This paper is a methodological review paper on image compression using Burrows Wheeler Transform. Normally BWT is used for text compression but it has been recently applied to image compression field. Basically it is a lossless compression technique which is used for high level resolution.This paper proposes about several scheme added with BWT to improve the performance of image compression which helps us to formulate a new technique for the further improvement in BWT. Here many authorshave different type of representation of BWT for better compression.
{"title":"A Survey on Image Compression using Burrows Wheeler Transform","authors":"Manasi Rath, Suvendu Rup","doi":"10.21013/JTE.V6.N2.P3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.V6.N2.P3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a methodological review paper on image compression using Burrows Wheeler Transform. Normally BWT is used for text compression but it has been recently applied to image compression field. Basically it is a lossless compression technique which is used for high level resolution.This paper proposes about several scheme added with BWT to improve the performance of image compression which helps us to formulate a new technique for the further improvement in BWT. Here many authorshave different type of representation of BWT for better compression.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123454499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a study on multi level customers from three integrated network design and management of inventory to distribute from the various centres. The distribution process is performed through the warehouses situated in different location. Then the assignment will be shipped through the agent of the distribution centres. The main objective of this inventory model is to reduce the transportation and handling costs in the logistics network. This network design to establish the proper shipment model for clear the inventory and to provide an equivalent linear formulation. To prove effectiveness of the model, the strategy for handling the inventory is also proposed to in this study. The results also suggested that the distribution centres with high holding capacities should be arranged and scheduled to deliver their shipments.
{"title":"Logistics Network Design, Shipment Consolidation in a Distribution Centre – Warehouses – Customers Integrated Inventory Model","authors":"W. Ritha, S. Sutha","doi":"10.21013/JTE.V6.N2.P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.V6.N2.P1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study on multi level customers from three integrated network design and management of inventory to distribute from the various centres. The distribution process is performed through the warehouses situated in different location. Then the assignment will be shipped through the agent of the distribution centres. The main objective of this inventory model is to reduce the transportation and handling costs in the logistics network. This network design to establish the proper shipment model for clear the inventory and to provide an equivalent linear formulation. To prove effectiveness of the model, the strategy for handling the inventory is also proposed to in this study. The results also suggested that the distribution centres with high holding capacities should be arranged and scheduled to deliver their shipments.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117245276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Menthol mint oil is distilled by water steam distillation from leaves of Mentha arvensis and is the most importance source of L-menthol. It contains L-menthol 68.3%, menthone 8.2%, isomenthone 4.4%, menthyl acetate 4.3%, mixture of isomers of menthol 4.5%, cis-3- hexanal 0.2-% and limonene 1.2%, However percentage of components depends on the genetic and ecological conditions. Major component L-Menthol is isolated by freezing at low temperature with the recovery of around 65% in form of menthol flakes and the remaining material is known as DMO or dementholised oil (30%). During the process 1% loss is generally found. All the components are being used in Flavours, Pharmaceuticals, Tobacco and other cosmetic Industries.
{"title":"Chemical Profile and Extraction Technique of Oil of Mentha Arvensis","authors":"M. Nadeem, B. Saxena, N. Akbar","doi":"10.21013/JTE.V6.N2.P2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.V6.N2.P2","url":null,"abstract":"Menthol mint oil is distilled by water steam distillation from leaves of Mentha arvensis and is the most importance source of L-menthol. It contains L-menthol 68.3%, menthone 8.2%, isomenthone 4.4%, menthyl acetate 4.3%, mixture of isomers of menthol 4.5%, cis-3- hexanal 0.2-% and limonene 1.2%, However percentage of components depends on the genetic and ecological conditions. Major component L-Menthol is isolated by freezing at low temperature with the recovery of around 65% in form of menthol flakes and the remaining material is known as DMO or dementholised oil (30%). During the process 1% loss is generally found. All the components are being used in Flavours, Pharmaceuticals, Tobacco and other cosmetic Industries.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133542379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy is the most important and crucial issue in the wireless sensor networks since the entire sensor nodes are battery powered devices. As a result, energy efficiency and prolonging network lifetime are a challenge. In order to increase the lifetime of the battery-based sensing nodes, it is essential to minimize the consumed energy in the sensing process . With this objective, specific erasure codes called fountain codes are introduced. Fountain codes' performances can be further improved if they are merged with the strategy of grouping sensor nodes into clusters. In order to reach the energy minimization and network lifetime prolonging, the first step, is to completely know the sources of energy consumption. In this paper, sources of energy consumption with various techniques used have been studied and investigated. Furthermore, a survey has been provided for the energy consumption model by using these two techniques.
{"title":"Energy Consumption with Fountain Codes and Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey & Analysis","authors":"F. Belabed, R. Bouallègue","doi":"10.21013/JTE.V6.N1.P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.V6.N1.P1","url":null,"abstract":"Energy is the most important and crucial issue in the wireless sensor networks since the entire sensor nodes are battery powered devices. As a result, energy efficiency and prolonging network lifetime are a challenge. In order to increase the lifetime of the battery-based sensing nodes, it is essential to minimize the consumed energy in the sensing process . With this objective, specific erasure codes called fountain codes are introduced. Fountain codes' performances can be further improved if they are merged with the strategy of grouping sensor nodes into clusters. In order to reach the energy minimization and network lifetime prolonging, the first step, is to completely know the sources of energy consumption. In this paper, sources of energy consumption with various techniques used have been studied and investigated. Furthermore, a survey has been provided for the energy consumption model by using these two techniques.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127686981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arch structures have been utilized through the ages, beginning in the ancient civilizations of Greece, Egypt and Rome, to present day with their common use in bridges. Arches are well known for the ability to carry loads spanning large areas. Also now a day’s Ferrocement is being used extensively for various applications where use of normal concrete is hard to fulfil the present day requirements. In this paper experimental studies are carried out to understand the flexural behaviour of Reinforced concrete beams of grade M20 with HYSD reinforcement and Ferrocement hollow beams of cement to sand ratio of 1:3 and water cement ratio of 0.4. A total of four beams were cast in which two are straight beams and another two are arched beams. In that two straight beam, one is reinforced concrete beam with minimum reinforcement and another one is Ferrocement hollow beam and in two arch beams, one is reinforced concrete beam and other is Ferrocement hollow beam. All beams are rectangular in cross-section of size 200 x 200 mm and the span length is 2500 mm. The arch beam is provided with a rise at centre of 0.8 m. The Ferrocement beam is made of mortar with hollow cross section using hexagonal wire mesh with thickness of 40 mm and all the specimens are cured for 28 days. Flexural tests are carried out on conventional RC beam and Ferrocement hollow beams for simply supported condition. The test results are presented in terms of load deflection behaviour, ultimate load, cracking load and crack pattern with respect to reinforced concrete beam and Ferrocement hollow beam.
{"title":"Experimental Studies on Reinforced Concrete and Ferrocement Beams","authors":"N. Jayaramappa","doi":"10.21013/jte.v5.n3.p4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jte.v5.n3.p4","url":null,"abstract":"Arch structures have been utilized through the ages, beginning in the ancient civilizations of Greece, Egypt and Rome, to present day with their common use in bridges. Arches are well known for the ability to carry loads spanning large areas. Also now a day’s Ferrocement is being used extensively for various applications where use of normal concrete is hard to fulfil the present day requirements. In this paper experimental studies are carried out to understand the flexural behaviour of Reinforced concrete beams of grade M20 with HYSD reinforcement and Ferrocement hollow beams of cement to sand ratio of 1:3 and water cement ratio of 0.4. A total of four beams were cast in which two are straight beams and another two are arched beams. In that two straight beam, one is reinforced concrete beam with minimum reinforcement and another one is Ferrocement hollow beam and in two arch beams, one is reinforced concrete beam and other is Ferrocement hollow beam. All beams are rectangular in cross-section of size 200 x 200 mm and the span length is 2500 mm. The arch beam is provided with a rise at centre of 0.8 m. The Ferrocement beam is made of mortar with hollow cross section using hexagonal wire mesh with thickness of 40 mm and all the specimens are cured for 28 days. Flexural tests are carried out on conventional RC beam and Ferrocement hollow beams for simply supported condition. The test results are presented in terms of load deflection behaviour, ultimate load, cracking load and crack pattern with respect to reinforced concrete beam and Ferrocement hollow beam.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"221 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129890930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is well recognized fact that some areas of the world have anomalously high levels of natural background radiation referred to as high background radiation areas (HBRAs). Typical examples include Yangjiang in China, Rasmar in Iran and In India, part of coastal areas of Kerala and Tamil Nadu fall in this category. It has been established earlier that the cause for this high background is the presence of monazite (thorium). This study focuses on the estimation of the environmental radioactivity levels in the beach sands of Thiruvanathapuram district, Kerala. Using high resolution gamma ray spectroscopy activity concentrations of 40 K, 238 U & 232 Th were estimated. Activity concentrations ranged from 17-154 Bq/kg for 40 K, from 4 to 100 Bq/kg for 238 U and from 6 to 296 Bq/kg for 232 Th.The mean activity concentration values obtained for the radionuclide are below than the world average values reported by the UNSCEAR. Subsequently assessed radiological effects show that the mean radium equivalent activity is 65 Bq/kg. The range of the calculated air exposure rate was between 14.2 to 228.1 nGy/h in both 0 m from the Waves and 10 m from the Waves. The values of external and internal radiation hazard indices are found to be less than unity. Measured natural radioactivity, hazard indices and effective dose received by the population were found to within the recommended limits. This work provides a good baseline data of natural radioactive elements for the sand of the area and its radiological significance.
{"title":"Assessment of Beach sand using Gamma Ray Spectrometer in Thiruvanathapuram District, Kerala of South India","authors":"A. Abinesh, S. G","doi":"10.21013/JTE.V5.N3.P2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.V5.N3.P2","url":null,"abstract":"It is well recognized fact that some areas of the world have anomalously high levels of natural background radiation referred to as high background radiation areas (HBRAs). Typical examples include Yangjiang in China, Rasmar in Iran and In India, part of coastal areas of Kerala and Tamil Nadu fall in this category. It has been established earlier that the cause for this high background is the presence of monazite (thorium). This study focuses on the estimation of the environmental radioactivity levels in the beach sands of Thiruvanathapuram district, Kerala. Using high resolution gamma ray spectroscopy activity concentrations of 40 K, 238 U & 232 Th were estimated. Activity concentrations ranged from 17-154 Bq/kg for 40 K, from 4 to 100 Bq/kg for 238 U and from 6 to 296 Bq/kg for 232 Th.The mean activity concentration values obtained for the radionuclide are below than the world average values reported by the UNSCEAR. Subsequently assessed radiological effects show that the mean radium equivalent activity is 65 Bq/kg. The range of the calculated air exposure rate was between 14.2 to 228.1 nGy/h in both 0 m from the Waves and 10 m from the Waves. The values of external and internal radiation hazard indices are found to be less than unity. Measured natural radioactivity, hazard indices and effective dose received by the population were found to within the recommended limits. This work provides a good baseline data of natural radioactive elements for the sand of the area and its radiological significance.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125473157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The access to digital data by the users has increased in recent times with the advent of data communication technologies and its popularization. The data which is in digital form has to pass through insecure channels, for example when a user accesses the Internet, the privacy of data becomes a major issue. The area of Information Security has to play a crucial role when it comes to protecting the privacy of digital data. Cryptography is one such part of Information Security field where a sender’s message gets encrypted and the message gets decrypted at the receiver’s end. From time to time, various cryptographic schemes have been developed among which the Private Key Cryptography and Public Key Cryptography techniques are prominent. Moreover many special Signature Schemes which are part of cryptographic protocols have been providing security in dealing with digital transactions. This paper focuses on the use of modern cryptographic schemes and their importance in digital data communication system.
{"title":"A Study on Modern Cryptographic Primitives and Signature Schemes","authors":"J. Das, S. Kakoty, Majidul Ahmed","doi":"10.21013/JTE.V5.N3.P3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.V5.N3.P3","url":null,"abstract":"The access to digital data by the users has increased in recent times with the advent of data communication technologies and its popularization. The data which is in digital form has to pass through insecure channels, for example when a user accesses the Internet, the privacy of data becomes a major issue. The area of Information Security has to play a crucial role when it comes to protecting the privacy of digital data. Cryptography is one such part of Information Security field where a sender’s message gets encrypted and the message gets decrypted at the receiver’s end. From time to time, various cryptographic schemes have been developed among which the Private Key Cryptography and Public Key Cryptography techniques are prominent. Moreover many special Signature Schemes which are part of cryptographic protocols have been providing security in dealing with digital transactions. This paper focuses on the use of modern cryptographic schemes and their importance in digital data communication system.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116496666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a huge body of evidence in the literature that exposure to radio frequency (RF) has been linked to a variety of adverse health outcomes that may have significant health problems for user of mobile phone. Credible scientific evidences are there that RF radiation from cellular system is responsible to create effect that may be either short term (sleep disruption, lack of concentration, behavioral changes etc) or long term (DNA damage, altered immune function, miscarriage risks, etc.). Cellular region of frequency spectrum covers a vital range of frequency worldwide. It uses Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) and Mobile Station (MS) for its operation therefore the emission of energy from BTS and MS is quite dangerous and needs everyone attention. In second generation systems, BTS works on frequency reuse concept and after few kilometers, we found another BTS to serve the mobile phone. BTS power gets reduced as the distance from BTS to MS increases. At such condition, mobile starts to emit more power to maintain the link and sometimes switches to another nearby BTS area. A new emerging technology, Light- Fidelity (Li-Fi) is in consideration for future use of communication because it is capable to work safe against health hazards. It can be understood as a carrier to transmit data wirelessly in spite of using radio waves. In this paper, we tried to check the effects of radio frequency at various conditions. These conditions are studied carefully and a comparative analysis is done (based on available literature) to aware mankind regarding harmful effects of radiation from cellular system on human body and also focus on its proposed remedy to overcome the hazardous effects of electromagnetic radiation.
{"title":"Effect of Radio Frequency from Cellular System on Human Body & Its Potential Remedy Li-Fi for Next Generation Wireless Network","authors":"Pragati Sharma, A. Gautam","doi":"10.21013/JTE.V5.N3.P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.V5.N3.P1","url":null,"abstract":"There is a huge body of evidence in the literature that exposure to radio frequency (RF) has been linked to a variety of adverse health outcomes that may have significant health problems for user of mobile phone. Credible scientific evidences are there that RF radiation from cellular system is responsible to create effect that may be either short term (sleep disruption, lack of concentration, behavioral changes etc) or long term (DNA damage, altered immune function, miscarriage risks, etc.). Cellular region of frequency spectrum covers a vital range of frequency worldwide. It uses Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) and Mobile Station (MS) for its operation therefore the emission of energy from BTS and MS is quite dangerous and needs everyone attention. In second generation systems, BTS works on frequency reuse concept and after few kilometers, we found another BTS to serve the mobile phone. BTS power gets reduced as the distance from BTS to MS increases. At such condition, mobile starts to emit more power to maintain the link and sometimes switches to another nearby BTS area. A new emerging technology, Light- Fidelity (Li-Fi) is in consideration for future use of communication because it is capable to work safe against health hazards. It can be understood as a carrier to transmit data wirelessly in spite of using radio waves. In this paper, we tried to check the effects of radio frequency at various conditions. These conditions are studied carefully and a comparative analysis is done (based on available literature) to aware mankind regarding harmful effects of radiation from cellular system on human body and also focus on its proposed remedy to overcome the hazardous effects of electromagnetic radiation.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121443856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Total quality management (TQM) is a set of opinions and ideas that widely called “management philosophy”. This management technique is able to assist the construction firms in improving continuously the organization's performance, in order to satisfy customers and survive in the market. The success of TQM implementation is tightly dependent on identifying and selecting the appropriate critical success factors (CSFs), quality tools, and performance measures (KPIs) within TQM framework. Doubtlessly, a set of suitable performance measures (indicators) has a significant role to verify and ensure that TQM implementation can successfully achieve its aims in the organization. Thus, the main purpose of this paper was to develop a suitable framework to assess the effects of TQM implementation on organization's performance in construction industry. For this aim, the study was conducted a comprehensive literature review to specify the existing key performance indicators (KPIs) from 26 TQM frameworks that formulated by scholars. In data analysis, the only 20 KPIs were found of 26 TQM studies. The extracted KPIs (20) classified based on four dimensions of balanced scorecard (BSC), and then arranged from highest to lowest frequency for each perspective of BSC. Finally, a total of ten KPIs were determined and presented within BSC system as an appropriate performance measures framework, which enables evaluating critical areas that very vital to the success of TQM implementation in construction firms at project and enterprise levels.
{"title":"Developing an Appropriate Performance Measurement Framework for Total Quality Management (TQM) in Construction and Other Industries","authors":"Behnam Neyestani, Joseph Berlin P. Juanzon","doi":"10.21013/JTE.V5.N2.P2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.V5.N2.P2","url":null,"abstract":"Total quality management (TQM) is a set of opinions and ideas that widely called “management philosophy”. This management technique is able to assist the construction firms in improving continuously the organization's performance, in order to satisfy customers and survive in the market. The success of TQM implementation is tightly dependent on identifying and selecting the appropriate critical success factors (CSFs), quality tools, and performance measures (KPIs) within TQM framework. Doubtlessly, a set of suitable performance measures (indicators) has a significant role to verify and ensure that TQM implementation can successfully achieve its aims in the organization. Thus, the main purpose of this paper was to develop a suitable framework to assess the effects of TQM implementation on organization's performance in construction industry. For this aim, the study was conducted a comprehensive literature review to specify the existing key performance indicators (KPIs) from 26 TQM frameworks that formulated by scholars. In data analysis, the only 20 KPIs were found of 26 TQM studies. The extracted KPIs (20) classified based on four dimensions of balanced scorecard (BSC), and then arranged from highest to lowest frequency for each perspective of BSC. Finally, a total of ten KPIs were determined and presented within BSC system as an appropriate performance measures framework, which enables evaluating critical areas that very vital to the success of TQM implementation in construction firms at project and enterprise levels.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116648906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Machine Translation has been an area of linguistic research for almost more than two decades now. But it still remains a very challenging task for devising an automated system which will deliver accurate translations of the natural languages. However, great strides have been made in this field with more success owing to the development of technologies of the web and off late there is a renewed interest in this area of research. Technological advancements in the preceding two decades have influenced Machine Translation in a considerable way. Several MT approaches including Statistical Machine Translation greatly benefitted from these advancements, basically making use of the availability of extensive corpora. Web technology web3.0 uses the semantic web technology which represents any object or resource in the web both syntactically and semantically. This type of representation is very much useful for the computing systems to search any content on the internet similar to lexical search and improve the internet based translations making it more effective and efficient. In this paper we propose a technique to improve existing statistical Machine Translation methods by making use of semantic web technology. Our focus will be on Tamil and Tamil to English MT. The proposed method could successfully integrate a semantic web technique in the process of WSD which forms part of the MT system. The integration is accomplished by using the capabilities of RDFS and OWL into the WSD component of the MT model. The contribution of this work lies in showing that integrating a Semantic web technique in the WSD system significantly improves the performance of a statistical MT system for a translation from Tamil to English. In this paper we assume the availability of large corpora in Tamil language and specific domain based ontologies with Tamil semantic web technology using web3.0. We are positive on the expansion and development of Tamil semantic web and subsequently infer that Tamil to English MT will greatly improve the disambiguation concept apart from other related benefits. This method could enable the enhancement of translation quality by improving on word sense disambiguation process while text is translated from Tamil to English language. This method can also be extended to other languages such as Hindi and Indian Languages.
{"title":"Word Sense Disambiguation Using Semantic Web for Tamil to English Statistical Machine Translation","authors":"Santosh Kumar T.S.","doi":"10.21013/JTE.V5.N2.P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.V5.N2.P1","url":null,"abstract":"Machine Translation has been an area of linguistic research for almost more than two decades now. But it still remains a very challenging task for devising an automated system which will deliver accurate translations of the natural languages. However, great strides have been made in this field with more success owing to the development of technologies of the web and off late there is a renewed interest in this area of research. Technological advancements in the preceding two decades have influenced Machine Translation in a considerable way. Several MT approaches including Statistical Machine Translation greatly benefitted from these advancements, basically making use of the availability of extensive corpora. Web technology web3.0 uses the semantic web technology which represents any object or resource in the web both syntactically and semantically. This type of representation is very much useful for the computing systems to search any content on the internet similar to lexical search and improve the internet based translations making it more effective and efficient. In this paper we propose a technique to improve existing statistical Machine Translation methods by making use of semantic web technology. Our focus will be on Tamil and Tamil to English MT. The proposed method could successfully integrate a semantic web technique in the process of WSD which forms part of the MT system. The integration is accomplished by using the capabilities of RDFS and OWL into the WSD component of the MT model. The contribution of this work lies in showing that integrating a Semantic web technique in the WSD system significantly improves the performance of a statistical MT system for a translation from Tamil to English. In this paper we assume the availability of large corpora in Tamil language and specific domain based ontologies with Tamil semantic web technology using web3.0. We are positive on the expansion and development of Tamil semantic web and subsequently infer that Tamil to English MT will greatly improve the disambiguation concept apart from other related benefits. This method could enable the enhancement of translation quality by improving on word sense disambiguation process while text is translated from Tamil to English language. This method can also be extended to other languages such as Hindi and Indian Languages.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128769292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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