Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324500
Robert Ellis
When large harmonic producing loads are added to an industrial plant power system it is good engineering practice to analyze the impact on the power system by performing harmonic modeling analysis of the system at the design stage. Such a study can identify any potentially harmful resonances or other harmonic levels that are predicted to be in excess of IEEE 519 recommended limits and suggest corrective measures (if necessary). This paper discusses the impact of the harmonic limits of IEEE Standard 519-1992 on the industrial power consumer and addresses the differences between the 1992 and 1981 versions of the standard. Harmonics produced by variable frequency drives are discussed. The data required to conduct a harmonic study the types of analyses that can be performed, and some of the mitigating measures that can be taken to alleviate a potential harmonic problem are detailed. A case study is presented based on a typical paper mill where a large variable frequency drive was added to the power system.<>
{"title":"Harmonic analysis of industrial power systems","authors":"Robert Ellis","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324500","url":null,"abstract":"When large harmonic producing loads are added to an industrial plant power system it is good engineering practice to analyze the impact on the power system by performing harmonic modeling analysis of the system at the design stage. Such a study can identify any potentially harmful resonances or other harmonic levels that are predicted to be in excess of IEEE 519 recommended limits and suggest corrective measures (if necessary). This paper discusses the impact of the harmonic limits of IEEE Standard 519-1992 on the industrial power consumer and addresses the differences between the 1992 and 1981 versions of the standard. Harmonics produced by variable frequency drives are discussed. The data required to conduct a harmonic study the types of analyses that can be performed, and some of the mitigating measures that can be taken to alleviate a potential harmonic problem are detailed. A case study is presented based on a typical paper mill where a large variable frequency drive was added to the power system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130031474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324501
W. Reid
As a result of the wide ranging addition of electronically controlled equipment within the last five to ten years, the lack of industry standards and application criteria in the area of power supply quality has become very evident. This paper outlines the significant factors associated with power quality by summarizing the key considerations, the relevant standards, the areas where standards are being developed, and useful application guidelines. Power quality is discussed here in terms of three major categories: system disturbances; harmonic distortion; and grounding.<>
{"title":"Power quality issues-standards and guidelines","authors":"W. Reid","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324501","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of the wide ranging addition of electronically controlled equipment within the last five to ten years, the lack of industry standards and application criteria in the area of power supply quality has become very evident. This paper outlines the significant factors associated with power quality by summarizing the key considerations, the relevant standards, the areas where standards are being developed, and useful application guidelines. Power quality is discussed here in terms of three major categories: system disturbances; harmonic distortion; and grounding.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129494981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324484
G. Hassell, R. E. Harper
Dynamic modeling technology uses a model based predictive and adaptive algorithm for continuous process control. The technology was developed two years ago and is available in at least one commercially available product. This product has been used successfully on several difficult industrial control applications. This paper covers an application of the dynamic modeling technology (DMT) algorithm for tuning proportional, integral and derivative (PID) controllers.<>
{"title":"Nonintrusive PID auto-tuning using dynamic modeling technology","authors":"G. Hassell, R. E. Harper","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324484","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic modeling technology uses a model based predictive and adaptive algorithm for continuous process control. The technology was developed two years ago and is available in at least one commercially available product. This product has been used successfully on several difficult industrial control applications. This paper covers an application of the dynamic modeling technology (DMT) algorithm for tuning proportional, integral and derivative (PID) controllers.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127358351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324478
E. F. Merrill
This paper discusses the transfer of power between electrical machines and the connected mechanical equipment. Power flow through induction and synchronous machines is compared. These principles are used to explain torsional vibration and synchronous motor starting effects. This is a qualitative treatment intended to provide an understanding of the physical concepts involved.<>
{"title":"Torsional dynamics of AC electrical machines and systems","authors":"E. F. Merrill","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324478","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the transfer of power between electrical machines and the connected mechanical equipment. Power flow through induction and synchronous machines is compared. These principles are used to explain torsional vibration and synchronous motor starting effects. This is a qualitative treatment intended to provide an understanding of the physical concepts involved.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131408910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324503
G. Stone, B. Lloyd, S. Campbell
Deterioration of the stator windings continues to be one of the predominant causes of large motor and generator failures. Over the past several years, much research has been done to develop technologies to provide plant maintenance personnel with better, more objective methods of assessing the condition of machine windings. Through this work, practical methods have been developed for measuring the partial discharge activity in the high voltage insulation of stator windings, since partial discharges are a symptom of most of the major insulation failure mechanisms. One test, called the PDA test, has been successfully used by utilities for many years, and can be performed by plant maintenance personnel during normal operation of a hydrogenerator. A similar partial discharge test, called the TGA test, has now been specifically developed for turbine generators and high voltage motors and is described in this paper. The TGA test allows motor and generator users of machines rated 4 kV and above, to reliably perform an in-service partial discharge test and through interpretation of the test results to confidently assess stator winding condition and plan machine maintenance requirements. Since the test is done by plant personnel during normal motor or generator operation, testing costs are also very low.<>
{"title":"On-line monitoring for condition assessment of motor and generator stator windings","authors":"G. Stone, B. Lloyd, S. Campbell","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324503","url":null,"abstract":"Deterioration of the stator windings continues to be one of the predominant causes of large motor and generator failures. Over the past several years, much research has been done to develop technologies to provide plant maintenance personnel with better, more objective methods of assessing the condition of machine windings. Through this work, practical methods have been developed for measuring the partial discharge activity in the high voltage insulation of stator windings, since partial discharges are a symptom of most of the major insulation failure mechanisms. One test, called the PDA test, has been successfully used by utilities for many years, and can be performed by plant maintenance personnel during normal operation of a hydrogenerator. A similar partial discharge test, called the TGA test, has now been specifically developed for turbine generators and high voltage motors and is described in this paper. The TGA test allows motor and generator users of machines rated 4 kV and above, to reliably perform an in-service partial discharge test and through interpretation of the test results to confidently assess stator winding condition and plan machine maintenance requirements. Since the test is done by plant personnel during normal motor or generator operation, testing costs are also very low.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131819971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324494
L.S. Kirek, M. Woodman
A utility capacity increase from 50 to 100 MVA was implemented in a large Kraft paper mill. All existing plant 15 kV switchgear and controls were replaced and a new tie line constructed during a nine month period prior to the utility increase. Electrical and process control rooms were built to house new switchgear and computer control equipment. All installation work was done during outages scheduled for other plant objectives. New switchgear installed consists of 42 cells of 1000 MVA class equipment. The control system includes operator workstations, supervisory PLC, and remote I/O racks. Breaker control, metering, and load shedding functions are performed by the control system.<>
{"title":"Upgrade of a paper mill power distribution system","authors":"L.S. Kirek, M. Woodman","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324494","url":null,"abstract":"A utility capacity increase from 50 to 100 MVA was implemented in a large Kraft paper mill. All existing plant 15 kV switchgear and controls were replaced and a new tie line constructed during a nine month period prior to the utility increase. Electrical and process control rooms were built to house new switchgear and computer control equipment. All installation work was done during outages scheduled for other plant objectives. New switchgear installed consists of 42 cells of 1000 MVA class equipment. The control system includes operator workstations, supervisory PLC, and remote I/O racks. Breaker control, metering, and load shedding functions are performed by the control system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127758759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324491
J. Toth
In a number of industrial plants, personnel responsible for the maintenance and design of the electrical systems have done an excellent job at sizing equipment for connected loads; however, on more than one occasion, those same personnel appeared to be unaware of the interrupting rating for low voltage equipment. This sometimes resulted in electrical systems that posed hazards to personnel and equipment due to the incorrect application of the protective equipment. Several aspects of proper equipment selection based on interrupting ratings are addressed.<>
{"title":"The importance of knowing available fault currents when specifying interrupting ratings for low voltage equipment","authors":"J. Toth","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324491","url":null,"abstract":"In a number of industrial plants, personnel responsible for the maintenance and design of the electrical systems have done an excellent job at sizing equipment for connected loads; however, on more than one occasion, those same personnel appeared to be unaware of the interrupting rating for low voltage equipment. This sometimes resulted in electrical systems that posed hazards to personnel and equipment due to the incorrect application of the protective equipment. Several aspects of proper equipment selection based on interrupting ratings are addressed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"15 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131839560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324496
W.J. Frey, J. Graf, B. Moore
A variable frequency drive with sinusoidal line side power converter was applied to a new 350 hp induction motor driving a kiln at Mead Coated Board's Alabama paper mill in early 1994. The purpose of the installation was to replace an existing 250 hp motor and drive with a 350 hp unit. In addition with the GD4000 sinusoidal rectifier, the mill saw benefits in both line harmonic distortion and effects on system power factor. The results of this installation, including its effects on Mead's power system are described.<>
{"title":"Installation and operating experience of a 350HP AC drive for harmonic reduction","authors":"W.J. Frey, J. Graf, B. Moore","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324496","url":null,"abstract":"A variable frequency drive with sinusoidal line side power converter was applied to a new 350 hp induction motor driving a kiln at Mead Coated Board's Alabama paper mill in early 1994. The purpose of the installation was to replace an existing 250 hp motor and drive with a 350 hp unit. In addition with the GD4000 sinusoidal rectifier, the mill saw benefits in both line harmonic distortion and effects on system power factor. The results of this installation, including its effects on Mead's power system are described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133627518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324490
M. Fish
The growth of paper mills has placed an ever greater demand on power distribution systems. Most mill power systems consist of switchgear designed in the 1950s and 60s. Much of this equipment is still in service, and is approaching the end of its useful life because of exceeding design safety limits, obsolescence, and wear out. This paper discusses the resolution of economic, engineering and logistical problems associated with the replacement of "outgrown" power distribution switchgear in a large integrated pulp and paper mill. Also discussed are the problems and concerns associated with retrofitting switchgear, including specifications, qualification and certification of vendors, installation and start-up. Special attention is given to bus bracing as a necessary consideration when upgrading older power distribution equipment.<>
{"title":"When you have to retrofit 15 kV switchgear","authors":"M. Fish","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324490","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of paper mills has placed an ever greater demand on power distribution systems. Most mill power systems consist of switchgear designed in the 1950s and 60s. Much of this equipment is still in service, and is approaching the end of its useful life because of exceeding design safety limits, obsolescence, and wear out. This paper discusses the resolution of economic, engineering and logistical problems associated with the replacement of \"outgrown\" power distribution switchgear in a large integrated pulp and paper mill. Also discussed are the problems and concerns associated with retrofitting switchgear, including specifications, qualification and certification of vendors, installation and start-up. Special attention is given to bus bracing as a necessary consideration when upgrading older power distribution equipment.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133562849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324480
R.C. Linzel, H. Long, P. Collings
Upgrading an analog DC drive to digital control does not always require a complete drive replacement. By retrofitting the existing power components with digital controls, all of the functionality of a modern digital DC drive can be achieved. Retrofitting can offer a significant cost savings over a complete drive replacement, since the existing power components, motors, power cables and cable support system may be reused. The benefits of an upgrade to digital control include improved drive response, simplified troubleshooting, elimination of tuning parameter "drift", greater flexibility in operating with different paper grades and orders, and an improved ability to control roll hardness. These benefits translate into reduced downtime, increased production efficiency and improved roll quality. The retrofit described in this case study has achieved the desired results in a cost-effective manner.<>
{"title":"A retrofit of an analog DC drive with digital control on a winder","authors":"R.C. Linzel, H. Long, P. Collings","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1994.324480","url":null,"abstract":"Upgrading an analog DC drive to digital control does not always require a complete drive replacement. By retrofitting the existing power components with digital controls, all of the functionality of a modern digital DC drive can be achieved. Retrofitting can offer a significant cost savings over a complete drive replacement, since the existing power components, motors, power cables and cable support system may be reused. The benefits of an upgrade to digital control include improved drive response, simplified troubleshooting, elimination of tuning parameter \"drift\", greater flexibility in operating with different paper grades and orders, and an improved ability to control roll hardness. These benefits translate into reduced downtime, increased production efficiency and improved roll quality. The retrofit described in this case study has achieved the desired results in a cost-effective manner.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":269467,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117245839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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