Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324499
R. H. Simpson
A new age is dawning in engineering software. For the first time individual power system engineers can write their own software to do complex analysis rather than relying on software vendors. This is made possible by the introduction into the software marketplace of interactive graphic software which allows complex calculations to be done in symbolic form rather than in software code form. This reduces the time required to create calculation software to a fraction of that previously required. An additional advantage of this software is that it has an open architecture which allows modifications by other users. Users can alter the program as desired to be compatible with other software programs or to achieve specific desired results. This paper is an example of one program written in this symbolic software which calculates harmonic current flow using the admittance matrix method.<>
{"title":"Harmonic current flow using the admittance matrix method","authors":"R. H. Simpson","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324499","url":null,"abstract":"A new age is dawning in engineering software. For the first time individual power system engineers can write their own software to do complex analysis rather than relying on software vendors. This is made possible by the introduction into the software marketplace of interactive graphic software which allows complex calculations to be done in symbolic form rather than in software code form. This reduces the time required to create calculation software to a fraction of that previously required. An additional advantage of this software is that it has an open architecture which allows modifications by other users. Users can alter the program as desired to be compatible with other software programs or to achieve specific desired results. This paper is an example of one program written in this symbolic software which calculates harmonic current flow using the admittance matrix method.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114845680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324506
A. Bonnett
The purpose of this paper is not to reveal any new technology or major break through pertaining to the impact of pulse width modulated (PWM) adjustable speed drives operating on AC motors. Nor is it to discuss the merits of the various designs of the drives. The applications are also well defined. The area where much confusion still exists deals with the voltage waveform impact on the motor performance. Hence, this is the central theme of the paper. The author has assumed that the traditional fundamental sinewave voltage is (except for starting or outside influences) a steady state condition, with a maximum and an RMS value. The effects of the maximum voltage, rate of rise, switching frequencies, resonance and harmonics are all considered.<>
{"title":"Analysis of the impact of pulse-width modulated inverter voltage waveforms on AC induction motors","authors":"A. Bonnett","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324506","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is not to reveal any new technology or major break through pertaining to the impact of pulse width modulated (PWM) adjustable speed drives operating on AC motors. Nor is it to discuss the merits of the various designs of the drives. The applications are also well defined. The area where much confusion still exists deals with the voltage waveform impact on the motor performance. Hence, this is the central theme of the paper. The author has assumed that the traditional fundamental sinewave voltage is (except for starting or outside influences) a steady state condition, with a maximum and an RMS value. The effects of the maximum voltage, rate of rise, switching frequencies, resonance and harmonics are all considered.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124222986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324486
A. Bonnett
The Energy Policy Act of 1992 signed by President George Bush on October 24, 1992 mandates new efficiency standards, testing and labeling requirements for National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) motors along with other electrical products. This paper is an abridgement and reference to assist in future application of AC induction motors.<>
{"title":"Energy Policy Act of 1992 review as it pertains to AC induction motors","authors":"A. Bonnett","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324486","url":null,"abstract":"The Energy Policy Act of 1992 signed by President George Bush on October 24, 1992 mandates new efficiency standards, testing and labeling requirements for National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) motors along with other electrical products. This paper is an abridgement and reference to assist in future application of AC induction motors.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127712007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324502
J. Hirzel
When a motor fails, the user or owner faces three choices: to rewind to the same efficiency; to rewind to a higher efficiency; or to replace it with a new motor of either a standard or premium efficiency design. This paper covers the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and the precautions that must be taken to avoid increasing motor losses if rewinding is chosen.<>
{"title":"Impact of rewinding on motor efficiency","authors":"J. Hirzel","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324502","url":null,"abstract":"When a motor fails, the user or owner faces three choices: to rewind to the same efficiency; to rewind to a higher efficiency; or to replace it with a new motor of either a standard or premium efficiency design. This paper covers the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and the precautions that must be taken to avoid increasing motor losses if rewinding is chosen.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117052250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324493
J.R. Cancelosi, J. Kushner
The authors argue that it is important to emphasize that the entire power cable design must be tested when insulation thermal ratings are studied. Thermal expansion of the polymers (strand shield, insulation, insulation shield) must function unilaterally. All extruded layers must resist embrittlement and expansion concerns with effect on the metallic shield have to be taken into account. Some polymer systems will take a permanent set to irregular shapes around the shielding with resulting deleterious partial discharge and reduced breakdown voltages.<>
{"title":"Thermal ratings of cable insulation and clarifying tests","authors":"J.R. Cancelosi, J. Kushner","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324493","url":null,"abstract":"The authors argue that it is important to emphasize that the entire power cable design must be tested when insulation thermal ratings are studied. Thermal expansion of the polymers (strand shield, insulation, insulation shield) must function unilaterally. All extruded layers must resist embrittlement and expansion concerns with effect on the metallic shield have to be taken into account. Some polymer systems will take a permanent set to irregular shapes around the shielding with resulting deleterious partial discharge and reduced breakdown voltages.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117339968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324487
P. Jackson, W.L. Bundschuh, M. Weaver, C. Smith, J. R. Thompson
Energy conservation has been alive and well in the pulp and paper industry for many years. In the early 70s and 80s, each paper mill or organization worked independently to reduce their total energy consumption. Now in the 1990s, federal and state legislation (i.e. State of Minnesota Omnibus Energy Bill) make it advantageous for pulp and paper mills to share information and strategies to take advantage of electrical utility rebates. This paper presents four examples of energy conservation programs currently in use in the US paper industry.<>
{"title":"Utility energy conservation programs for the pulp and paper industry","authors":"P. Jackson, W.L. Bundschuh, M. Weaver, C. Smith, J. R. Thompson","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324487","url":null,"abstract":"Energy conservation has been alive and well in the pulp and paper industry for many years. In the early 70s and 80s, each paper mill or organization worked independently to reduce their total energy consumption. Now in the 1990s, federal and state legislation (i.e. State of Minnesota Omnibus Energy Bill) make it advantageous for pulp and paper mills to share information and strategies to take advantage of electrical utility rebates. This paper presents four examples of energy conservation programs currently in use in the US paper industry.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122362655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324479
E.M. Sisa, J. Reh
Sheeters use complex mechanical gears to perform the cutting operation of different paper sheet sizes. These gears set the cut length either hydraulically or with manual levers. They form an expensive part of the complete machine. To make it easier to revamp existing machines and also have more flexibility in the design of new ones, the direct drive sheeter was designed and built. There are no more gears, and a highly dynamic DC drive and control system determine the operation of the sheeter.<>
{"title":"New RISC processor control for direct drive sheeters","authors":"E.M. Sisa, J. Reh","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324479","url":null,"abstract":"Sheeters use complex mechanical gears to perform the cutting operation of different paper sheet sizes. These gears set the cut length either hydraulically or with manual levers. They form an expensive part of the complete machine. To make it easier to revamp existing machines and also have more flexibility in the design of new ones, the direct drive sheeter was designed and built. There are no more gears, and a highly dynamic DC drive and control system determine the operation of the sheeter.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115138212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324495
M. Osborne
The electrical and electronics staff at chemical plants worldwide are facing a new problem with increasing regularity. Control systems no longer work in harmony with the process being controlled. This problem is manifested by events such as alarms that have no cause, untraceable variations in plant operations, product quality and quantity that fall below acceptable levels, and unscheduled shutdowns. This problem is not limited to process control rooms, but applies to the commercial computer system that controls the administrative and management information systems as well. The system failures usually derive from substandard air quality and its effects on the electronic equipment in the control rooms. The solution is to have acceptable air quality in the critical facilities at the time the control systems are installed. The damage is irreversible, so "prevention" is the objective. This paper outlines the standards by which electronic control rooms should be designed and built, and how gas phase filtration equipment can be applied to achieve the desired protection levels.<>
{"title":"Air quality control in control rooms","authors":"M. Osborne","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324495","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical and electronics staff at chemical plants worldwide are facing a new problem with increasing regularity. Control systems no longer work in harmony with the process being controlled. This problem is manifested by events such as alarms that have no cause, untraceable variations in plant operations, product quality and quantity that fall below acceptable levels, and unscheduled shutdowns. This problem is not limited to process control rooms, but applies to the commercial computer system that controls the administrative and management information systems as well. The system failures usually derive from substandard air quality and its effects on the electronic equipment in the control rooms. The solution is to have acceptable air quality in the critical facilities at the time the control systems are installed. The damage is irreversible, so \"prevention\" is the objective. This paper outlines the standards by which electronic control rooms should be designed and built, and how gas phase filtration equipment can be applied to achieve the desired protection levels.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133632204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324503
G. Stone, B. Lloyd, S. Campbell
Deterioration of the stator windings continues to be one of the predominant causes of large motor and generator failures. Over the past several years, much research has been done to develop technologies to provide plant maintenance personnel with better, more objective methods of assessing the condition of machine windings. Through this work, practical methods have been developed for measuring the partial discharge activity in the high voltage insulation of stator windings, since partial discharges are a symptom of most of the major insulation failure mechanisms. One test, called the PDA test, has been successfully used by utilities for many years, and can be performed by plant maintenance personnel during normal operation of a hydrogenerator. A similar partial discharge test, called the TGA test, has now been specifically developed for turbine generators and high voltage motors and is described in this paper. The TGA test allows motor and generator users of machines rated 4 kV and above, to reliably perform an in-service partial discharge test and through interpretation of the test results to confidently assess stator winding condition and plan machine maintenance requirements. Since the test is done by plant personnel during normal motor or generator operation, testing costs are also very low.<>
{"title":"On-line monitoring for condition assessment of motor and generator stator windings","authors":"G. Stone, B. Lloyd, S. Campbell","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324503","url":null,"abstract":"Deterioration of the stator windings continues to be one of the predominant causes of large motor and generator failures. Over the past several years, much research has been done to develop technologies to provide plant maintenance personnel with better, more objective methods of assessing the condition of machine windings. Through this work, practical methods have been developed for measuring the partial discharge activity in the high voltage insulation of stator windings, since partial discharges are a symptom of most of the major insulation failure mechanisms. One test, called the PDA test, has been successfully used by utilities for many years, and can be performed by plant maintenance personnel during normal operation of a hydrogenerator. A similar partial discharge test, called the TGA test, has now been specifically developed for turbine generators and high voltage motors and is described in this paper. The TGA test allows motor and generator users of machines rated 4 kV and above, to reliably perform an in-service partial discharge test and through interpretation of the test results to confidently assess stator winding condition and plan machine maintenance requirements. Since the test is done by plant personnel during normal motor or generator operation, testing costs are also very low.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131819971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324500
Robert Ellis
When large harmonic producing loads are added to an industrial plant power system it is good engineering practice to analyze the impact on the power system by performing harmonic modeling analysis of the system at the design stage. Such a study can identify any potentially harmful resonances or other harmonic levels that are predicted to be in excess of IEEE 519 recommended limits and suggest corrective measures (if necessary). This paper discusses the impact of the harmonic limits of IEEE Standard 519-1992 on the industrial power consumer and addresses the differences between the 1992 and 1981 versions of the standard. Harmonics produced by variable frequency drives are discussed. The data required to conduct a harmonic study the types of analyses that can be performed, and some of the mitigating measures that can be taken to alleviate a potential harmonic problem are detailed. A case study is presented based on a typical paper mill where a large variable frequency drive was added to the power system.<>
{"title":"Harmonic analysis of industrial power systems","authors":"Robert Ellis","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324500","url":null,"abstract":"When large harmonic producing loads are added to an industrial plant power system it is good engineering practice to analyze the impact on the power system by performing harmonic modeling analysis of the system at the design stage. Such a study can identify any potentially harmful resonances or other harmonic levels that are predicted to be in excess of IEEE 519 recommended limits and suggest corrective measures (if necessary). This paper discusses the impact of the harmonic limits of IEEE Standard 519-1992 on the industrial power consumer and addresses the differences between the 1992 and 1981 versions of the standard. Harmonics produced by variable frequency drives are discussed. The data required to conduct a harmonic study the types of analyses that can be performed, and some of the mitigating measures that can be taken to alleviate a potential harmonic problem are detailed. A case study is presented based on a typical paper mill where a large variable frequency drive was added to the power system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130031474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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