验证了实验研究的有效性。研究是按照工作中设定的价格和目标进行的。通过确定教学交流过程中对青年学生宽容态度的水平(高、中、低于平均、低),确定了一些标准:有意义的、情感的、感官的、交际的和相关的指标。研究方法的质量是:教师描述、测试、确定实验、研究材料处理的数学和统计方法。父母的不宽容是儿童个性客体发展的一个因素(社会-教育忽视),它表现在未形成主体的权威自我意识、交流和活动以及集中发展的“自我”形象受到干扰,社会-心理适应不良。因此,解决父母宽容的问题需要父母,由于违反家庭教养,由于父母对他人,其中一人和孩子的不宽容态度。所获得的信息在部分方面补充了关于父母宽容结构的形成及其与儿童个性发展的相互作用的父母心理的科学观点。
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引用次数: 0
PEDAGOGICAL PARTNERSHIP OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS WITH PARENTS AS A CONDITION TO ENSURE THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION OF A CHILD 学前教育机构与家长的教学伙伴关系是保证儿童教育质量的一个条件
N. Golota, M. Mashovets
Modern preschool education in Ukraine is experiencing systemic changes in the structure and content of the educational process. The shift of emphasis on the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities to the acquisition of the necessary life competencies by the child, ensuring her personal growth puts forward new requirements for ensuring the quality of education of preschool children. However, the quality of preschool education today cannot be imagined without partner interaction between all subjects of the educational process: the administration of the institution, educators, parents, children. An institution of preschool education is an open educational space in which the teaching staff interacts with the families of pupils (as well as with other social institutions) to ensure the needs, interests and full development of each child. the interaction of the institution of preschool education and the families of pupils is an important condition for ensuring the effectiveness of the educational process aimed at creating an atmosphere of psychological comfort, goodwill and mutual understanding for all participants, based on traditional and modern pedagogical research in the field of social and family education, takes into account regional, national and world culture , human and national moral values. The purpose of our article is to characterize the pedagogical partnership of all subjects of the educational process of a preschool education institution as a necessary condition for ensuring the quality of a child's education. It can be stated that a pedagogical partnership between a family and an educational institution in form is the coordination and implementation of the interests of the family and the teaching staff to ensure all conditions for the development and comfort of the child while striving to reach consensus and compromises on the most important issues of upbringing and training a growing personality. The pedagogical partnership of the institution of preschool education and the family is realized in such components as: informational; the entry of the family into the educational space; active pedagogical position of the family in interaction with specialists. Research findings. The process of professional training of teachers of preschool education of a new generation, who, already during the period of study in higher education institutions, created their own pedagogical style based on humanistic values, personal maturity, worldview positions, high-level education, the ability to implement all virtues in practical activity, requires updating and improvement. in cooperation with the parents of the pupils. We consider the pedagogical partnership of an educator as one of the most active subjects of his attitude in the educational process of a preschool education institution, in three dimensions – children, parents, and the teaching staff. The involvement of parents and families in the educational process of a preschool institution confirm
乌克兰现代学前教育在教育过程的结构和内容上正经历着系统性的变化。从强调儿童知识、技能和能力的获得,转向强调儿童获得必要的生活能力,确保儿童的个人成长,对保证学前儿童的教育质量提出了新的要求。然而,如果没有教育过程中所有主体之间的伙伴互动,今天的学前教育质量是无法想象的:机构管理、教育者、家长、儿童。学前教育机构是一个开放的教育空间,教学人员与学生家庭(以及其他社会机构)互动,以确保每个孩子的需求、兴趣和全面发展。在社会和家庭教育领域的传统和现代教学研究的基础上,考虑到区域、国家和世界文化、人类和国家的道德价值,学前教育机构和学生家庭的相互作用是确保教育过程的有效性的一个重要条件,其目的是为所有参与者创造一种心理舒适、善意和相互理解的气氛。我们这篇文章的目的是描述学前教育机构教育过程中所有学科的教学伙伴关系是确保儿童教育质量的必要条件。可以说,家庭和教育机构之间的教学伙伴关系在形式上是协调和执行家庭和教学人员的利益,以确保儿童发展和舒适的一切条件,同时努力在养育和训练成长中的个性的最重要问题上达成协商一致意见和妥协。学前教育机构与家庭的教育伙伴关系是通过以下几个方面来实现的:信息伙伴关系;家庭进入教育空间;家庭在与专家互动中的积极教育地位。研究成果。新一代幼儿教育教师在高等学校学习期间,已经形成了以人文价值观、个人成熟度、世界观立场、高水平教育、在实践活动中践行各项美德的能力为基础的自己的教学风格,他们的专业培养过程需要更新和完善。与学生家长合作。我们认为在学前教育机构的教育过程中,教育者的教学伙伴关系是其态度最活跃的主体之一,在三个维度上——儿童、家长和教师。父母和家庭参与学前教育机构的教育过程,确认了儿童的每一位父母都有责任抚养、发展和训练儿童,并有责任保护儿童的生命,加强儿童的健康,培养儿童的人类尊严意识和对健康生活方式的自觉态度。
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引用次数: 0
GENESIS OF PROFESSIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR EDUCATORS IN THE PROCESS OF TRAINING AT THE TURN OF THE XIX–XX CENTURIES 19 - 20世纪之交教育工作者培养过程中专业要求的起源
O. Venhlovska, Yevhen Antypin
The genesis of professional requirements for the training of educators of preschool children at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries is represented in the historical and pedagogical research. The design of the study is based on a solid source base (published and unpublished materials from the archives, monographs, dissertations, manuals, scientific publications, articles). Sources are systematized by groups according to system and problem approaches. Achieving the goal of scientific research was carried out using a set of interrelated research methods: search and bibliographic, theoretical analysis, synthesis, systematization, classification, historical-retrospective, constructive-genetic, semantic-methodological, chronological, hermeneutic. According to the results of studies, the formation of requirements for professional training of educators within certain chronological limits was influenced by public figures, statesmen, teachers, associates, the level of industrial development, which determined the need to build a network of kindergartens, and therefore needed qualified educators who were to provide education for preschool children. It was found that most educators who worked in private and public kindergartens improved their professional qualities in the process of practical activities. They received significant support for professional development from representatives of social and pedagogical societies, which in a certain period took care of the training of educators for kindergartens. The main center where the image of the educator was formed was the Kyiv Froebel Pedagogical Institute. It is proved that the training of specialists in this institute was focused on the formation of general cultural, personal and professional level of educators. The students mastered the content of academic disciplines, which served to form a knowledge component in professional training. The practice-oriented component was important, which was focused on the formation of practical skills and abilities to implement in the practice of kindergartens progressive ideas of P. Lesgaft, J. Pestalozzi, M. Montessori, F. Froebel, the implementation of child-centered, activity-based approaches in raising children. It was found that in the first decades of the twentieth century, professional training of educators was carried out on a national basis. It was found that the genesis of the studied phenomenon was influenced by pedagogical thought. The study highlights the views of teachers on the formation of professional requirements in the training of educators. According to the results of processing primary sources, it was found that in the legacy of B. Grinchenko, O. Doroshenko, N. Lubenets, T. Lubents, S. Rusova, J. Chepiga, attention is focused on the knowledge, skills and abilities that teachers must master during training. It was investigated that teachers were unanimous in the opinion that future educators should be bearers of common cultural values. They must realiz
在19 - 20世纪之交,对学前儿童教育工作者培训的专业要求的起源在历史和教学研究中得到了体现。该研究的设计基于可靠的资源基础(来自档案、专著、论文、手册、科学出版物、文章的已发表和未发表的材料)。根据系统和问题方法,资源被分组系统化。为了达到科学研究的目的,采用了一套相互关联的研究方法:检索和书目、理论分析、综合、系统化、分类、历史-回顾、建构-起源、语义-方法论、时间顺序、解释学。根据研究结果,在一定的时间范围内,教育工作者专业培训需求的形成受到公众人物、政治家、教师、同事、工业发展水平的影响,这决定了建立幼儿园网络的必要性,因此需要合格的教育工作者来为学龄前儿童提供教育。研究发现,在民办和公办幼儿园工作的教育工作者大都在实践活动中提高了自身的专业素质。他们在专业发展方面得到了社会和教育团体代表的大力支持,这些团体在一段时间内负责培训幼儿园的教育工作者。教育工作者形象形成的主要中心是基辅福禄培尔教育学院。事实证明,该学院对专家的培训侧重于形成教育工作者的总体文化、个人和专业水平。学生掌握了学科的内容,形成了专业训练的知识组成部分。以实践为导向的部分很重要,它侧重于实践技能和能力的形成,以便在幼儿园的实践中实施P. Lesgaft, J. Pestalozzi, M. Montessori, F. Froebel的进步思想,在养育儿童中实施以儿童为中心,以活动为基础的方法。研究发现,在20世纪的前几十年,教育工作者的专业培训是在全国范围内进行的。研究发现,这一现象的成因受到教学思想的影响。该研究突出了教师对教育工作者培训中专业要求形成的看法。根据对第一手资料的处理结果,我们发现,在B. Grinchenko, O. Doroshenko, N. Lubenets, T. Lubents, S. Rusova, J. Chepiga的遗产中,注意力集中在教师在培训期间必须掌握的知识、技能和能力上。调查发现,教师们一致认为未来的教育者应该是共同文化价值观的承担者。他们必须认识到,童年时期是孩子个性形成和发展的时期。因此,在建设教育环境时,研究儿童,能够根据儿童的性质调整发展活动的内容、形式和方法是很重要的。本研究中所代表的教师的观点与现代培训方法是一致的,因此具有理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 0
INTRODUCING OF FLEXIBLE APPROACHES TO TEACHING AND LEARNING IN AN ENGINEERING EDUCATION 在工程教育中引入灵活的教与学方法
G. V. Lutsenko
The ability to adapt to the demands of a rapidly changing world is currently considered as a competence that is critical for engineering students to successfully self-actualize in the professional field. Therefore, the significance of the coordinated efforts of universities and stakeholders aimed at ensuring the flexibility of the teaching and learning is immensely increasing. Such efforts are the part of the effective formation of the future engineers’ ability to adapt to changing circumstances and environments as well as the ability to engage in lifelong learning. The goal of this work is twofold. At first, this study focuses on the challenges and opportunities for modern engineering and engineering education in the Industry 4.0 framework. The key requirement to future engineers’ skills and competences, that had been caused by intensive development of Industry 4.0, are reviewed. It was shown that flexibility and adaptability are considered by accreditation boards, researchers, and teachers as mandatory skills for modern engineers. Also, the concept of flexible teaching and learning is reviewed. The structure of flexible teaching and learning is analyzed in order to outline the directions and ways of its introducing in an engineering curriculum. The organizational and pedagogical framework for ensuring the flexible teaching and learning is proposed. Such framework is based on an analysis of modern requirements to future engineers. Also, the peculiarities of the system of Ukrainian engineering education had been taken into account. The proposed organizational and pedagogical framework includes five interconnected aspects, that are related to issues of the institutional support of educational process, the evolution of the content of an engineering education in the framework of Industry 4.0, the pedagogical approaches that are should be used, ways of using of information and communication technologies in an engineering education, and the personal values and motivation of students. It is emphasized that the institutional support plays an important role in improving the flexibility of the educational process by supporting the integration into the educational process of innovative student-centered approaches to teaching and learning. The increasing role of information and communication technologies leads to the necessity to introducing blended learning approaches as obligatory element of engineering degree programmes.
适应快速变化的世界的能力被认为是工科学生在专业领域成功实现自我的关键能力。因此,大学和利益相关者协调努力,确保教与学的灵活性的重要性大大增加。这些努力是未来工程师适应不断变化的环境和环境的能力以及终身学习能力的有效形成的一部分。这项工作的目标是双重的。首先,本研究侧重于工业4.0框架下现代工程和工程教育的挑战和机遇。本文回顾了工业4.0集约化发展对未来工程师技能和能力的关键要求。研究表明,灵活性和适应性被认证委员会、研究人员和教师视为现代工程师的必备技能。同时,对灵活教与灵活学的概念进行了回顾。分析了灵活教与学的结构,提出了在工程课程中引入灵活教与学的方向和途径。提出了保证灵活教与学的组织与教学框架。这种框架是基于对未来工程师的现代需求的分析。此外,还考虑到乌克兰工程教育制度的特点。拟议的组织和教学框架包括五个相互关联的方面,这些方面与教育过程的制度支持、工业4.0框架下工程教育内容的演变、应该使用的教学方法、在工程教育中使用信息和通信技术的方式以及学生的个人价值观和动机有关。强调机构支持通过支持以学生为中心的创新教与学方法融入教育过程,在提高教育过程的灵活性方面发挥着重要作用。信息和通信技术的作用越来越大,导致有必要引入混合学习方法作为工程学位课程的必修元素。
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引用次数: 0
WAYS OF FORMING THE TECHNIQUE OF SOUND PRODUCTION IN THE INTERPRETATION OF MULTI-STYLE PIANO MUSIC 多风格钢琴音乐演绎中声音产生技术的形成途径
Yu.H. Tarchynska
The article discusses the ways of the optimal formation of sound production techniques in the interpretation of multi-style piano music. The research methodology is based on the use of the historical method to highlight the evolution of methodological approaches to the formation of piano performing technique; analytical - to study the problem in scientific research in psychology, psychophysiology, musical pedagogy, piano performance; musicological method of analysis of piano styles; method of generalizing the piano performing experience of leading artists to substantiate the peculiarities of performing intonation of multi-style piano music. The purpose of this study is to identify the integral direction of improving the process of the formation of instrumental and performing technique, to concretize the sound forms of the embodiment of key pianistic skills, and to outline their typical motor characteristics. For the purpose of the study, methodological approaches to the formation of performing technique in the history of piano pedagogy are analyzed. The evolution of views on the technical development of the performer in different piano schools appears as a transition from empirical methods to scientifically grounded ones, as a change in the subject of the direction of the pianist's consciousness: identification of the most advanced forms of playing techniques, maximum attention to the sound result with the intuitive establishment of auditory-motor connection, conscious processing of auditory-motor coordination. The conditions for the optimal development of piano playing technique are considered, taking into account scientific achievements in the field of physiology, psychophysiology, and musical pedagogy. The circle of those skills of the pianist is determined, the acquisition of which optimizes the technical development of the performer: the skills of style-like sound production and sound science, which make up the technique of style-like sound formation. The content of the process of conscious mastering of interdependent and mutually conditioned components of such playing techniques is specified: generalized understanding of the common factors of the musical and linguistic environment of a certain piano style; creation of vivid sound-like performances based on emotional and intellectual comprehension of musical compositions, coordination of auditory-motor representations of such "mobile" expressive means as articulation, dynamics, agogics and timbre; improvement of motor skills from the point of view of physical convenience with the help of associations with previously acquired relevant performance experience, as well as life motor experience of economical expedient use of motor activity. The main stylistic features of sound production techniques in the interpretation of the piano heritage of Ludwig van Beethoven, Fryderyk Chopin, Serhiy Prokofiev are characterized on the basis of an analysis of their aesthetic ideals, "stable" and "mobile" exp
本文探讨了多风格钢琴音乐演绎中声音制作技术的最佳形成途径。研究方法是基于使用历史方法来突出方法论方法对钢琴演奏技术形成的演变;分析性——研究心理学、心理生理学、音乐教育学、钢琴演奏等科学研究中的问题;钢琴风格分析的音乐学方法总结著名钢琴演奏家的钢琴演奏经验,论证多风格钢琴音乐演奏音准的特殊性。本研究的目的在于找出器乐与演奏技巧形成过程中完善的整体方向,具象化钢琴关键技巧体现的声音形式,并勾勒出其典型的动作特征。为了研究的目的,分析了钢琴教育学史上演奏技术形成的方法论途径。不同钢琴流派对演奏者技术发展的看法的演变表现为从经验方法到科学方法的过渡,表现为钢琴家意识方向的主体变化:对最先进的演奏技术形式的识别,对声音效果的最大关注与听觉-运动联系的直观建立,对听觉-运动协调的有意识处理。结合生理学、心理生理学和音乐教育学领域的科学成果,探讨钢琴演奏技术最佳发展的条件。确定了钢琴家的技能圈,掌握这些技能可以优化演奏者的技术发展:类音生成技能和音科学技能,它们构成了类音形成技术。有意识地掌握这种演奏技巧的相互依存和相互制约的组成部分的过程的内容是:对某种钢琴风格的音乐和语言环境的共同因素的概括理解;基于对音乐作品的情感和智力理解,协调发音、动态、音色等“移动”表现手段的听觉-运动表现,创造生动的声音表演;从身体便利的角度,借助先前获得的相关表演经验,以及经济方便地使用运动活动的生活运动经验来提高运动技能。在分析贝多芬、肖邦、普罗科菲耶夫钢琴遗产的审美理想、作曲家音乐的“稳定”和“流动”的表现手段以及艺术家自身的演奏风格的基础上,阐述了声音制作技术在解读贝多芬、肖邦、普罗科菲耶夫钢琴遗产中的主要风格特征。通过特定的方式组合适合作曲家风格的音调,有效掌握的例子。所描述的演奏技巧主要是声音制作艺术中的参考点,是钢琴初始触点丰富音阶的概括。在实践中,某些变化,技术和动作的组合可以而且确实会发生。为了渲染一段音乐的具体内容,往往需要偏离“教科书”的演奏方式,以“典范”的动作进行演奏。同时,掌握在风格上有条件的声音任务和适当的运动技能之间的相互关系和相互依存关系,将有可能在高度艺术性的钢琴音乐作品中体现许多细微差别的声音图像中,以不同的方式应用所掌握的演奏技术。
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Integration of traditional and innovative scientific researches: global trends and regional as
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