Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844108
M. Leinonen, Juha-Pekka Mäkelä, Klaus Nevala, N. Tervo, A. Pärssinen
Mechanical waveguide attenuators are used above 100 GHz frequencies to control signal levels in power sweep measurements to avoid compression of the device or the extender. However, manual settings of the attenuators are prone to human errors, and thus the repeatability of each measurement need be studied case-basis. This paper studies calibration accuracy of extenders, and the repeatability and reproducibility of a waveguide attenuator operating at 220 to 330 GHz. The average calibration variation of S21 with three operators and three repeated calibrations over frequencies was -0.009 dB and 0.072° for directly connected frequency extenders. The measured setting accuracy of any waveguide setting was 1.4 dB (±2σ) over 15 dB range. The primary source of measured variation in S11 and S21 in variable attenuator setting measurements was due to repetition of measurements since there was no significant statistical difference between three operators.
{"title":"Repeatability of 220 - 330 GHz Variable Waveguide Attenuator and Frequency Extenders for 6G Measurements","authors":"M. Leinonen, Juha-Pekka Mäkelä, Klaus Nevala, N. Tervo, A. Pärssinen","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844108","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical waveguide attenuators are used above 100 GHz frequencies to control signal levels in power sweep measurements to avoid compression of the device or the extender. However, manual settings of the attenuators are prone to human errors, and thus the repeatability of each measurement need be studied case-basis. This paper studies calibration accuracy of extenders, and the repeatability and reproducibility of a waveguide attenuator operating at 220 to 330 GHz. The average calibration variation of S21 with three operators and three repeated calibrations over frequencies was -0.009 dB and 0.072° for directly connected frequency extenders. The measured setting accuracy of any waveguide setting was 1.4 dB (±2σ) over 15 dB range. The primary source of measured variation in S11 and S21 in variable attenuator setting measurements was due to repetition of measurements since there was no significant statistical difference between three operators.","PeriodicalId":266876,"journal":{"name":"2022 98th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126063468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844123
Sam Kusano, A. Stav, Tong Li, J. Verspecht
Distortion -less wideband modulated test signals are generated at high power using a new frequency domain method, called spectral digital pre-distortion (Spectral DPD). This technique extends the power range of signal generators, reducing the need for booster power amplifiers to achieve a good linearity, high-power signal for test The proposed technique first creates a short slice of the modulated waveform for fast and accurate linearization of the signal at the reference plane. Then, using a pre-distorted waveform created by spectral DPD, a generic memory-polynomial DPD model is identified. This model is then applied to the original waveform to generate a pre-distorted waveform, providing a linearized test signal. An example 5GNR test signal is demonstrated for linearization.
{"title":"Correcting nonlinear distortion of wideband modulated signals using new frequency domain methods","authors":"Sam Kusano, A. Stav, Tong Li, J. Verspecht","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844123","url":null,"abstract":"Distortion -less wideband modulated test signals are generated at high power using a new frequency domain method, called spectral digital pre-distortion (Spectral DPD). This technique extends the power range of signal generators, reducing the need for booster power amplifiers to achieve a good linearity, high-power signal for test The proposed technique first creates a short slice of the modulated waveform for fast and accurate linearization of the signal at the reference plane. Then, using a pre-distorted waveform created by spectral DPD, a generic memory-polynomial DPD model is identified. This model is then applied to the original waveform to generate a pre-distorted waveform, providing a linearized test signal. An example 5GNR test signal is demonstrated for linearization.","PeriodicalId":266876,"journal":{"name":"2022 98th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121703213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844125
Shivakumar Chedurupalli, T. Vishwam, Raju K.C James
Complex permittivity measurement of medium loss liquids with low sample volume determined in the discrete microwave (6.50
采用部分填充半模波纹衬底集成波导(PFHMCSIW)结构在离散微波(6.50
{"title":"Complex Permittivity Measurement of Liquids Using Half Mode Corrugated Substrate Integrated Waveguide Structure","authors":"Shivakumar Chedurupalli, T. Vishwam, Raju K.C James","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844125","url":null,"abstract":"Complex permittivity measurement of medium loss liquids with low sample volume determined in the discrete microwave (6.50 <v/GHz <10) frequency region using partially filled half mode corrugated substrate integrated waveguide (PFHMCSIW) structures. The ANSYS high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) is used to simulate the test structure mechanism. The transmission as well as reflection parameters are considered to evaluate the complex permittivity of the samples. The obtained permittivity data values are compared with the Open-ended coaxial probe technique data. The merits and demerits of both measurement techniques are discussed.","PeriodicalId":266876,"journal":{"name":"2022 98th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130922520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844022
Hendrik M. Lehmann, Cyprian Grassmann, Retro Brenner, V. Issakov
The third generation of artificial neural networks, the Spiking Neural Networks (SNN), becomes popular for numerous applications. However, a physical circuit-level SNN implementation and feasibility of its integration with millimeter-wave circuit blocks towards a system on chip (SoC) has not been reported yet A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is the core element of FMCW radar transceivers and one of the most sensitive blocks in the system. This work evaluates empirically for the first time the potential interferences during concurrent operation of an SNN and a 77 GHz VCO integrated on the same chip. The coupling effects are investigated experimentally in time- and frequency-domain, particularly by phase noise measurements. The VCO exhibits a low phase noise of -100.25 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 1MHz from 77 GHz carrier, while the SNN activity is turned off. By an intentional triggering of the SNN, a significant impact on VCO is observed and the phase noise is deteriorated up to as much as -89.75 dBc/Hz at the same offset frequency. The circuit blocks are implemented on a testchip in a 130 nm BiCMOS technology.
{"title":"Experimental Study on Coexistence of a Spiking Neural Network and 77 GHz VCO on a Single Chip","authors":"Hendrik M. Lehmann, Cyprian Grassmann, Retro Brenner, V. Issakov","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844022","url":null,"abstract":"The third generation of artificial neural networks, the Spiking Neural Networks (SNN), becomes popular for numerous applications. However, a physical circuit-level SNN implementation and feasibility of its integration with millimeter-wave circuit blocks towards a system on chip (SoC) has not been reported yet A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is the core element of FMCW radar transceivers and one of the most sensitive blocks in the system. This work evaluates empirically for the first time the potential interferences during concurrent operation of an SNN and a 77 GHz VCO integrated on the same chip. The coupling effects are investigated experimentally in time- and frequency-domain, particularly by phase noise measurements. The VCO exhibits a low phase noise of -100.25 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 1MHz from 77 GHz carrier, while the SNN activity is turned off. By an intentional triggering of the SNN, a significant impact on VCO is observed and the phase noise is deteriorated up to as much as -89.75 dBc/Hz at the same offset frequency. The circuit blocks are implemented on a testchip in a 130 nm BiCMOS technology.","PeriodicalId":266876,"journal":{"name":"2022 98th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124270453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844072
Troels Nielsen, A. Stav, J. Verspecht
We present a method to generate wide bandwidth modulated signals by phase-coherently combining vector signal generator outputs. This results in a signal with a bandwidth that is equal to the sum of the individual bandwidths.
{"title":"Generating Wide Bandwidth Signals by PhaseCoherently Combining Vector Signal Generator Outputs","authors":"Troels Nielsen, A. Stav, J. Verspecht","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844072","url":null,"abstract":"We present a method to generate wide bandwidth modulated signals by phase-coherently combining vector signal generator outputs. This results in a signal with a bandwidth that is equal to the sum of the individual bandwidths.","PeriodicalId":266876,"journal":{"name":"2022 98th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG)","volume":"326 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125065775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844119
G. Phung, U. Arz
On-wafer measurements are essential for the characterization of electronic devices at millimeter-wave frequencies. They have been known as challenging and ambitious containing a lot of parasitic effects. While a lot of investigations have been performed for on-wafer measurements of coplanar waveguides (CPW) placed on ceramic chucks, the parasitic effects related to the influence of metal chucks have not been fully investigated yet. This paper demonstrates a systematic study of the metal chuck in conjunction with the parasitic probe effects using two different probe types in mTRL-calibrated CPW measurements through a thorough field analysis.
{"title":"On the Influence of Metal Chucks in Wideband On-Wafer Measurements","authors":"G. Phung, U. Arz","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844119","url":null,"abstract":"On-wafer measurements are essential for the characterization of electronic devices at millimeter-wave frequencies. They have been known as challenging and ambitious containing a lot of parasitic effects. While a lot of investigations have been performed for on-wafer measurements of coplanar waveguides (CPW) placed on ceramic chucks, the parasitic effects related to the influence of metal chucks have not been fully investigated yet. This paper demonstrates a systematic study of the metal chuck in conjunction with the parasitic probe effects using two different probe types in mTRL-calibrated CPW measurements through a thorough field analysis.","PeriodicalId":266876,"journal":{"name":"2022 98th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133966027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844064
Ziad Hatab, M. Gadringer, Wolfgang Bösch
This paper presents an updated version of the multiline Thru-Reflect-Line (mTRL) calibration algorithm. The proposed approach formulates the calibration problem in a single eigenvalue problem, in which all line standards are combined using an optimally derived weighting matrix. This approach eliminates the need for common line selection and line pairing procedures, as documented in MultiCal [1], [2]. Using on-wafer measurements up to 150 GHz and sensitivity analysis based on the Monte Carlo method, we show that this new approach outperforms the MultiCal implementation and delivers consistent results in the presence of additive noise and phase error.
{"title":"Improving The Reliability of The Multiline TRL Calibration Algorithm","authors":"Ziad Hatab, M. Gadringer, Wolfgang Bösch","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844064","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an updated version of the multiline Thru-Reflect-Line (mTRL) calibration algorithm. The proposed approach formulates the calibration problem in a single eigenvalue problem, in which all line standards are combined using an optimally derived weighting matrix. This approach eliminates the need for common line selection and line pairing procedures, as documented in MultiCal [1], [2]. Using on-wafer measurements up to 150 GHz and sensitivity analysis based on the Monte Carlo method, we show that this new approach outperforms the MultiCal implementation and delivers consistent results in the presence of additive noise and phase error.","PeriodicalId":266876,"journal":{"name":"2022 98th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132992478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844098
T. Harz, T. Kleine-Ostmann
For the last thirty years, data rates in mobile networks have been increasing. To satisfy the demand for mobile data transfer, the use of mobile networks has to be more effective and more frequency bandwidth has to be allocated. In the already heavily used sub-6-GHz spectrum, no additional bandwidth is available. Therefore, the mobile network has to operate in the millimeter wave regime to provide a high data rate for the user. In this challenging part of the spectrum, the new antenna systems must be characterized to comply with 3GPP rules. This paper addresses a part of the metrological challenges, which is the measuring of the beam steer execution time.
{"title":"Measurement Method for Beam Steer Execution Time","authors":"T. Harz, T. Kleine-Ostmann","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844098","url":null,"abstract":"For the last thirty years, data rates in mobile networks have been increasing. To satisfy the demand for mobile data transfer, the use of mobile networks has to be more effective and more frequency bandwidth has to be allocated. In the already heavily used sub-6-GHz spectrum, no additional bandwidth is available. Therefore, the mobile network has to operate in the millimeter wave regime to provide a high data rate for the user. In this challenging part of the spectrum, the new antenna systems must be characterized to comply with 3GPP rules. This paper addresses a part of the metrological challenges, which is the measuring of the beam steer execution time.","PeriodicalId":266876,"journal":{"name":"2022 98th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127919088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844049
Shipra, M. Rawat
In this paper, a self-interference cancellation method is contemplated to remove the self-interference signal using the pilot-based channel estimation technique in MIMO full-duplex system. Since the most prominent issue in implementing MIMO full-duplex system is both hardware nonlinearities and signal interference. The proposed approach is utilized to significantly cope with self-interference due to other channels in the same chip of the MIMO system. Specifically, we offer a two-step procedure to estimate the channel between the desired output and signal of interest and the channel with desired output and an interfering signal. In the next step, perform self-interference cancellation. Numerical evaluation of the technique shows that the bit-error rate was reduced from an order of 10-1 to an order of 10-4, and the error vector magnitude was reduced from -6dB to a value of-35 dB.
{"title":"Self-interference cancellation in Full-Duplex MIMO System","authors":"Shipra, M. Rawat","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG52954.2022.9844049","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a self-interference cancellation method is contemplated to remove the self-interference signal using the pilot-based channel estimation technique in MIMO full-duplex system. Since the most prominent issue in implementing MIMO full-duplex system is both hardware nonlinearities and signal interference. The proposed approach is utilized to significantly cope with self-interference due to other channels in the same chip of the MIMO system. Specifically, we offer a two-step procedure to estimate the channel between the desired output and signal of interest and the channel with desired output and an interfering signal. In the next step, perform self-interference cancellation. Numerical evaluation of the technique shows that the bit-error rate was reduced from an order of 10-1 to an order of 10-4, and the error vector magnitude was reduced from -6dB to a value of-35 dB.","PeriodicalId":266876,"journal":{"name":"2022 98th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130271257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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