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PENERAPAN METODE BERCERITA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN BERPUASA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN 讲故事方法的应用,以提高5-6岁儿童的禁食知识
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.24252/sipakallebbi.v6i2.34532
Muhammad Rusydi Rasyid, Yusuf Tahir, Nurul Inayah, Dahlia Patiung, Ida Nurhidayat Thahir
Children Religious development, especially for children's knowledge about the virtues of fasting for Muslims, is very important to be stimulated because it becomes the basis for children to be able to know their religion. Through stories directly, it can stimulate children's development, especially about knowledge of the virtues of events for Muslims in the world. This study aims to determine the knowledge of knowing the age of child after the application of the storytelling method to children 5-6 years old. This community service research in the form of service learning was carried out at Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal II Kindergarten Perumnas with a total of 4 children with 2 girls and 2 boys. The instruments used were picture paper, observation sheets for children and intervention implementation sheets. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that children were able to increase their knowledge through storytelling activities. The findings in this study imply that the increase in knowledge of 2 girls is better than the increase in knowledge of 2 boys.
儿童的宗教发展,特别是对儿童关于穆斯林斋戒美德的知识,是非常重要的,因为它成为儿童能够了解他们的宗教的基础。通过直接的故事,它可以刺激孩子们的发展,特别是关于世界上穆斯林事件的美德的知识。本研究旨在确定5-6岁儿童应用讲故事法后对儿童年龄的认知。这项以服务学习形式进行的社区服务研究在Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal II Perumnas幼儿园进行,共有4名儿童,其中2名女孩和2名男孩。使用的工具是图片纸、儿童观察表和干预实施表。数据分析采用描述性统计。结果表明,孩子们能够通过讲故事的活动来增加他们的知识。本研究的结果表明,2个女孩的知识增长优于2个男孩的知识增长。
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引用次数: 0
AJT COGNITIVE TEST: RESPON HARAPAN BARU TERHADAP TES INTELIGENSI ANAK DI INDONESIA
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.24252/sipakallebbi.v6i2.33060
Andi Halima, Eva Meizara Puspita Dewi, Eka Damayanti, Nurfajriyanti Rasyid
Problems in the use of psychological tests are often found related to test items that are not culturally sensitive. Language adaptation in psychological tests is not enough to solve these cultural problems. The presence of the AJT Cognitive Test in Indonesia and its use in education is a new hope for the Intelligence test in Indonesia because it is developed according to local culture. Community service activities carried out by APPI Sulawesi in the form of training with the theme "Recognizing and Improving Children's Abilities with the AJT Cognitive Test" in September 2020 presented competent speakers and participated in this research 80 people who came from various regions in Indonesia and agencies and diverse professions. The way to measure the level of achievement of the success of this activity is in the form of providing a program evaluation using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire distributed via Google form. Evaluation questionnaire containing closed questions and open questions. Data is processed using descriptive statistical analysis. The findings show that the AJT Cognitive Test training is attractive to participants and the contents of the training material are to the needs of participants, and this training makes participants understand the components of the AJT Cognitive Test.
在使用心理测试时,经常发现与不具有文化敏感性的测试项目有关的问题。心理测试中的语言适应不足以解决这些文化问题。印度尼西亚的AJT认知测试的出现及其在教育中的应用为印度尼西亚的智力测试带来了新的希望,因为它是根据当地文化发展起来的。2020年9月,苏拉威西APPI开展了以“用AJT认知测试识别和提高儿童能力”为主题的培训形式的社区服务活动,邀请了来自印度尼西亚不同地区、机构和不同行业的80名称职的演讲者和参与了这项研究。衡量这一活动成功程度的方法是使用一种通过谷歌表格分发的问卷形式的工具提供一个项目评估。评估问卷包含封闭式问题和开放式问题。使用描述性统计分析处理数据。研究结果表明,AJT认知测试培训对参与者具有吸引力,培训材料的内容符合参与者的需求,培训使参与者了解AJT认知测试的组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
TRADITIONAL REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN INDONESIAN AND ENGLISH FOLKTALES 印尼和英国民间故事中女性的传统形象
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.24252/sipakallebbi.v6i2.34601
Waode Surya Darmadali
In Toraja, Indonesia and England folktales bring important impact to the community. In Indonesia, a folktale is used as a medium of entertainment as well as a teaching tool for children. These folktales are told by grandparents, mother, father, or uncles to their children or grandchildren with the aims to educate, tell the histories, and give the information about the origin of the names and places.This study aims to understand how the similarity and differences between the main characters in Torajanese and English folktales. Furthermore, the research also studies how the traditional representation of women in Indonesia and English folktales. This study uses a qualitative method that refers more to narrative. With regard to data, this research, which is an area of literary study, refers to narrative events in  a story that contain events that are described by words, phrases, sentences, and involve characters and settings. Based on the results of our research, we argue that many female characters in Eastern Indonesian folktales and English folktales  are subject to objectification. The objectification of female figures is carried out in the form of women as objects of sexuality, women as a medium of exchange of power, and women being passive and working in the domestic sphere. This finding shows that the folktale of Eastern Indonesia cannot be separated from patriarchal ideology. These stories show that women in the imagination of the Indonesian people still occupy an inferior position compared to men. Furthermore, the female characters also experience objectification and inequality as in folktales from Western Indonesia.
在托拉贾、印度尼西亚和英国,民间故事对社区产生了重要影响。在印度尼西亚,民间故事既被用作娱乐媒介,也被用作儿童的教学工具。这些民间故事由祖父母、母亲、父亲或叔叔们讲给他们的子女或孙辈听,目的是教育、讲述历史,并提供有关地名和地点起源的信息。本研究旨在了解托拉雅语和英语民间故事中主要人物的异同。此外,本研究还探讨了印尼民间故事与英国民间故事中传统女性形象的关系。本研究采用定性方法,更多地涉及到叙事。关于数据,这个研究是文学研究的一个领域,指的是故事中的叙事事件,这些事件包含由单词,短语,句子描述的事件,并涉及人物和背景。根据研究结果,我们认为印尼东部民间故事和英语民间故事中的许多女性角色都受到物化的影响。女性形象的物化表现为:女性是性的对象,女性是权力交换的媒介,女性是被动的,在家庭中工作。这一发现表明,东印度尼西亚的民间故事不能与父权意识形态分开。这些故事表明,女性在印尼人的想象中,与男性相比仍然处于劣势地位。此外,女性角色也经历了物化和不平等,就像印度尼西亚西部的民间故事一样。
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引用次数: 0
RESILIENSI ISTRI PASCA KEHILANGAN SUAMI AKIBAT KEMATIAN MENDADAK 因突然死亡而失去丈夫的妻子的风险
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.24252/sipakallebbi.v6i2.31733
N. Anjarwati, S. Murdiana, Kurniati Zainuddin
Resiliensi adalah seperangkat pemikiran yang membentuk kekuatan individu untuk mampu menghadapi atau bangkit dari tekanan yang dihadapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui resiliensi istri pasca kehilangan suami akibat kematian mendadak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode study kasus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah tiga perempuan yang kehilangan pasangan akibat kematian mendadak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kematian suami mendadak bagi istri memberikan respon yang berbeda-beda yakni perasaan kaget, sedih dan takut selain itu muncul penolakan, ragu atas kematian suami dan bergining. Faktor yang mempengaruhi untuk bangkit dari keterpurukan ada dua yakni faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal adanya keyakinan kepada Tuhan atas isi baik daritakdir yang menimpa dan prinsip hidup untuk mandiri, faktor eksternal yakni adanya1anak yang menjadi tanggung jawab dan dukungan dari keluarga. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk bangkit dari keterpurukan pad semua responden kurang dari dua tahun. sedangkan usaha yang dilakukan untuk bangkit yakni dengan beraktifitas diluar rumah atau bersosialisasi dengan lingungan. Istri yang mengalami kematian suami masing-masing memiliki aspek resiliensi yaitu I have Sumber resiliensi yang berasal dari luar yang mendorong individu untuk resilien hal ini berhubungan dengan besarnya dukungan yang diberikan oleh lingkungan sosial. I can Sumber resiliensi yang berkaitan dengan keterampilan sosial dan interpersonal, dan I am Sumber resiliensi yang berasal dari dalam diri individu meliputi perasaan, sikap, dan keyakinan.
回归是一套塑造个人力量的思想,使他们能够面对或克服压力。本研究旨在确定猝死妻子失去丈夫后的预期寿命。本研究采用定性方法研究个案。该研究的对象是三名因突然死亡而失去伴侣的女性。这项研究的结果表明,丈夫的突然离世对妻子的反应各不相同,包括震惊、悲伤和恐惧,以及拒绝、对丈夫死亡的怀疑和离开。影响从谷底上升的因素包括内部和外部因素。家庭内部的一个因素是对家庭的责任和支持的内在信仰,以及个人独立的生活原则。在不到两年的时间里,从所有被调查者的困境中恢复过来需要时间。而上升的努力是通过在户外活动或与社区社交。经历过丈夫去世的妻子都有其自身的缺陷,即我有外部的剩余资源,鼓励个人在社会环境的巨大支持下继续生活。我可以是与社会技能和人际关系有关的长期资源,而我是个人内在的潜在来源,包括感情、态度和信念。
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引用次数: 0
PERAN EMMA WATSON SEBAGAI UN WOMEN GOODWILL AMBASSADOR DALAM MENANGANI KESETARAAN GENDER DAN PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.24252/sipakallebbi.v6i2.33741
Nurul Izza Humaera Almisri, Farahdiba Rahma Bachtiar
The authors used liberal feminism theory and the concept of celebrity diplomacy to answer the research question in this study. This research is classified as library research by using data provided by UIN Women. The aims of this study are to: 1) find out the reasons why Emma Watson was appointed as UN Women Goodwill Ambassador, 2) describe and analyze the influence of Emma Watson as UN Women Goodwill ambassador in addressing issues of gender equality and women's empowerment. The result of this research is that the authors found the fact that Emma Watson was chosen as a UN Women Goodwill Ambassador because she met the criteria as a UN Women Goodwill Ambassador in terms of having talent that is widely recognized in the field of acting and having a broad influence beyond national boundaries so that she is able to promote UN Women's values internationally. Emma Watson as the UN Women Goodwill Ambassador has a role ini realizing five focus areas that are prioritized within the UIN Women organization by making country visit to see first hand yhe inequality that occurs in poor countries, advocating for the wider community about gender equality in the speech she gave at the launch the HeForShe campaign and influencing young people through social media.
作者运用自由女性主义理论和名人外交的概念来回答本研究的研究问题。本研究使用联合国妇女组织提供的数据归类为图书馆研究。本研究的目的是:1)找出艾玛·沃森被任命为联合国妇女亲善大使的原因,2)描述和分析艾玛·沃森作为联合国妇女亲善大使在解决性别平等和妇女赋权问题上的影响。这项研究的结果是,作者发现艾玛沃森被选为联合国妇女亲善大使,因为她符合联合国妇女亲善大使的标准,在表演领域得到广泛认可,并具有超越国界的广泛影响力,因此她能够在国际上推广联合国妇女署的价值观。作为联合国妇女亲善大使,艾玛·沃特森在实现联合国妇女组织优先考虑的五个重点领域方面发挥了作用,她通过国别访问,亲眼目睹贫穷国家发生的不平等现象,在发起HeForShe运动的演讲中倡导更广泛的性别平等,并通过社交媒体影响年轻人。
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引用次数: 0
THE PROBLEM OF WIVE NUSHUZ IN PREVENTING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: IDEALITY AND REALITY 防止家庭暴力中的妻子义务问题:理想与现实
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.24252/sipakallebbi.v6i2.34102
Umar Faruq Thohir
The thick patriarchal culture legitimizes men to always be superior figures over women. If there are men and women, then men are required to be leaders, women are as followers only. The categorization is always based on sex, not skills, eligibility, and leadership capabilities. This patriarchal culture also affects the formation of households, where women are required to continue to obey their husbands even though the husband's policies intimidate them. If the wife resists, the wife is considered nushuz to her husband. According to classical scholars, a nushuz wife may even be beaten based on Surah An-Nisa' [4]:34. This verse  must be reinterpreted so that it does not become legitimacy for men to commit arbitrariness or  even domestic violence. Through maudhui interpretations which are also combined with Indonesian legislation, this library article was compiled to gain a more comprehensive and gender responsive understanding. The research was conducted by understanding asbabun nuzul, munasabah verses and contextualizing them with current conditions. This study found that the concept of nushuz does not legalize violence against wives. The beating of a wife who commits nushuz contained in An-Nisa '(4): 34 must be interpreted as an act to teach lessons, not to hurt or even commit violence. The wife's nushuz act against her husband so that the husband is allowed to beat her is when the wife commits 'fahisyah mubayyinah' namely zina, according to  An-Nisa' (4): 19. Even the beating of a husband to his wife until she is injured can be declared as a husband's nushuz to his wife, because based on Al-Baqarah (2): 229 the husband can actually divorce her in a good way, no need to do violence to his wife.
浓厚的父权文化使男人永远比女人优越。如果有男人和女人,那么男人必须是领导者,女人只能是追随者。分类总是基于性别,而不是技能、资格和领导能力。这种父权文化也影响到家庭的形成,即使丈夫的政策使她们感到害怕,妇女也被要求继续服从丈夫。如果妻子反抗,她就被认为是丈夫的nushuz。根据古典学者的说法,根据苏拉[4]:34,nushuz的妻子甚至可能被殴打。这节经文必须重新解释,这样它就不会成为男人任意甚至家庭暴力的合法性。通过与印尼立法相结合的毛德惠式解释,这篇图书馆文章的编写是为了获得更全面和对性别敏感的理解。该研究是通过理解asbabun nuzul, munasabah诗句并将其与当前条件相结合来进行的。这项研究发现,nushuz的概念并没有使对妻子的暴力合法化。安-尼萨(4):34中所载的殴打犯nushuz罪的妻子必须被解释为一种教导的行为,而不是伤害或甚至实施暴力。妻子对丈夫的nushuz行为,这样丈夫就可以打她,这是当妻子犯了“fahisyah mubayyinah”即zina,根据An-Nisa(4): 19。甚至丈夫殴打妻子直到她受伤都可以被宣布为丈夫对妻子的nushuz,因为根据Al-Baqarah(2): 229,丈夫实际上可以以一种好的方式与妻子离婚,而不需要对妻子施暴。
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引用次数: 0
EFEKTIFITAS MODUL MANAJEMEN KEBERSIHAN MENSTRUASI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP REMAJA DI PESANTREN KOTA MAKASSAR 月经卫生管理模块对马卡萨市寄宿学校青少年的知识和态度的有效性
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.24252/sipakallebbi.v6i2.34550
Nabila Amelia Hanisyah Putri
Berbagai perubahan terjadi pada masa peralihan seseorang dari masa anak-anak ke masa dewasa. Hal ini disebut dengan fase remaja. Perubahan fisiologis tersebut salah satunya yaitu menstruasi yang dialami oleh remaja putri. Namun sampai saat ini pembahasan mengenai menstruasi masih dianggap tabu oleh beberapa pihak. Selain itu juga karena adanya keterbatasan akses informasi oleh seorang remaja putri, termasuk santri di pesantren. Sehingga dinilai masih diperlukan promosi kesehatan hingga edukasi kepada santri untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap dalam menghadapi masa menstruasi. Edukasi berupa modul manajemen kebersihan menstruasi bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan seorang santri pesantren dan juga dapat mempengaruhi sikapnya dalam menghadapi menstruasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas pemberian edukasi berupa modul manajemen kebersihan menstruasi terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap remaja di pesantren. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif eksperimen dengan pre-post test. Sampel sebanyak 45 remaja putri / santri yang tinggal di pesantren. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap remaja putri setelah dilakukan pemberian edukasi dalam bentuk modul manajemen kebersihan menstruasi. Sehingga modul manajemen kebersihan menstruasi dinilai efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap remaja.
改变发生在一个人从童年到成年的转变过程中。这叫做青春期。这种生理变化包括年轻女性的月经。然而,直到今天,一些人仍然认为关于月经的讨论是禁忌。此外,还因为年轻女性缺乏信息,包括寄宿学校的santri。因此,人们认为需要健康促进和教育三翠,以增加月经前的知识和态度。月经卫生管理模块的教育旨在提高寄宿学校的知识,并可能影响她对月经的态度。本研究的目的是确定月经卫生管理模块对青少年知识和态度的教育效果。本研究的设计是前期试验的定量实验。45名居住在寄宿学校的年轻妇女/ santri的样本。研究结果表明,在以月经清洁管理模式进行教育后,对年轻女性的知识和态度产生了重大影响。因此,月经清洁管理模块在提高青少年的知识和态度方面是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
PENGARUH PERAN GANDA TERHADAP KEJADIAN STRES KERJA PADA GURU WANITA SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 COVID第19大流行期间,女性教师对工作压力事件的双重影响
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.24252/sipakallebbi.v6i1.28983
Fatmawaty Mallapiang, Wardah, Nildawati, Azriful
This research aims to examine how Uang Panaik, the required amount of money to finance a wedding ritual/party, is negotiated against gender construction through romantic love and hybrid culture. This research focuses on Uang Panaik tradition that is practiced by Buginese as one of the requirements of a marriage. The main subjects of this research are two couples who experienced a love relationship before their marriage with love expression within the boundary of Islamic rules and their relatives. The data collection was done in two ways, the first was through interviews and the second was examining textual sources relevant to the topic. The data were then compared in order to see the similarity or difference between the written traditional practice of Buginese wedding ritual and the experience of the subjects. The data were analyzed by using qualitative methods with romantic love theory by Eva Illouz and hybridity theory by Homi K Bhabha. This research argues that the practice of Uang Panaik in Buginese wedding ritual has been reconstructed differently from the traditional ways as the practice of Uang Panaik tradition is challenged by the involvement of romantic love relationships that happened before marriage (courtship, pacaran). Thus the process of negotiating Uang Panaik against gender construction happened in a hybrid culture together with romantic love bounded by religious ethics.  
本研究旨在探讨在浪漫的爱情和混合文化中,婚礼仪式/派对所需的资金是如何与性别建构进行协商的。本研究的重点是黄Panaik传统,这是由商人实践作为婚姻的要求之一。本研究的主要对象是两对婚前经历过恋爱关系,在伊斯兰教规边界内表达爱情的夫妇及其亲属。数据收集以两种方式完成,第一种是通过访谈,第二种是检查与主题相关的文本来源。然后将这些数据进行比较,以了解中国传统婚礼仪式的书面实践与受试者的经历之间的相似或不同。采用Eva Illouz的浪漫爱情理论和Homi K Bhabha的杂交理论对数据进行定性分析。本研究认为,由于在婚前发生的浪漫爱情关系(求爱、pacaran)的参与,对黄Panaik传统的实践进行了不同于传统方式的重构,黄Panaik传统的实践受到了挑战。因此,黄帕乃克反对性别建构的谈判过程发生在一种混杂的文化中,同时也伴随着宗教伦理约束下的浪漫爱情。
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引用次数: 0
KETERLIBATAN PEREMPUAN DALAM NAFKAH KELUARGA PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN 妇女参与家庭支持的观点可兰经
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.24252/sipakallebbi.v6i1.25666
Ainun Dwi Hamdani, Aisyah Arsyad
This paper discusses the involvement of women in family support and its review in the qur’anic perspective. This study is a result of field research using an exegesis interpretive (tafsir) and a gender approach. The results of this study indicate that women's involvement in providing for the family is due to economic limitations and as a form of women's existence in society. Women who work adhering to religious values ​​about family life that support each other are formed from the prevailing religious structures in their environment, namely in the religious traditions they adhere to and carry out such as monthly routine studies or other religious traditions, for example in reading Surah Yasin and tausiyah on Friday nights. The perception of women who provide for their families still believes that providing a living is not the wife's obligation but is still the husband's obligation. For women in Lalebata village always maintain good intentions in helping the family's economy and still pay attention to the rules set by religion in order to minimize the negative impacts that can trigger rifts in the household.
本文从《古兰经》的角度探讨了妇女参与家庭赡养的问题,并对其进行了评述。本研究是实地研究的结果,使用训诂解释(tafsir)和性别方法。这项研究的结果表明,妇女参与养家糊口是由于经济上的限制,也是妇女在社会中存在的一种形式。在工作中坚持有关家庭生活的宗教价值观并相互支持的妇女是由她们所处环境中普遍存在的宗教结构形成的,即她们坚持和执行的宗教传统,如每月例行学习或其他宗教传统,例如在星期五晚上阅读《亚辛章》和《塔西耶》。妇女养家糊口的观念仍然认为,养家糊口不是妻子的义务,而是丈夫的义务。因为Lalebata村的妇女始终保持着帮助家庭经济的良好意愿,并且仍然注意宗教制定的规则,以尽量减少可能引发家庭裂痕的负面影响。
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引用次数: 1
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING PEREMPUAN PENGEMUDI ONLINE DI KOTA PADANG
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.24252/sipakallebbi.v6i1.28870
Rizki Syafitri, Wanda Fitri, Urwatul Wusqa, Siska Novra Elvina
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui psychological well being pada perempuan pengemudi online di Kota Padang. Banyak tekanan yang didapatkan oleh perempuan yang bekerja sebagai pengemudi online, diantaranya adanya pandangan kurang baik dari masyarakat, pulang malam, dan mendapat orderan fiktif. Meskipun demikian, mereka tetap melakukan pekerjaan sebagai pengemudi online. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskripsi, subjek penelitian yakni perempuan yang bekerja sebagai pengemudi online di Kota Padang yang berjumlah 25 orang menggunakan teknik snowball sampling. Dalam mengumpulkan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perempuan pengemudi online di Kota Padang memiliki psychological well being yang positif dan baik. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan memiliki penerimaan diri yang baik, mampu membina hubungan baik dengan orang lain, memiliki otonomi, memiliki tujuan hidup jangka panjang dan pendek, mendapatkan dukungan dari keluarga dan teman terdekat, mampu mandiri dan mengontrol emosi, dan mampu memlakukan pertumbuhan pribadi seperti meningkatkan disiplin, meningkatkan potensi dan menguasai kemampuan aplikasi agar mendapat point yang banyak. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan teori Ryff tentang psychological well being. Jadi, dapat dikatakan bahwa perempuan pengemudi online di Kota Padang dapat menikmati pekerjaannya sebagai pengemudi online meskipun banyak rintangan yang dilalui dalam bekerja.
这项研究的目的是了解巴东市女司机在网上的心理状况。作为一名在线司机的女性承受着很大的压力,其中一些人对社交媒体的看法不太好,于是她回家,得到了一个虚构的命令。尽管如此,他们还是继续在网上做车手的工作。本研究采用的方法是定性描述,这是一项研究,研究对象是在一个有25人的渔村担任在线司机的女性,她使用了斯诺鲍采样技术。通过观察和采访来收集数据。研究表明,巴东市在线女司机拥有积极正面的心理健康。这证明和有良好的自我接受,能与他人建立良好的关系,有自主权,长期的人生目标和附近的短,得到家人和朋友的支持,能够独立控制情绪,并且能够memlakukan像增强纪律,提升个人成长潜力和掌握能力获得积分的应用很多。这符合赖夫关于心理健康的理论。因此,可以说,巴东市的女在线司机可以享受她的在线司机工作的乐趣,尽管工作中有许多障碍。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
JURNAL SIPAKALEBBI
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