Pub Date : 2002-08-06DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.907865
S. Rutz, T. Korosi, F. Mitschke
Solitons in optical fibers are as close to unbreakable as light pulses ever get. They can be formed from a wide range of initial conditions. They survive severe perturbations like collisions with one another, spectral filtering, or even attenuation with subsequent amplification-in other words, they exhibit particle-like properties. Their remarkable stability makes them promising as bits of optical information.
{"title":"Manipulation of soliton ensembles by spectral filtering","authors":"S. Rutz, T. Korosi, F. Mitschke","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.907865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.907865","url":null,"abstract":"Solitons in optical fibers are as close to unbreakable as light pulses ever get. They can be formed from a wide range of initial conditions. They survive severe perturbations like collisions with one another, spectral filtering, or even attenuation with subsequent amplification-in other words, they exhibit particle-like properties. Their remarkable stability makes them promising as bits of optical information.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115221284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.923943
M. Raizen
We report recent results and progress on the use of optical dipole potentials for quantum state preparation in the study of quantum chaos in mixed phase space, and for detection and feedback control of atomic motion.
{"title":"Quantum transport of atoms in optical lattices","authors":"M. Raizen","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.923943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.923943","url":null,"abstract":"We report recent results and progress on the use of optical dipole potentials for quantum state preparation in the study of quantum chaos in mixed phase space, and for detection and feedback control of atomic motion.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125749827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-15DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.908167
P. Borri, W. Langbein, U. Woggon, J. R. Jensen, J. Hvam
Summary form only given. Due to the possibility of realizing strong exciton-photon coupling in semiconductor microcavities, one could expect that also biexcitons are strongly modified by polariton effects, leading to formation of bipolaritons. In this work, we have investigated the nonlinear optical properties of a high-quality quantum well (QW) microcavity in time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy at T=5 K. The sample consists of a 25 nm GaAs single QW in the center of a wedged /spl lambda/-cavity with AlAs-AlGaAs Bragg reflectors.
{"title":"Biexcitons or bipolaritons in a semiconductor microcavity?","authors":"P. Borri, W. Langbein, U. Woggon, J. R. Jensen, J. Hvam","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.908167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.908167","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Due to the possibility of realizing strong exciton-photon coupling in semiconductor microcavities, one could expect that also biexcitons are strongly modified by polariton effects, leading to formation of bipolaritons. In this work, we have investigated the nonlinear optical properties of a high-quality quantum well (QW) microcavity in time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy at T=5 K. The sample consists of a 25 nm GaAs single QW in the center of a wedged /spl lambda/-cavity with AlAs-AlGaAs Bragg reflectors.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115162383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-11DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.907787
G. Zinner, T. Binnewies, F. Riehle, E. Tiemann
Photoassociative spectroscopy using laser cooled atoms proved to be a powerful tool for the determination of atomic properties such as excited state lifetimes and ground state scattering lengths. The most abundant isotopes of alkaline earths show a non-degenerate ground state with no hyperfine splitting, which is expected to simplify their photoassociation spectra to a great extent. This advantage in the theoretical description is paid for by difficulties in the experimental observation of photoassociation. The ensembles of laser cooled alkaline earths are less cold and less dense than those of e.g. alkalines which were used in most of the photoassociation experiments until now. Photoassociation of Ca is achieved by exciting atomic pairs to the B/sup 1//spl Sigma//sub n//sup +/ excited state of Ca corresponding to an atomic pair 4s/sup 2/ /sup 1/S/sub 0/+4s4p /sup 1/P/sub 1/ at large nuclear distances R. The dimer is bound by the resonant dipole interaction. Due to acceleration in this R/sup -3/-potential, atoms decaying at a smaller nuclear distance usually have sufficient kinetic energy to leave the magneto-optical trap. By measuring the trap loss dependent on the frequency of a photoassociation laser red-detuned to the /sup 1/S/sub 0/-/sup 1/P/sub 1/ transition we resolved the vibrational and rotational structure of the molecule. From the positions of the observed vibrational levels, corrected for the partially unresolved rotational structure and the thermal energy distribution of the ground state atoms, the atomic radiation decay rate /spl gamma/=2.180(11)/spl middot/10/sup 8/ s/sup -1/ of level 4s4p /sup 1/P/sub 1/ is derived with an uncertainty reduced by nearly one order of magnitude compared to previous measurements.
{"title":"Photoassociation of cold Ca atoms","authors":"G. Zinner, T. Binnewies, F. Riehle, E. Tiemann","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.907787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.907787","url":null,"abstract":"Photoassociative spectroscopy using laser cooled atoms proved to be a powerful tool for the determination of atomic properties such as excited state lifetimes and ground state scattering lengths. The most abundant isotopes of alkaline earths show a non-degenerate ground state with no hyperfine splitting, which is expected to simplify their photoassociation spectra to a great extent. This advantage in the theoretical description is paid for by difficulties in the experimental observation of photoassociation. The ensembles of laser cooled alkaline earths are less cold and less dense than those of e.g. alkalines which were used in most of the photoassociation experiments until now. Photoassociation of Ca is achieved by exciting atomic pairs to the B/sup 1//spl Sigma//sub n//sup +/ excited state of Ca corresponding to an atomic pair 4s/sup 2/ /sup 1/S/sub 0/+4s4p /sup 1/P/sub 1/ at large nuclear distances R. The dimer is bound by the resonant dipole interaction. Due to acceleration in this R/sup -3/-potential, atoms decaying at a smaller nuclear distance usually have sufficient kinetic energy to leave the magneto-optical trap. By measuring the trap loss dependent on the frequency of a photoassociation laser red-detuned to the /sup 1/S/sub 0/-/sup 1/P/sub 1/ transition we resolved the vibrational and rotational structure of the molecule. From the positions of the observed vibrational levels, corrected for the partially unresolved rotational structure and the thermal energy distribution of the ground state atoms, the atomic radiation decay rate /spl gamma/=2.180(11)/spl middot/10/sup 8/ s/sup -1/ of level 4s4p /sup 1/P/sub 1/ is derived with an uncertainty reduced by nearly one order of magnitude compared to previous measurements.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130528135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.907854
S. Grésillon, G. von Plessen, J. Feldmann, J. Porstendorfer, K. Berg, G. Berg
Due to their small size, metal nanoparticles are expected to show confined vibrational modes with discrete frequencies. In fact, time-resolved optical pump-probe experiments on metal nanoparticles have revealed periodic signal modulations with frequencies consistent with the lowest (n=1) vibrational breathing mode. Higher (n>1) vibrational modes have not been observed, presumably due to their smaller vibration amplitudes. The vibrations in these experiments have been argued to be excited by the thermal expansion of the particle following the lattice heating by the pump laser pulse. We show that vibrational wave packets consisting of up to five vibrational breathing modes (n=1...5) are observed in femtosecond optical pump-probe experiments on spherical silver nanoparticles. The spectral distribution of the wave packets shows that lattice heating is not the only mechanism driving the particle expansion; there is also a considerable electronic contribution.
{"title":"Vibrational wave packets in metal nanoparticles","authors":"S. Grésillon, G. von Plessen, J. Feldmann, J. Porstendorfer, K. Berg, G. Berg","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.907854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.907854","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their small size, metal nanoparticles are expected to show confined vibrational modes with discrete frequencies. In fact, time-resolved optical pump-probe experiments on metal nanoparticles have revealed periodic signal modulations with frequencies consistent with the lowest (n=1) vibrational breathing mode. Higher (n>1) vibrational modes have not been observed, presumably due to their smaller vibration amplitudes. The vibrations in these experiments have been argued to be excited by the thermal expansion of the particle following the lattice heating by the pump laser pulse. We show that vibrational wave packets consisting of up to five vibrational breathing modes (n=1...5) are observed in femtosecond optical pump-probe experiments on spherical silver nanoparticles. The spectral distribution of the wave packets shows that lattice heating is not the only mechanism driving the particle expansion; there is also a considerable electronic contribution.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115683191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.907827
G. Oppo, A. Scroggie, S. Sinclair, I. Rabbiosi, M. Brambilla
Summary form only given. Spatially extended degenerate cw optical parametric oscillators (DOPOs) are predicted to display a rich variety of spatio-temporal behaviour in two transverse dimensions. Typical examples are the dynamical scaling of phase domains, randomly distributed cavity solitons, formation of spatial patterns and optical turbulence. Many of these features can be difficult to observe in real devices since they require input energies which are too large. Here we show that in the case of a higher finesse for the pump field than for the signal field, complex spatio-temporal phenomena can move extremely close to the signal generation threshold thus making their experimental observation more feasible.
{"title":"Low-threshold spatial solitons and instabilities in optical parametric oscillators","authors":"G. Oppo, A. Scroggie, S. Sinclair, I. Rabbiosi, M. Brambilla","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.907827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.907827","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Spatially extended degenerate cw optical parametric oscillators (DOPOs) are predicted to display a rich variety of spatio-temporal behaviour in two transverse dimensions. Typical examples are the dynamical scaling of phase domains, randomly distributed cavity solitons, formation of spatial patterns and optical turbulence. Many of these features can be difficult to observe in real devices since they require input energies which are too large. Here we show that in the case of a higher finesse for the pump field than for the signal field, complex spatio-temporal phenomena can move extremely close to the signal generation threshold thus making their experimental observation more feasible.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123039112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.908143
V. Kalosha, J. Herrmann
High-order stimulated Raman scattering has been known for many years and provides an efficient transfer to a tremendously broad spectrum with many lines spreading from the far IR to the extreme UV. The aim to use this broadband spectrum for sub-fs pulse generation raises several fundamental questions: Are the Raman lines phase locked and is the generation of trains of sub-fs pulses or single sub-fs pulses possible? We explore this subject for realistic conditions with ps- and sub-ps excitation, with the account of linear dispersion and the Kerr effect and without the usually applied approximations. We find that SRS does not lead to phase locking. For ps-pulse excitation pulse trains with chirped pulses not shorter than /spl ap/2 fs are generated. With a broadband phase modulator these pulses can be shortened below 1 fs. For shorter sub-ps input pulses we show a novel feature in SRS as the generation of quasi-continuous spectra and the possibility to generate single sub-fs pulses by external phase control.
{"title":"Phase relations, quasi-continuous spectra and sub-fs pulses in stimulated Raman scattering","authors":"V. Kalosha, J. Herrmann","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.908143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.908143","url":null,"abstract":"High-order stimulated Raman scattering has been known for many years and provides an efficient transfer to a tremendously broad spectrum with many lines spreading from the far IR to the extreme UV. The aim to use this broadband spectrum for sub-fs pulse generation raises several fundamental questions: Are the Raman lines phase locked and is the generation of trains of sub-fs pulses or single sub-fs pulses possible? We explore this subject for realistic conditions with ps- and sub-ps excitation, with the account of linear dispersion and the Kerr effect and without the usually applied approximations. We find that SRS does not lead to phase locking. For ps-pulse excitation pulse trains with chirped pulses not shorter than /spl ap/2 fs are generated. With a broadband phase modulator these pulses can be shortened below 1 fs. For shorter sub-ps input pulses we show a novel feature in SRS as the generation of quasi-continuous spectra and the possibility to generate single sub-fs pulses by external phase control.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114677047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.908055
E. Sarantopoulou, A. Cefalas
Dissociation dynamics of the RNA and DNA bases, thymine, cytosine, adenine and guanine with VUV and ultraviolet UV radiation, is of particular interest due to the availability of excimer lasers. The value of the absorption coefficient of the four bases in the UV is of the order of 104 cm/sup -1/ and therefore the one photon absorption probability is very high. At these wavelengths the complete breaking of the chemical bonds of the bases is taking place. The parent molecules disintegrate to small photofragments, atomic, diatomic or triatomic, which are flying apart with supersonic speed. We report on the the mass spectroscopic characteristics of DNA and RNA bases at 157, 193 and 248 nm, using pulsed discharge lasers. The studies reveal that even at low laser energy of 0.5 mJ and energy fluence of 0.2 mJ/cm/sup 2/, there is a complete breaking of the chemical bonds at these wavelengths. For 157 and 193 nm only photofragments with the ratio of m/e lower than 30 amu were observed. The molecular photofragments from the photodissociation of the parent monomer were observed mainly between 20 and 30 amu. Photofragments with two carbon and nitrogen atoms have a relatively higher probability to be dissociated from the parent monomer, than heavier photofragments with four carbon atoms. The DNA and RNA bases dissociate into fragments with the predominant mass at 28 amu for both laser wavelengths. This is a rather common response for molecules having the amide group. Therefore the amide group is mainly involved in the photodissociation process at least for wavelengths shorter than 248 nm.
{"title":"157, 193 and 248 nm structural damage of the DNA and RNA bases","authors":"E. Sarantopoulou, A. Cefalas","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.908055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.908055","url":null,"abstract":"Dissociation dynamics of the RNA and DNA bases, thymine, cytosine, adenine and guanine with VUV and ultraviolet UV radiation, is of particular interest due to the availability of excimer lasers. The value of the absorption coefficient of the four bases in the UV is of the order of 104 cm/sup -1/ and therefore the one photon absorption probability is very high. At these wavelengths the complete breaking of the chemical bonds of the bases is taking place. The parent molecules disintegrate to small photofragments, atomic, diatomic or triatomic, which are flying apart with supersonic speed. We report on the the mass spectroscopic characteristics of DNA and RNA bases at 157, 193 and 248 nm, using pulsed discharge lasers. The studies reveal that even at low laser energy of 0.5 mJ and energy fluence of 0.2 mJ/cm/sup 2/, there is a complete breaking of the chemical bonds at these wavelengths. For 157 and 193 nm only photofragments with the ratio of m/e lower than 30 amu were observed. The molecular photofragments from the photodissociation of the parent monomer were observed mainly between 20 and 30 amu. Photofragments with two carbon and nitrogen atoms have a relatively higher probability to be dissociated from the parent monomer, than heavier photofragments with four carbon atoms. The DNA and RNA bases dissociate into fragments with the predominant mass at 28 amu for both laser wavelengths. This is a rather common response for molecules having the amide group. Therefore the amide group is mainly involved in the photodissociation process at least for wavelengths shorter than 248 nm.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127542666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.908009
A. Vladimirov, G. Khodova, N. Rosanov
Summary form only given. Localized structures of laser radiation (laser autosolitons) arising in the transverse section of wide aperture nonlinear optical devices are of fundamental interest and have potential applications in information processing. Recently interaction of localized solutions and stability of their bounded states were studied in the framework of quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. We consider interaction of two weakly overlapping 1D autosolitons (ASs) in a model of a laser with a saturable absorber.
{"title":"Stable bounded autosoliton states in a laser with a saturable absorber","authors":"A. Vladimirov, G. Khodova, N. Rosanov","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.908009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.908009","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Localized structures of laser radiation (laser autosolitons) arising in the transverse section of wide aperture nonlinear optical devices are of fundamental interest and have potential applications in information processing. Recently interaction of localized solutions and stability of their bounded states were studied in the framework of quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. We consider interaction of two weakly overlapping 1D autosolitons (ASs) in a model of a laser with a saturable absorber.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"423 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123270249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.907861
S. Coen, M. Haelterman
Summary form only given. We have, for the first time, implemented the paradigmatic Lugiato and Lefever (LL) model thanks to a passive fiber cavity and we have observed the generation of steady-state temporal dissipative structures in the form of cw pulse trains. Interests of this work range fiom fundamental studies of dissipative systems to applications in telecommunications.
{"title":"Generation of temporal dissipative structures in a continuous-wave pumped passive nonlinear optical fiber ring cavity","authors":"S. Coen, M. Haelterman","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.907861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.907861","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. We have, for the first time, implemented the paradigmatic Lugiato and Lefever (LL) model thanks to a passive fiber cavity and we have observed the generation of steady-state temporal dissipative structures in the form of cw pulse trains. Interests of this work range fiom fundamental studies of dissipative systems to applications in telecommunications.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125577400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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