Lily G. Marie, Jasmin Perez, Ivy Guedes de Menezes, Carolyn Judd, Stephan J. Beltran
The dispositional trait of intellectual humility (IH) refers to the degree to which people recognize their beliefs might be fallible. For the most part, it has been conceptualized as a “trait” variable that reflects a stable individual difference, however, in the current study, we examined whether IH also has “state”-like characteristics by testing whether it is susceptible to modification via a self-affirmation (SA) induction, which in previous research has been shown to reduce defensiveness in the face of information that threatens the self. To test this hypothesis, we first threatened participants by having them read a counter-attitudinal essay that contradicted their belief in God and then allowed half of the participants to affirm the self by writing about an important value that they hold. Following this SA induction, all participants completed a brief IH measure. Consistent with our hypothesis, statistical analyses revealed that participants in the SA condition reported significantly higher IH than participants in the control (no affirmation) condition. These findings suggest that in addition to having features associated with relatively fixed personality traits, IH is also amenable to change on the basis of a simple situational manipulation under conditions of self-threat.
{"title":"Evidence that Intellectual Curiosity Can Be Heightened via a Self-Affirmation Induction","authors":"Lily G. Marie, Jasmin Perez, Ivy Guedes de Menezes, Carolyn Judd, Stephan J. Beltran","doi":"10.54581/dszr7534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54581/dszr7534","url":null,"abstract":"The dispositional trait of intellectual humility (IH) refers to the degree to which people recognize their beliefs might be fallible. For the most part, it has been conceptualized as a “trait” variable that reflects a stable individual difference, however, in the current study, we examined whether IH also has “state”-like characteristics by testing whether it is susceptible to modification via a self-affirmation (SA) induction, which in previous research has been shown to reduce defensiveness in the face of information that threatens the self. To test this hypothesis, we first threatened participants by having them read a counter-attitudinal essay that contradicted their belief in God and then allowed half of the participants to affirm the self by writing about an important value that they hold. Following this SA induction, all participants completed a brief IH measure. Consistent with our hypothesis, statistical analyses revealed that participants in the SA condition reported significantly higher IH than participants in the control (no affirmation) condition. These findings suggest that in addition to having features associated with relatively fixed personality traits, IH is also amenable to change on the basis of a simple situational manipulation under conditions of self-threat.","PeriodicalId":269565,"journal":{"name":"Psi Beta Research Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127902539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the course of the COVID-19 Pandemic, researchers have examined how people adjusted to the conditions of social isolation. As a follow-up to those studies, it was investigated if, in King County Washington State, there was a correlation between people’s new level of participation in work/school, religious, or recreational activities during the March-May 2020 lockdown (in comparison to pre-pandemic levels) and how lonely they felt during that time. Two hundred fifty-two King County residents (aged 18 – 65 years old) were surveyed over the internet. They were asked about their level of participation in work/school, religious, and non-religious recreational activities, whether the activities were conducted in-person or virtually, and if the amount of participation was more or less than before the pandemic. Participants were collected through snowball sampling, starting with immediate friends, families, and colleagues. Based on previous studies, it was predicted that participants who engaged in religious and recreational activities would feel significantly less lonely, while those who had engaged in work and school activities would feel significantly lonelier. The only significant difference that was present was regarding recreational activity; people who participated at the same level of recreation as they had before the pandemic were significantly less lonely than those who participated in recreation at greater or lesser levels during the pandemic. This finding is important because it suggests that a balanced amount of recreation can alleviate loneliness and its impacts on factors such as depression, anxiety, poor mental functioning, decreased motivation, etc. This study also illustrates the importance of maintaining routines that lessen loneliness.
{"title":"Analysis of Loneliness and Participation in Recreational Activities, Spirituality, Work, and School in East King County, Washington During the Covid-19 Lockdown","authors":"M. Zubair","doi":"10.54581/jjjc1614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54581/jjjc1614","url":null,"abstract":"Over the course of the COVID-19 Pandemic, researchers have examined how people adjusted to the conditions of social isolation. As a follow-up to those studies, it was investigated if, in King County Washington State, there was a correlation between people’s new level of participation in work/school, religious, or recreational activities during the March-May 2020 lockdown (in comparison to pre-pandemic levels) and how lonely they felt during that time. Two hundred fifty-two King County residents (aged 18 – 65 years old) were surveyed over the internet. They were asked about their level of participation in work/school, religious, and non-religious recreational activities, whether the activities were conducted in-person or virtually, and if the amount of participation was more or less than before the pandemic. Participants were collected through snowball sampling, starting with immediate friends, families, and colleagues. Based on previous studies, it was predicted that participants who engaged in religious and recreational activities would feel significantly less lonely, while those who had engaged in work and school activities would feel significantly lonelier. The only significant difference that was present was regarding recreational activity; people who participated at the same level of recreation as they had before the pandemic were significantly less lonely than those who participated in recreation at greater or lesser levels during the pandemic. This finding is important because it suggests that a balanced amount of recreation can alleviate loneliness and its impacts on factors such as depression, anxiety, poor mental functioning, decreased motivation, etc. This study also illustrates the importance of maintaining routines that lessen loneliness.","PeriodicalId":269565,"journal":{"name":"Psi Beta Research Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131944671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tyler Wong, Shireen Mohamdjawad, R. Castillo, B. Kester
Classic research conducted by Terenzini & Pascarella (1991) and Tinto (1993) concluded that college students learn more if involved in both academic and out-of-class activities. This study examined how unprecedented college campus closures during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted students’ sense of college connection. In this study, participants (N=1,409) completed an online questionnaire that measured participants' college connectedness, shyness, the Big Five (extroversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism), and several aspects of interpersonal communication. It was hypothesized that non-shy and extroverted students would more successfully maintain a sense of college connectedness during the pandemic than shy and introverted students. It was also hypothesized that there would be a significant drop in college connectedness scores compared to a pre-pandemic connectedness study (Psi Beta, 2011). The first hypothesis was supported as there was an inverse relationship between non-shy students and college connectedness. The second hypothesis was also supported; in comparison to the mean of college connectedness prior to COVID-19, college connectedness declined. Additional findings include no significant relationship between extraversion scores and college connectedness, and a significant correlation between honor society membership and college connectedness. Future research might explore other factors that may impact college connectedness, such as immigration status and first-generation status.
{"title":"Personality Factors and Their Influence on Student Engagement Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Tyler Wong, Shireen Mohamdjawad, R. Castillo, B. Kester","doi":"10.54581/gkqj9097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54581/gkqj9097","url":null,"abstract":"Classic research conducted by Terenzini & Pascarella (1991) and Tinto (1993) concluded that college students learn more if involved in both academic and out-of-class activities. This study examined how unprecedented college campus closures during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted students’ sense of college connection. In this study, participants (N=1,409) completed an online questionnaire that measured participants' college connectedness, shyness, the Big Five (extroversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism), and several aspects of interpersonal communication. It was hypothesized that non-shy and extroverted students would more successfully maintain a sense of college connectedness during the pandemic than shy and introverted students. It was also hypothesized that there would be a significant drop in college connectedness scores compared to a pre-pandemic connectedness study (Psi Beta, 2011). The first hypothesis was supported as there was an inverse relationship between non-shy students and college connectedness. The second hypothesis was also supported; in comparison to the mean of college connectedness prior to COVID-19, college connectedness declined. Additional findings include no significant relationship between extraversion scores and college connectedness, and a significant correlation between honor society membership and college connectedness. Future research might explore other factors that may impact college connectedness, such as immigration status and first-generation status.","PeriodicalId":269565,"journal":{"name":"Psi Beta Research Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130320601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to explore how meeting belongingness needs through social media use may impact one’s fear of missing out (FoMO) and self-esteem. It was predicted that individuals with increased levels of FoMO would have higher levels of the need to belong. It was also predicted that individuals with lower levels of self-esteem would have higher levels of FoMO and the need to belong. A total of 592 participants (447 female, 137 male) in various psychology courses at a community college and a university participated in an online survey. Consistent with the hypothesis, increased FoMO is related to a higher level of need to belong. Additionally, lower levels of self-esteem are related to higher levels of FoMO and a higher level of the need to belong. Based on these findings, perhaps lower levels of self-esteem further exacerbate the positive feedback loop between one’s desire for belongingness and their FoMO when utilizing social media. As such, these results may caution college students from meeting their need for belongingness through social media usage, and more so, those with a lower level of self-esteem.
{"title":"Does Meeting Belongingness Needs Through Social Media Impact One's Fear of Missing Out and Self-Esteem?","authors":"K. Malouf","doi":"10.54581/xodo5493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54581/xodo5493","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to explore how meeting belongingness needs through social media use may impact one’s fear of missing out (FoMO) and self-esteem. It was predicted that individuals with increased levels of FoMO would have higher levels of the need to belong. It was also predicted that individuals with lower levels of self-esteem would have higher levels of FoMO and the need to belong. A total of 592 participants (447 female, 137 male) in various psychology courses at a community college and a university participated in an online survey. Consistent with the hypothesis, increased FoMO is related to a higher level of need to belong. Additionally, lower levels of self-esteem are related to higher levels of FoMO and a higher level of the need to belong. Based on these findings, perhaps lower levels of self-esteem further exacerbate the positive feedback loop between one’s desire for belongingness and their FoMO when utilizing social media. As such, these results may caution college students from meeting their need for belongingness through social media usage, and more so, those with a lower level of self-esteem.","PeriodicalId":269565,"journal":{"name":"Psi Beta Research Journal","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117310998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicola Schmelzer, Talia Westphal, Abel Pichardo, Darwin Buckner, N. Smith, Nasrin Shaaban, Melanie Johnson, Joseph Bennett, Justin C. Estep
A growing body of research shows that social media use is positively correlated with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and neuroticism. Problematic social media use (PSMU), for the purpose of this study, was characterized by behaviors similar to those displayed in gambling and addiction such as shame, guilt, and loss of control. This study explored the relationship between PSMU and the amount of time spent on social media. It was predicted that the number of hours spent on social media would be positively correlated with PSMU and that an individual’s neuroticism score would have a moderating effect on this relationship. Data were collected from college students across the United States through an online survey as part of the Psi Beta National Research Project (N = 1,422). The survey included questions regarding PSMU, hours spent using social media, and personality. Results found a moderate correlation between problematic social media use and hours of daily media use. Neuroticism did not appear to have a moderating effect on the relationship. This study aimed to offer supporting data to further the understanding of the effects of social media on mental health. Our results can help provide a guide in which future studies can focus on improving social media use outcomes for all people.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Problematic Social Media Use and Time Spent on Social Media: Exploring Neuroticism as a Moderator","authors":"Nicola Schmelzer, Talia Westphal, Abel Pichardo, Darwin Buckner, N. Smith, Nasrin Shaaban, Melanie Johnson, Joseph Bennett, Justin C. Estep","doi":"10.54581/jwjb5363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54581/jwjb5363","url":null,"abstract":"A growing body of research shows that social media use is positively correlated with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and neuroticism. Problematic social media use (PSMU), for the purpose of this study, was characterized by behaviors similar to those displayed in gambling and addiction such as shame, guilt, and loss of control. This study explored the relationship between PSMU and the amount of time spent on social media. It was predicted that the number of hours spent on social media would be positively correlated with PSMU and that an individual’s neuroticism score would have a moderating effect on this relationship. Data were collected from college students across the United States through an online survey as part of the Psi Beta National Research Project (N = 1,422). The survey included questions regarding PSMU, hours spent using social media, and personality. Results found a moderate correlation between problematic social media use and hours of daily media use. Neuroticism did not appear to have a moderating effect on the relationship. This study aimed to offer supporting data to further the understanding of the effects of social media on mental health. Our results can help provide a guide in which future studies can focus on improving social media use outcomes for all people.","PeriodicalId":269565,"journal":{"name":"Psi Beta Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122912832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexis Cherry, Angela Simler, Sylvia Waldron, Celeste London
During the COVID-19 global pandemic, individuals have had to learn to cope with isolation and adjust to new social protocols (Nooraie et al., 2021). In Washington state, a lockdown mandate was issued between March to May 2020 in response to a surge in COVID-19 cases (Washington Governor, 2020). This study aimed to analyze how King County residents experienced the lockdown and the impact it had on their daily activities, behaviors, and well-being. We examined the age and the dynamics within the household including household size and how they relate to the person’s experience of loneliness. The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Appendix A; Russel et al., 1978) was distributed online through Qualtrics, an online survey provider. The participants were adults between the ages of 18-65 living in King County during the lockdown. We hypothesized (H1) that people living alone or in crowded households experienced the highest levels of loneliness during the COVID quarantine and (H2) that age groups experienced isolation differently, specifically loneliness increases with age. The results demonstrate a significant main effect for age. The largest differences in feelings of loneliness were found between the youngest age group (18-24) and the oldest age group (55-64), although it appears that overall loneliness decreased as age increased. No significant effects were found for household size which contradicts the findings of previous studies.
在2019冠状病毒病全球大流行期间，个人必须学会应对隔离并适应新的社会协议(Nooraie等人，2021年)。在华盛顿州，为应对COVID-19病例激增，于2020年3月至5月发布了封锁令(2020年华盛顿州州长)。本研究旨在分析金县居民如何经历封锁，以及封锁对他们的日常活动、行为和福祉的影响。我们研究了年龄和家庭内部的动态，包括家庭规模以及它们与个人孤独感的关系。加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独量表(附录A;Russel et al.， 1978)通过在线调查提供商Qualtrics在线分发。参与者是在封锁期间住在金县的18-65岁的成年人。我们假设(H1)独居或拥挤家庭的人在COVID隔离期间经历了最高程度的孤独感，(H2)不同年龄组的孤独感不同，特别是孤独感随着年龄的增长而增加。结果表明，年龄是主要影响因素。最年轻的年龄组(18-24岁)和最年长的年龄组(55-64岁)之间的孤独感差异最大，尽管整体孤独感似乎随着年龄的增长而下降。没有发现家庭规模的显著影响，这与之前的研究结果相矛盾。
{"title":"Impact On Loneliness During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown Based On Age and Household Size","authors":"Alexis Cherry, Angela Simler, Sylvia Waldron, Celeste London","doi":"10.54581/ickm7842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54581/ickm7842","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 global pandemic, individuals have had to learn to cope with isolation and adjust to new social protocols (Nooraie et al., 2021). In Washington state, a lockdown mandate was issued between March to May 2020 in response to a surge in COVID-19 cases (Washington Governor, 2020). This study aimed to analyze how King County residents experienced the lockdown and the impact it had on their daily activities, behaviors, and well-being. We examined the age and the dynamics within the household including household size and how they relate to the person’s experience of loneliness. The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Appendix A; Russel et al., 1978) was distributed online through Qualtrics, an online survey provider. The participants were adults between the ages of 18-65 living in King County during the lockdown. We hypothesized (H1) that people living alone or in crowded households experienced the highest levels of loneliness during the COVID quarantine and (H2) that age groups experienced isolation differently, specifically loneliness increases with age. The results demonstrate a significant main effect for age. The largest differences in feelings of loneliness were found between the youngest age group (18-24) and the oldest age group (55-64), although it appears that overall loneliness decreased as age increased. No significant effects were found for household size which contradicts the findings of previous studies.","PeriodicalId":269565,"journal":{"name":"Psi Beta Research Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129796701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nancy Ko, Maddy Welcom, Tran Nguyen, J. Dwyer, Devon Brosnan
The feeling of connectedness with others in society reduces suicide, improves well-being, and enhances effective learning (Jones et al., 2022; Jorgenson et al., 2018). This study examined possible variables contributing to campus connectedness (CC) among students and if such connectedness decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that emotional stability, self-efficacy for initiating conversation, extraversion, and participation in an honor society would positively predict CC. We also expected CC scores to decrease due to the COVID-19 pandemic. To test these hypotheses, we distributed an online questionnaire to Orange Coast College students as part of the 2021-22 Psi Beta National Research Project. Measures included Campus Connectedness, Interpersonal Communication Efficacy Scales, and the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI). The project received 1,412 useful responses from community college students nationwide. First, a comparison of CC scores from the current questionnaire and a pre-pandemic study found a decrease in CC. Next, multiple regression analysis indicated that all hypothesized variables, except extraversion, were significant predictors for CC, collectively accounting for approximately 15% of CC variability. Further regression analyses revealed that self-efficacy for initiating conversation significantly mediated the relationship between extraversion and CC. Lastly, participation in an honor society significantly increased CC. Based on our findings, colleges may want to find ways to increase campus connectedness by helping students increase their confidence in initiating conversation and encouraging them to participate in honor societies or other campus organizations.
在社会中与他人联系的感觉减少了自杀，提高了幸福感，并增强了有效的学习(Jones et al.， 2022;Jorgenson et al.， 2018)。本研究调查了影响学生校园连通性(CC)的可能变量，以及这种连通性在COVID-19大流行期间是否有所下降。我们假设情绪稳定性、发起对话的自我效能、外向性和参与荣誉社会会积极预测CC，我们还预计CC分数会因COVID-19大流行而下降。为了验证这些假设，我们向橙海岸学院的学生分发了一份在线问卷，作为2021-22 Psi Beta国家研究项目的一部分。测量包括校园连通性、人际沟通效能量表和十项人格量表(TIPI)。该项目收到了来自全国社区大学生的1412份有用的回复。首先，比较当前问卷和流行病前研究的CC得分发现，CC有所下降。其次，多元回归分析表明，除外向性外，所有假设变量都是CC的重要预测因素，总共约占CC变异性的15%。最后，参与荣誉社团显著提高了CC。基于我们的研究结果，高校可能需要通过帮助学生提高发起会话的信心，鼓励他们参与荣誉社团或其他校园组织来提高校园连通性。
{"title":"An Examination of Factors Predicting College Connectedness During a National Pandemic","authors":"Nancy Ko, Maddy Welcom, Tran Nguyen, J. Dwyer, Devon Brosnan","doi":"10.54581/muvt5289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54581/muvt5289","url":null,"abstract":"The feeling of connectedness with others in society reduces suicide, improves well-being, and enhances effective learning (Jones et al., 2022; Jorgenson et al., 2018). This study examined possible variables contributing to campus connectedness (CC) among students and if such connectedness decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that emotional stability, self-efficacy for initiating conversation, extraversion, and participation in an honor society would positively predict CC. We also expected CC scores to decrease due to the COVID-19 pandemic. To test these hypotheses, we distributed an online questionnaire to Orange Coast College students as part of the 2021-22 Psi Beta National Research Project. Measures included Campus Connectedness, Interpersonal Communication Efficacy Scales, and the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI). The project received 1,412 useful responses from community college students nationwide. First, a comparison of CC scores from the current questionnaire and a pre-pandemic study found a decrease in CC. Next, multiple regression analysis indicated that all hypothesized variables, except extraversion, were significant predictors for CC, collectively accounting for approximately 15% of CC variability. Further regression analyses revealed that self-efficacy for initiating conversation significantly mediated the relationship between extraversion and CC. Lastly, participation in an honor society significantly increased CC. Based on our findings, colleges may want to find ways to increase campus connectedness by helping students increase their confidence in initiating conversation and encouraging them to participate in honor societies or other campus organizations.","PeriodicalId":269565,"journal":{"name":"Psi Beta Research Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126514544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Kester, Ruth Castillo, Tyler Wong, Andrew Cook, Oubadah Alwan, Sevilla Leuteneker, Hazel Halili
The proposed research aims to explore the influences of authority power and social proof while considering personality characteristics in a post-pandemic virtual environment. This study will be conducted online as a conceptual replication of a recent experimental study (Danay et al., 2016) that was conducted in person and compared social influence strategies drawn from two of psychology’s most classic studies. This replication will include several personality factors. Scripts, language, inflection, and tone will imitate the classic Milgram experiments of the 1960s to display authority power, while a virtual version of the classic Asch line study will mimic social proof (Asch, 1955; Milgram, 1963). Participants will choose between Milgram’s authoritative commands and Asch’s intense social pressure. Prior to entering the live experiment participants will complete the Big 5 Inventory (BFI; McCrae & Costa, 2003), Locus of Control Scale (LCS; Rotter, 1966), and Adult Attachment Questionnaire (Simpson, et al., 1996). The two social forces (authority vs. social pressure) will be compared during the proposed study. The hypotheses posed are as follows: H1) It is expected that a majority of participants will be influenced by social proof rather than authority. H2) Agreeableness and openness will negatively correlate with authority and positively correlate with social proof. H3) External locus of control will positively correlate with authority. H4) Individuals with an avoidant attachment style will adhere to authority while anxiously attached individuals will follow social proof. This research may provide insight into forces that influence an individual’s judgment in a virtual environment.
本研究旨在探讨流行病后虚拟环境中权威权力和社会认同的影响，同时考虑人格特征。这项研究将作为最近一项实验研究(Danay et al.， 2016)的概念复制在网上进行，该研究是亲自进行的，并比较了从两个心理学最经典的研究中得出的社会影响策略。这种复制将包括几个个性因素。剧本、语言、语调和语调将模仿20世纪60年代经典的米尔格拉姆实验来展示权威权力，而经典的Asch线研究的虚拟版本将模仿社会证明(Asch, 1955;米尔格拉姆,1963)。参与者将在米尔格拉姆的权威命令和阿施的强烈社会压力之间做出选择。在进入现场实验之前，参与者将完成Big 5 Inventory (BFI;mcrae & Costa, 2003)，控制点量表(LCS;Rotter, 1966)和成人依恋问卷(Simpson, et, 1996)。这两种社会力量(权威与社会压力)将在拟议的研究中进行比较。提出的假设如下:H1)预计大多数参与者将受到社会认同而不是权威的影响。H2)亲和性和开放性与权威负相关，与社会认同正相关。H3)外部控制点与权威呈正相关。H4)回避型依恋倾向于服从权威，而焦虑型依恋倾向于服从社会认同。这项研究可能会让我们深入了解在虚拟环境中影响个人判断的力量。
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Due to the rise of positive psychology, mindfulness and self-compassion have become part of Western culture, and research on these topics is growing at an exponential rate. Mindfulness and self-compassion help an individual recognize, accept, investigate, and determine the cause of suffering. When people are faced with difficult life struggles such as symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression, practitioners of mindfulness and self-compassion often respond with kindness and self-love, recognizing that imperfection is part of human nature (Neff, 2011). With the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic such as adjusting to virtual campuses and increasing isolation, students, in particular, are experiencing more difficulty in coping with this unprecedented global situation. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between mindfulness and self-compassion with the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress of community college students. We predicted that students who were more likely to seek out support from others and/or engage in self-care practices will experience lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The participants were recruited from a local community college and they completed an online survey, which included the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1994), Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer et al. 2012), Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003a), and demographic information. Our findings provide important insight into providing self-care practices such as mindfulness and self-compassion training on college campuses to help students develop and strengthen their emotional awareness, resiliency,and overall well-being.
由于积极心理学的兴起，正念和自我同情已经成为西方文化的一部分，对这些主题的研究正以指数级的速度增长。正念和自我同情帮助一个人认识、接受、调查和确定痛苦的原因。当人们面临困难的生活斗争，如压力、焦虑和抑郁的症状时，正念和自我同情的实践者通常会以善良和自爱来回应，认识到不完美是人性的一部分(Neff, 2011)。面对新冠肺炎疫情带来的适应虚拟校园、隔离加剧等挑战，学生们在应对这一前所未有的全球形势方面面临着更大的困难。本研究旨在探讨正念和自我同情与社区大学生抑郁、焦虑和压力水平之间的关系。我们预测，那些更有可能寻求他人支持和/或从事自我护理实践的学生将经历更低水平的压力、焦虑和抑郁症状。参与者从当地一所社区大学招募，他们完成了一项在线调查，包括抑郁焦虑压力量表(Lovibond & Lovibond, 1994)，五方面正念问卷(Baer et al. 2012)，自我同情量表(Neff, 2003a)和人口统计信息。我们的研究结果为在大学校园提供自我护理实践(如正念和自我同情训练)提供了重要的见解，以帮助学生发展和加强他们的情感意识、弹性和整体幸福感。
{"title":"How Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Relate to the Inclination of Seeking Support and to Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Levels","authors":"Eleni Stogianni, Eta K. Lin","doi":"10.54581/parf6856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54581/parf6856","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the rise of positive psychology, mindfulness and self-compassion have become part of Western culture, and research on these topics is growing at an exponential rate. Mindfulness and self-compassion help an individual recognize, accept, investigate, and determine the cause of suffering. When people are faced with difficult life struggles such as symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression, practitioners of mindfulness and self-compassion often respond with kindness and self-love, recognizing that imperfection is part of human nature (Neff, 2011). With the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic such as adjusting to virtual campuses and increasing isolation, students, in particular, are experiencing more difficulty in coping with this unprecedented global situation. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between mindfulness and self-compassion with the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress of community college students. We predicted that students who were more likely to seek out support from others and/or engage in self-care practices will experience lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The participants were recruited from a local community college and they completed an online survey, which included the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1994), Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer et al. 2012), Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003a), and demographic information. Our findings provide important insight into providing self-care practices such as mindfulness and self-compassion training on college campuses to help students develop and strengthen their emotional awareness, resiliency,and overall well-being.","PeriodicalId":269565,"journal":{"name":"Psi Beta Research Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128882674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madison Calvert, Madison Linden, Katie Kyser, Kassi Zeinert, M. Foust
Internet use has become a prominent part of everyday life, with some individuals using the internet as a tool and others for entertainment. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether individuals with certain personality traits are more likely to engage in excessive internet use behaviors.
{"title":"Personality Correlates of Gaming and Pornography Use","authors":"Madison Calvert, Madison Linden, Katie Kyser, Kassi Zeinert, M. Foust","doi":"10.54581/jpwv2620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54581/jpwv2620","url":null,"abstract":"Internet use has become a prominent part of everyday life, with some individuals using the internet as a tool and others for entertainment. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether individuals with certain personality traits are more likely to engage in excessive internet use behaviors.","PeriodicalId":269565,"journal":{"name":"Psi Beta Research Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116965071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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