Marko Jurmu, Masaki Ogawa, Sebastian Boring, J. Riekki, H. Tokuda
Multipurpose public displays are a promising platform, but more understanding is required in how users perceive and engage them. In this paper, we present and discuss results and findings from a two-day descriptive field trial with a multipurpose public display prototype called FluiD. Our main objective was to uncover emerging issues of interaction to inform future evaluations. During the field trial within a public research exhibition, people were able to freely interact with the prototype. Twenty-six persons filled out short questionnaires and gave free-form feedback. In addition, researchers in the vicinity of the display gathered observation data. Our main findings include the difficulties encountered with mid-air gesture commands, the lack of agency in case of larger interaction area, and the possibility for stepping out from the implicit-explicit continuum in the face of potential social conflicts.
{"title":"Waving to a touch interface: descriptive field study of a multipurpose multimodal public display","authors":"Marko Jurmu, Masaki Ogawa, Sebastian Boring, J. Riekki, H. Tokuda","doi":"10.1145/2491568.2491571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2491568.2491571","url":null,"abstract":"Multipurpose public displays are a promising platform, but more understanding is required in how users perceive and engage them. In this paper, we present and discuss results and findings from a two-day descriptive field trial with a multipurpose public display prototype called FluiD. Our main objective was to uncover emerging issues of interaction to inform future evaluations. During the field trial within a public research exhibition, people were able to freely interact with the prototype. Twenty-six persons filled out short questionnaires and gave free-form feedback. In addition, researchers in the vicinity of the display gathered observation data. Our main findings include the difficulties encountered with mid-air gesture commands, the lack of agency in case of larger interaction area, and the possibility for stepping out from the implicit-explicit continuum in the face of potential social conflicts.","PeriodicalId":268325,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127045252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Broy, Florian Alt, Stefan Schneegass, N. Henze, A. Schmidt
3D displays are hitting the mass market. They are integrated in consumer TVs, notebooks, and mobile phones and are mainly used for virtual reality as well as video content. We see large potential in using depth also for structuring information. Our specific use case is 3D displays integrated in cars. The capabilities of such displays could be used to present relevant information to the driver in a fast and easy-to-understand way, e.g., by functionality-based clustering. However, excessive parallaxes can cause discomfort and in turn negatively influence the primary driving task. This requires a reasonable choice of parallax boundaries. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we identify the comfort zone when perceiving 3D content. Second, we determine a minimum depth distance between objects that still enables users to quickly and accurately separate the two depth planes. The results yield that in terms of task completion time the optimum distance from screen level is up to 35.9 arc-min angular disparity behind the screen plane. A distance of at least 2.7 arc-min difference in angular disparity between the objects significantly decreases time for layer separation. Based on the results we derive design implications.
{"title":"Perceiving layered information on 3D displays using binocular disparity","authors":"N. Broy, Florian Alt, Stefan Schneegass, N. Henze, A. Schmidt","doi":"10.1145/2491568.2491582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2491568.2491582","url":null,"abstract":"3D displays are hitting the mass market. They are integrated in consumer TVs, notebooks, and mobile phones and are mainly used for virtual reality as well as video content. We see large potential in using depth also for structuring information. Our specific use case is 3D displays integrated in cars. The capabilities of such displays could be used to present relevant information to the driver in a fast and easy-to-understand way, e.g., by functionality-based clustering. However, excessive parallaxes can cause discomfort and in turn negatively influence the primary driving task. This requires a reasonable choice of parallax boundaries. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we identify the comfort zone when perceiving 3D content. Second, we determine a minimum depth distance between objects that still enables users to quickly and accurately separate the two depth planes. The results yield that in terms of task completion time the optimum distance from screen level is up to 35.9 arc-min angular disparity behind the screen plane. A distance of at least 2.7 arc-min difference in angular disparity between the objects significantly decreases time for layer separation. Based on the results we derive design implications.","PeriodicalId":268325,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117179470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazjon Grace, Rainer Wasinger, C. Ackad, Anthony Collins, Oliver Dawson, Richard Gluga, J. Kay, M. Tomitsch
Successfully conveying the interactivity of a Public Information Display (PID) can be the difference between a display that is used or not used by its audience. In this paper, we present an interactive PID called 'Cruiser Ribbon' that targets pedestrian traffic. We outline our interactive PID installation, the visual cues used to alert people of the display's interactivity, the interaction mechanisms with which people can interact with the display, and our approach to presenting rich content that is hierarchical in nature and thus navigable along multiple dimensions. This is followed by a field study on the effectiveness of different mechanisms to convey display interactivity. Results from this work show that users are significantly more likely to notice an interactive display when a dynamic skeletal representation of the user is combined with a visual spotlight effect (+8% more users) or a follow-me effect (+7% more users), compared to just the dynamic skeletal representation. Observation also suggests that - at least for interactive PIDs - the dynamic skeletal representation may be distracting users away from interacting with a display's actual content, and that individual interactivity cues are affected by group size.
{"title":"Conveying interactivity at an interactive public information display","authors":"Kazjon Grace, Rainer Wasinger, C. Ackad, Anthony Collins, Oliver Dawson, Richard Gluga, J. Kay, M. Tomitsch","doi":"10.1145/2491568.2491573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2491568.2491573","url":null,"abstract":"Successfully conveying the interactivity of a Public Information Display (PID) can be the difference between a display that is used or not used by its audience. In this paper, we present an interactive PID called 'Cruiser Ribbon' that targets pedestrian traffic. We outline our interactive PID installation, the visual cues used to alert people of the display's interactivity, the interaction mechanisms with which people can interact with the display, and our approach to presenting rich content that is hierarchical in nature and thus navigable along multiple dimensions. This is followed by a field study on the effectiveness of different mechanisms to convey display interactivity. Results from this work show that users are significantly more likely to notice an interactive display when a dynamic skeletal representation of the user is combined with a visual spotlight effect (+8% more users) or a follow-me effect (+7% more users), compared to just the dynamic skeletal representation. Observation also suggests that - at least for interactive PIDs - the dynamic skeletal representation may be distracting users away from interacting with a display's actual content, and that individual interactivity cues are affected by group size.","PeriodicalId":268325,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127257070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduces the Displaydrone, a novel system that combines a multicopter (flying robot) with a video projector and a mobile phone into a flying interactive display for projecting onto walls and arbitrary objects in physical space. Being quickly and flexibly deployed in open space, the Displaydrone allows the angle and direction of the projection to be adjusted on the fly. We realized the Displaydrone system with a custom-built octocopter, an off-the-shelf pico projector, an Android phone and went on flying. By carrying out an experimental evaluation we obtained first impressions on how the Displaydrone is perceived by a viewing audience. The paper highlights the findings and discusses the Displaydrone's potential for enabling new kinds of social group interactions in physical space.
{"title":"Displaydrone: a flying robot based interactive display","authors":"J. Scheible, Achim Hoth, Julian Saal, Haifeng Su","doi":"10.1145/2491568.2491580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2491568.2491580","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the Displaydrone, a novel system that combines a multicopter (flying robot) with a video projector and a mobile phone into a flying interactive display for projecting onto walls and arbitrary objects in physical space. Being quickly and flexibly deployed in open space, the Displaydrone allows the angle and direction of the projection to be adjusted on the fly. We realized the Displaydrone system with a custom-built octocopter, an off-the-shelf pico projector, an Android phone and went on flying. By carrying out an experimental evaluation we obtained first impressions on how the Displaydrone is perceived by a viewing audience. The paper highlights the findings and discusses the Displaydrone's potential for enabling new kinds of social group interactions in physical space.","PeriodicalId":268325,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125545624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nemanja Memarovic, K. Cheverst, Marc Langheinrich, Ivan Elhart, Florian Alt
Many design decisions need to be made when creating situated public displays that aim to serve a community. One such decision concerns access to its contents: should users be able to access content remotely, e.g., via a web page, or should this be limited to users who are co-located with the display? A similar decision has to be made for community content upload: do posters need to be co-located with the display or can posts be made from any location? In other words, content display and creation can be 'tethered' to a display or it can be 'free to roam', i.e., accessible from anywhere. In this paper we analyze prior community display deployments in an attempt to explore this space and produce a taxonomy that highlights the inherent design choices. Furthermore, we discuss some of the reasons that may underlie these choices and identify opportunities for design.
{"title":"Tethered or free to roam: the design space of limiting content access on community displays","authors":"Nemanja Memarovic, K. Cheverst, Marc Langheinrich, Ivan Elhart, Florian Alt","doi":"10.1145/2491568.2491596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2491568.2491596","url":null,"abstract":"Many design decisions need to be made when creating situated public displays that aim to serve a community. One such decision concerns access to its contents: should users be able to access content remotely, e.g., via a web page, or should this be limited to users who are co-located with the display? A similar decision has to be made for community content upload: do posters need to be co-located with the display or can posts be made from any location? In other words, content display and creation can be 'tethered' to a display or it can be 'free to roam', i.e., accessible from anywhere. In this paper we analyze prior community display deployments in an attempt to explore this space and produce a taxonomy that highlights the inherent design choices. Furthermore, we discuss some of the reasons that may underlie these choices and identify opportunities for design.","PeriodicalId":268325,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126579344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present work at a previously unexplored intersection of two research areas: proxemic interaction and multi-view display technologies. Multi-view proxemic systems concurrently deliver distinct views from a single display to different viewers depending on a combination of their angle to the display and their distance from it. In this paper we demonstrate the capability to design such an interactive system using only commodity hardware and software. We describe two systems and present results of two user studies with 18 participants. The studies are based on two real-world scenarios of a departure board and a video player (with sub-titles). Our results show that multi-view proxemic systems are accurate and that users find them useful and would use them if they were available. We also discuss some of the design and technological implications of our work.
{"title":"Multi-view proxemics: distance and position sensitive interaction","authors":"Jakub Dostal, P. Kristensson, A. Quigley","doi":"10.1145/2491568.2491570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2491568.2491570","url":null,"abstract":"We present work at a previously unexplored intersection of two research areas: proxemic interaction and multi-view display technologies. Multi-view proxemic systems concurrently deliver distinct views from a single display to different viewers depending on a combination of their angle to the display and their distance from it. In this paper we demonstrate the capability to design such an interactive system using only commodity hardware and software. We describe two systems and present results of two user studies with 18 participants. The studies are based on two real-world scenarios of a departure board and a video player (with sub-titles). Our results show that multi-view proxemic systems are accurate and that users find them useful and would use them if they were available. We also discuss some of the design and technological implications of our work.","PeriodicalId":268325,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130328047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moritz Behrens, A. Schieck, E. Kostopoulou, S. North, W. Motta, Lei Ye, Holger Schnädelbach
In this paper we focus on the spatial configuration and emergent social interactions in two locations in London mediated by interactive and networked urban displays. Our analysis draws upon interactions mediated through displays we implemented in the real world connecting four urban spaces [1]. We outline our case study and the methodology we implemented, including the analysis of the spatial layout on the micro/local scale in two sites, followed by the observations of social behavior and technologically mediated interactions by actors, spectators and passers-by during two community events, before finally outlining the following identified interaction zones: 1) direct interaction space surrounding the display (direct); 2) the surrounding public space (wide); and 3) across spatial boundaries i.e. the remotely connected space through networked displays (connected) over time. We highlight site-specific interactions and compare them to the more generic types of interactions, thus contributing to the understanding of mediated social interactions. We suggest that the properties of the spatial layout play a significant role and, to a certain extent, frame the type of interactions mediated through public displays. We highlight in particular the dynamic and interconnected nature of this mediation, defined through the spatial layout, people, type of social activities, and time of the day.
{"title":"Exploring the effect of spatial layout on mediated urban interactions","authors":"Moritz Behrens, A. Schieck, E. Kostopoulou, S. North, W. Motta, Lei Ye, Holger Schnädelbach","doi":"10.1145/2491568.2491586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2491568.2491586","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we focus on the spatial configuration and emergent social interactions in two locations in London mediated by interactive and networked urban displays. Our analysis draws upon interactions mediated through displays we implemented in the real world connecting four urban spaces [1]. We outline our case study and the methodology we implemented, including the analysis of the spatial layout on the micro/local scale in two sites, followed by the observations of social behavior and technologically mediated interactions by actors, spectators and passers-by during two community events, before finally outlining the following identified interaction zones: 1) direct interaction space surrounding the display (direct); 2) the surrounding public space (wide); and 3) across spatial boundaries i.e. the remotely connected space through networked displays (connected) over time. We highlight site-specific interactions and compare them to the more generic types of interactions, thus contributing to the understanding of mediated social interactions. We suggest that the properties of the spatial layout play a significant role and, to a certain extent, frame the type of interactions mediated through public displays. We highlight in particular the dynamic and interconnected nature of this mediation, defined through the spatial layout, people, type of social activities, and time of the day.","PeriodicalId":268325,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131324144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haeyong Chung, Sharon Lynn Chu Yew Yee, Chris North
In this paper, we investigate how a distributed model of sensemaking, spread out over multiple displays and devices, impacts the sensemaking process for the individual and for the group, and whether it provides any feasible opportunities for improving the quality and efficiency of sensemaking efforts. Our study compares the use of two display models for collaborative visual analytics, one based on the model of the personal displays with shared visualization spaces and the other based on the distributed model whereby different displays can be appropriated as workspaces in a unified manner by collocated teams. Although the general sensemaking workflow did not change across the two types of systems, we observed that the system based on the distributed model enabled a more transparent interaction for collaborations, and allowed for greater 'objectification' of information. Our findings have significant implications for how future visual analytics systems can be designed to motivate effective collaborative sensemaking.
{"title":"A comparison of two display models for collaborative sensemaking","authors":"Haeyong Chung, Sharon Lynn Chu Yew Yee, Chris North","doi":"10.1145/2491568.2491577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2491568.2491577","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate how a distributed model of sensemaking, spread out over multiple displays and devices, impacts the sensemaking process for the individual and for the group, and whether it provides any feasible opportunities for improving the quality and efficiency of sensemaking efforts. Our study compares the use of two display models for collaborative visual analytics, one based on the model of the personal displays with shared visualization spaces and the other based on the distributed model whereby different displays can be appropriated as workspaces in a unified manner by collocated teams. Although the general sensemaking workflow did not change across the two types of systems, we observed that the system based on the distributed model enabled a more transparent interaction for collaborations, and allowed for greater 'objectification' of information. Our findings have significant implications for how future visual analytics systems can be designed to motivate effective collaborative sensemaking.","PeriodicalId":268325,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116660654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Session details: Users and communities","authors":"R. Jose","doi":"10.1145/3254914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3254914","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":268325,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127025668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claude Fortin, Kate Hennessy, R. Baur, Pierre Fortin
The purpose of our research is to develop new interaction paradigms for dynamic digital displays (DDDs) in public space. Our lab is currently developing an ontological framework that comprises seven different interaction paradigms for DDDs. Still in its budding stages, this framework is intended to assist HCI practitioners in the conception and evaluation of architectural scale DDD installations. This paper theoretically discusses crossmodal interaction as one of these seven interaction paradigms. We used an architectural approach that draws on medium specificity --- a fine arts concept foreign to HCI --- to conduct a phenomenological analysis of DDDs that have been deployed in an actual public space in Montréal, Canada. After interviewing DDD design artists and performing our preliminary observational analyses, we found four design strategies that were used to produce crossmodal interaction on an architectural scale, helping shift the experience of DDDs beyond the vision paradigm.
{"title":"Beyond the vision paradigm: design strategies for crossmodal interaction with dynamic digital displays","authors":"Claude Fortin, Kate Hennessy, R. Baur, Pierre Fortin","doi":"10.1145/2491568.2491588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2491568.2491588","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of our research is to develop new interaction paradigms for dynamic digital displays (DDDs) in public space. Our lab is currently developing an ontological framework that comprises seven different interaction paradigms for DDDs. Still in its budding stages, this framework is intended to assist HCI practitioners in the conception and evaluation of architectural scale DDD installations. This paper theoretically discusses crossmodal interaction as one of these seven interaction paradigms. We used an architectural approach that draws on medium specificity --- a fine arts concept foreign to HCI --- to conduct a phenomenological analysis of DDDs that have been deployed in an actual public space in Montréal, Canada. After interviewing DDD design artists and performing our preliminary observational analyses, we found four design strategies that were used to produce crossmodal interaction on an architectural scale, helping shift the experience of DDDs beyond the vision paradigm.","PeriodicalId":268325,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123509481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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