Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.907841
V. Albanis, V. Fedotov, K. Macdonald, V. Emelyanov, N. Zheludev, R. Knize, B. Zhdanov, A. Rode
Gallium-silica interfaces have emerged as a new type of structure that combines a strong nonlinearity with picosecond switching-on time. Here we report that the optical nonlinearity of gallium films deposited on fused silica by ultrafast pulsed laser ablation is very broadband, spanning from 480 nm to 810 nm.
{"title":"Gigantic broadband optical nonlinearity in gallium films deposited by ultrafast laser ablation","authors":"V. Albanis, V. Fedotov, K. Macdonald, V. Emelyanov, N. Zheludev, R. Knize, B. Zhdanov, A. Rode","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.907841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.907841","url":null,"abstract":"Gallium-silica interfaces have emerged as a new type of structure that combines a strong nonlinearity with picosecond switching-on time. Here we report that the optical nonlinearity of gallium films deposited on fused silica by ultrafast pulsed laser ablation is very broadband, spanning from 480 nm to 810 nm.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126219077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.907969
H. Powell, W. Irvine, M. V. van Eijkelenborg, D. M. Segal, R. Thompson
We have performed a study of quantum jumps in single magnesium ions held in a Penning trap. This system is unusual in that quantum jumps may be observed using only a single laser frequency which serves to laser cool the ion (providing fluorescence for detection), shelve the ion in a metastable state (via an off-resonant Raman transition) and also to repump the ion from the metastable state back into the cooling cycle (again via a Raman transition). Single /sup 24/Mg/sup +/ ions have been studied in a Penning trap before but we have predicted and now observed a number of interesting effects that occur only in /sup 25/Mg/sup +/. We have also trapped single ions of /sup 26/Mg/sup +/ and confirmed that their quantum jump behaviour is similar to that of /sup 24/Mg/sup +/ as expected. The novel features in the behaviour of /sup 25/Mg/sup +/ are due to the presence of hyperfine structure in this ion.
{"title":"Studies of quantum jumps in a single /sup 25/Mg/sup +/ ion held in a Penning trap","authors":"H. Powell, W. Irvine, M. V. van Eijkelenborg, D. M. Segal, R. Thompson","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.907969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.907969","url":null,"abstract":"We have performed a study of quantum jumps in single magnesium ions held in a Penning trap. This system is unusual in that quantum jumps may be observed using only a single laser frequency which serves to laser cool the ion (providing fluorescence for detection), shelve the ion in a metastable state (via an off-resonant Raman transition) and also to repump the ion from the metastable state back into the cooling cycle (again via a Raman transition). Single /sup 24/Mg/sup +/ ions have been studied in a Penning trap before but we have predicted and now observed a number of interesting effects that occur only in /sup 25/Mg/sup +/. We have also trapped single ions of /sup 26/Mg/sup +/ and confirmed that their quantum jump behaviour is similar to that of /sup 24/Mg/sup +/ as expected. The novel features in the behaviour of /sup 25/Mg/sup +/ are due to the presence of hyperfine structure in this ion.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122205605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.907917
E. Sarantopoulou, A. Cefalas, A. Vourdas
Electron on-off switching in mercury triatomic clusters was demonstrated from quantum beat experiments. For any excited electronic state of volcanic shape, the energy levels split due to the translational symmetry within the potential energy surface, in a symmetric and an anti-symmetric component. The amount of the energy splitting depends on the energy position from the top of the barrier of the volcanic shape. The energy splitting is estimated from quantum beat experiments. We have used a molecular fluorine laser at 157 nm to form molecular triatomic clusters in their excited electronic state. From the period of the quantum interference during de-excitation at 385, 445 and 485 nm it is estimated that the splitting of the energy levels near the barrier is /spl sim/10/sup -5/ eV. Therefore by selective excitation of the energy levels, modulation of the electron tunneling probability in volcanic barriers and hence quantum on-off switching operation is taking place.
{"title":"Electron quantum on-off switching in mercury triatomic clusters","authors":"E. Sarantopoulou, A. Cefalas, A. Vourdas","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.907917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.907917","url":null,"abstract":"Electron on-off switching in mercury triatomic clusters was demonstrated from quantum beat experiments. For any excited electronic state of volcanic shape, the energy levels split due to the translational symmetry within the potential energy surface, in a symmetric and an anti-symmetric component. The amount of the energy splitting depends on the energy position from the top of the barrier of the volcanic shape. The energy splitting is estimated from quantum beat experiments. We have used a molecular fluorine laser at 157 nm to form molecular triatomic clusters in their excited electronic state. From the period of the quantum interference during de-excitation at 385, 445 and 485 nm it is estimated that the splitting of the energy levels near the barrier is /spl sim/10/sup -5/ eV. Therefore by selective excitation of the energy levels, modulation of the electron tunneling probability in volcanic barriers and hence quantum on-off switching operation is taking place.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122246041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.908158
G. Šlekys, I. Ganne, I. Sagnes, R. Kuszelewicz
Summary form only given. Optical bistability has raised a sustained interest in the 1990s. However it is commonly admitted that transverse mechanisms such as diffraction and carrier diffusion can seriously limit the applications developed in the frame of a plane wave (PW) analysis in increasing the energy consumption or introducing crosstalk mechanisms. In particular, several authors have predicted the existence of switching waves arising from the spatial coexistence of two different PW solutions, connected by an inhomogeneous intensity profile. We report on the first experimental observation of transverse switching waves in a passive resonator hosting a fast nonlinear active medium in a resonator composed by two Bragg mirrors.
{"title":"Switching waves and spatio-temporal dynamics in bistable microresonators","authors":"G. Šlekys, I. Ganne, I. Sagnes, R. Kuszelewicz","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.908158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.908158","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Optical bistability has raised a sustained interest in the 1990s. However it is commonly admitted that transverse mechanisms such as diffraction and carrier diffusion can seriously limit the applications developed in the frame of a plane wave (PW) analysis in increasing the energy consumption or introducing crosstalk mechanisms. In particular, several authors have predicted the existence of switching waves arising from the spatial coexistence of two different PW solutions, connected by an inhomogeneous intensity profile. We report on the first experimental observation of transverse switching waves in a passive resonator hosting a fast nonlinear active medium in a resonator composed by two Bragg mirrors.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125730053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.907792
T. Baier, I. Malchartzek, H. Ebensing, H. Harde
We report on the observation of dark resonances originating from the characteristic motion of Paul trapped ions and we present measurements of the ion cloud distribution which at higher densities is found to form a "hollow ball". We discuss an expanded model for the motion and space distribution of ions in a large trap.
{"title":"Motion-induced dark resonance and density distribution in a Paul-trap","authors":"T. Baier, I. Malchartzek, H. Ebensing, H. Harde","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.907792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.907792","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the observation of dark resonances originating from the characteristic motion of Paul trapped ions and we present measurements of the ion cloud distribution which at higher densities is found to form a \"hollow ball\". We discuss an expanded model for the motion and space distribution of ions in a large trap.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"249 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126045090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.908030
G. D’Aguanno, M. Centini, C. Sibilia, M. Bertolotti, M. Scalora, M. Bloemer, C. Bowden, J. Haus
One of the most intriguing aspects related to the /spl chi//sup (2)/ response of PBG crystals that still remains unresolved is the possibility of greatly enhancing the conversion efficiency of nonlinear processes. The enhancement of SHG is perhaps the best example. The processes that we discuss owe their increased efficiency to the simultaneous availability of: (1) exact phase matching conditions (1); and (2) high localization of the fields with frequencies tuned at transmission resonances near the photonic band edge. The nonlinear dynamics of the field envelopes in the SHG case may be described by a first order perturbative approach. As an example we calculate the second harmonic conversion efficiency of a new type of blue laser that could operate in the 400 nm range, based on a one-dimensional PBG structure.
{"title":"Enhanced /spl chi//sup (2)/ interactions near the band-edge of finite, one-dimensioaal photonic band gap structures","authors":"G. D’Aguanno, M. Centini, C. Sibilia, M. Bertolotti, M. Scalora, M. Bloemer, C. Bowden, J. Haus","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.908030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.908030","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most intriguing aspects related to the /spl chi//sup (2)/ response of PBG crystals that still remains unresolved is the possibility of greatly enhancing the conversion efficiency of nonlinear processes. The enhancement of SHG is perhaps the best example. The processes that we discuss owe their increased efficiency to the simultaneous availability of: (1) exact phase matching conditions (1); and (2) high localization of the fields with frequencies tuned at transmission resonances near the photonic band edge. The nonlinear dynamics of the field envelopes in the SHG case may be described by a first order perturbative approach. As an example we calculate the second harmonic conversion efficiency of a new type of blue laser that could operate in the 400 nm range, based on a one-dimensional PBG structure.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114128583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.908177
J. Collier, D. Neely, R. Allott, C. Danson, S. Hawkes, Z. Najmudin, R. Kingham, Karl Krushelnick, A. Dangor
Summary form only given. A chirped pulse amplification laser configuration capable of particle acceleration through the driving of a plasma beatwave into saturation before modulation instabilities can grow is reported. The configuration is based on generating a single sub-ps, broad bandwidth pulse (/spl sim/16 nm) and stretching and filtering to select two wavelength components (separation /spl sim/7 nm). The two spectral components are temporally stretched (to >100 ps) and separated (by /spl sim/1 ns). The pulses are then amplified in a single Nd:glass chain to greater than 15 J per pulse. Using a single pass reflective grating compressor the pulses are temporally compressed to between 2 and 5 ps and automatically synchronised. Moreover, the system is capable of introducing a chirp into the actual beat, such that the compressed pulses can compensate for relativistic detuning of the plasma wave. The optimum laser amplification and recombination configuration for generating a saturated laser driven beatwave is presented and options for future work discussed.
{"title":"Simultaneous dual wavelength CPA operation of the vulcan laser for particle acceleration experiments","authors":"J. Collier, D. Neely, R. Allott, C. Danson, S. Hawkes, Z. Najmudin, R. Kingham, Karl Krushelnick, A. Dangor","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.908177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.908177","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. A chirped pulse amplification laser configuration capable of particle acceleration through the driving of a plasma beatwave into saturation before modulation instabilities can grow is reported. The configuration is based on generating a single sub-ps, broad bandwidth pulse (/spl sim/16 nm) and stretching and filtering to select two wavelength components (separation /spl sim/7 nm). The two spectral components are temporally stretched (to >100 ps) and separated (by /spl sim/1 ns). The pulses are then amplified in a single Nd:glass chain to greater than 15 J per pulse. Using a single pass reflective grating compressor the pulses are temporally compressed to between 2 and 5 ps and automatically synchronised. Moreover, the system is capable of introducing a chirp into the actual beat, such that the compressed pulses can compensate for relativistic detuning of the plasma wave. The optimum laser amplification and recombination configuration for generating a saturated laser driven beatwave is presented and options for future work discussed.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114238384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.908188
S. Bagayev, S. Chepurov, V. M. Klementyev, S. Kuznetsov, V. Pivtsov, V. F. Zakharyash
Summary form only given, as follows. The creation of a highly stable femtosecond self-mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser using simultaneous stabilization of the frequency of intermode beats and optical frequency is reported. The frequency stability of intermode beats is 10/sup -14/ in 1000 s is obtained. The results of using this laser for the synthesis and measurement of optical frequencies or the difference of optical frequencies in IR, visible, and UV spectral ranges are presented. The principles of creation of a femtosecond optical clock with the use of the frequency of He-Ne/CH/sub 4/-standard as a reference are discussed.
{"title":"Highly stable femtosecond laser for synthesis and measurement of optical frequencies","authors":"S. Bagayev, S. Chepurov, V. M. Klementyev, S. Kuznetsov, V. Pivtsov, V. F. Zakharyash","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.908188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.908188","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given, as follows. The creation of a highly stable femtosecond self-mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser using simultaneous stabilization of the frequency of intermode beats and optical frequency is reported. The frequency stability of intermode beats is 10/sup -14/ in 1000 s is obtained. The results of using this laser for the synthesis and measurement of optical frequencies or the difference of optical frequencies in IR, visible, and UV spectral ranges are presented. The principles of creation of a femtosecond optical clock with the use of the frequency of He-Ne/CH/sub 4/-standard as a reference are discussed.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121721708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.908194
D. Jackson
In this presentation three rather different types of fibre optic probe for medical applications are presented: temperature profile monitoring based upon a multiplexed array of fibre Bragg gratings (FBG); FBG ultrasonic probe; miniature pressure sensor based on a Fizeau cavity.
{"title":"Fibre Bragg gratings and fibre interferometers for medical applications","authors":"D. Jackson","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.908194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.908194","url":null,"abstract":"In this presentation three rather different types of fibre optic probe for medical applications are presented: temperature profile monitoring based upon a multiplexed array of fibre Bragg gratings (FBG); FBG ultrasonic probe; miniature pressure sensor based on a Fizeau cavity.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124899754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/IQEC.2000.907977
N. Friedman, L. Khaykovich, S. Baluschev, R. Ozeri, A. Kaplan, D. Fathi, N. Davidson
Summary form only given. Cold atoms are trapped in a dark optical trap which is created by a rapidly (up to 400 kHz) scanning far-detuned laser beam, where the scanning speed is much faster then any characteristic atomic motional time scale. This concept offers the possibility to form nearly arbitrary-shaped effective optical potentials and also to change them in real time. We report on spectroscopic and dynamical measurements in such a rotating beam trap.
{"title":"Sensitive spectroscopy and atom dynamics in a single beam optical trap","authors":"N. Friedman, L. Khaykovich, S. Baluschev, R. Ozeri, A. Kaplan, D. Fathi, N. Davidson","doi":"10.1109/IQEC.2000.907977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IQEC.2000.907977","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Cold atoms are trapped in a dark optical trap which is created by a rapidly (up to 400 kHz) scanning far-detuned laser beam, where the scanning speed is much faster then any characteristic atomic motional time scale. This concept offers the possibility to form nearly arbitrary-shaped effective optical potentials and also to change them in real time. We report on spectroscopic and dynamical measurements in such a rotating beam trap.","PeriodicalId":267372,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 International Quantum Electronics Conference (Cat. No.00TH8504)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121523177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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