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METHODS FOR CALCULATING WATER USE FOR DAIRY PRODUCTS PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE PROCESSED RAW MATERIALS AND TYPES OF PRODUCED PRODUCTS 考虑加工原料和产品种类的乳制品生产企业用水量计算方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.46646/2521-683x/2021-2-93-103
P. Zakharko, S. A. Dubianok
Regulation of water use at industrial enterprises, especially at water-intensive enterprises, in a changing climate is an important economic and environmental task. One of the ways of sustainable water use at enterprises is the constant planning of water consumption and wastewater disposal in relation to the volumes and types of products produced. From a scientific point of view, at water-intensive enterprises, the most reasonable approach to optimizing water use is the development of individual technological standards for water use (water consumption and disposal). Dairy enterprises are quite water- intensive, the water use of which depends on a number of factors: assortment of raw materials for the production of products and types of products; diversification of production processes; the formation and processing of by-products, which often leads to an increase in the volume of wastewater formation in relation to the volume of water consumption; technologies for sanitizing equipment. Taking into account the specifics of production processes, a Methodology for calculating water use for enterprises for the production of dairy products, taking into account the processed raw materials and manufactured products, has been developed. The Methodology substantiates the need to change the terminology in terms of water use rationing, developed criteria for choosing two approaches to the development of individual technological standards for water use, detailed articles of water consumption and water disposal, and clarified certain parameters for their calculation. Approbation of the Methodology showed that the proposed approaches and individual parameters for calculating water use items allow the enterprise to more accurately predict the volumes of water consumption and wastewater disposal when planning production activities, which is especially important for water-intensive industries in conditions of limited available water resources.
在气候变化的情况下,对工业企业,特别是用水密集型企业的用水进行管制是一项重要的经济和环境任务。企业可持续用水的方法之一是根据生产的产品的数量和类型不断规划用水量和废水处理。从科学的观点来看,在用水密集的企业,优化用水的最合理办法是为用水(水的消耗和处理)制订个别的技术标准。乳品企业耗水量很大,其用水量取决于以下几个因素:生产产品的原材料种类和产品类型;生产过程多样化;副产品的形成和处理,这往往导致废水的形成量相对于用水量增加;消毒设备技术。考虑到生产过程的具体情况,已经制定了一种计算乳制品生产企业用水量的方法,其中考虑到加工的原材料和制成品。《方法》表明,有必要改变供水配给方面的术语,制定了选择两种方法的标准,以制定单独的用水技术标准,详细说明了用水和水处理的条款,并澄清了计算这些标准的某些参数。对该方法的认可表明,所提出的计算用水项目的方法和个别参数使企业在规划生产活动时能够更准确地预测用水量和废水处理量,这对水资源有限的情况下的用水密集型工业尤其重要。
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引用次数: 0
EVALUATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS EFFECTIVENESS FOR UNFOLDING GAMMA-SPECTRUM OF 137CS 人工神经网络对137cs γ谱展开的有效性评价
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.46646/2521-683x/2021-2-44-54
A. Nikitin, E. Mischenko, O. Shurankova
Development of machine learning methods for spectrum processing is one of the most promising ways for gamma- spectrometry automation and accuracy improvement. Effectiveness of fully connected and convolution neural networks for quantitative γ-spectrometry analysis using scintillation detector NaI(Tl) and lead shielding is presented in the article. Semi-synthetic spectrums were used for the models training; the semi-synthetic spectrums are in channels additions of random spectrums measured at a short duration. The analysis shows advantages of artificial neural networks compare to the common analytical method of spectrum unfolding. The mean square error of activity evaluation is 2–4 times lower than the common method if measuring time is equal to 100 s. In highly standardized conditions of measuring, the advantages of convolution neural networks appear with increasing radiation source activity. Validation with sources not used in training of neural networks has shown fully connected and convolution neural networks can have advantages over the standard method when activity of γ-radiation source is relatively high.
开发用于光谱处理的机器学习方法是提高伽马能谱自动化和准确性的最有前途的方法之一。本文介绍了全连接和卷积神经网络在利用闪烁检测器NaI(Tl)和铅屏蔽进行定量γ光谱分析中的有效性。半合成光谱用于模型训练;半合成光谱是在短时间内测量的随机光谱的信道加法。分析表明,人工神经网络与常用的频谱展开分析方法相比具有优势。当测量时间为100 s时,活度评价的均方误差比常用方法小2-4倍。在高度标准化的测量条件下,随着辐射源活度的增加,卷积神经网络的优势显现出来。对未用于神经网络训练的源的验证表明,当γ辐射源的活度相对较高时,卷积神经网络比标准方法具有完全连接的优势。
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引用次数: 0
OBTAINING NICKEL-CONTAINING PIGMENTS FROM LIQUID WASTE GALVANIC PRODUCTION 从废电废液中获得含镍颜料
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.46646/2521-683x/2021-2-84-92
Volha S. Zalyhina, V. Cheprasova
Spent electrolytes from galvanic production are characterized by a high content of heavy metal ions, which significantly exceeds their content in natural ores. The paper shows the possibility of processing spent sulfate electrolytes from nickel plating of galvanic production to obtain pigments, which will stabilize the operation of treatment facilities, prevent the ingress of heavy metal ions into the environment, which have toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, reduce the volume of wastewater sludge formed, and also obtain a valuable commodity product that is currently being purchased abroad. The results of investigations of the coloristic characteristics of the obtained samples of pigments are presented, the effect of Fe (III) ions present in the spent electrolytes of nickel plating as a contaminant on the color characteristics and purity of the color of the obtained samples is investigated. The dependence of the color of the obtained samples on the content of Fe (III) ions in the spent electrolytes was established, which made it possible to establish the range of coloristic characteristics of pigments obtained from spent sulfate nickel-plating electrolytes (green, yellow, brown and black colors). The results of the research carried out will reduce the impact of galvanic production on the environment.
电解废液的特点是重金属离子含量高,大大超过天然矿石中的含量。本文展示了将电镀镍硫酸盐废电解液加工获得颜料的可能性,这将稳定处理设施的运行,防止具有毒性、诱变和致癌作用的重金属离子进入环境,减少废水污泥的形成量,也获得了目前国外正在购买的有价值的商品产品。介绍了所得颜料样品的显色特性的研究结果,研究了镀镍废电解液中Fe (III)离子作为污染物对所得样品颜色特性和纯度的影响。建立了所得样品的颜色与废电解液中Fe (III)离子含量的关系,从而建立了硫酸盐废镀镍电解液中所得颜料的显色特征范围(绿色、黄色、棕色和黑色)。开展的研究结果将减少电生产对环境的影响。
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引用次数: 0
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF TIMBER RAFTING 木筏的环境问题
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.46646/2521-683X/2020-3-24-29
A. Vinogradov, V. Obyazov, T. A. Lazareva
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引用次数: 0
CULTURES OF ALVEOLOCYTES I AND II TYPE FOR MEDICAL AND ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 用于医学和生态学研究的I型和ii型肺泡细胞培养
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.46646/2521-683x/2021-2-67-73
M. Yurkevich, P. Alchovik, Anastasia A. Tsarik, Marina A. Kokhniuk
The alveolar epithelium is a dynamic tissue, consisting of cells of types I and II, covering more than 99 % of the lung inner surface and actively responding to various endogenous and exogenous stimuli. The technology of alveolocyte isolation is presented, which consists in mechanical disaggregation of tissue with subsequent processing of the resulting explants with 0.25 % trypsin solution in combination with filtration of the cell suspension through pores with a diameter of 100 µm and 50 µm. In two-dimensional static culture viable actively dividing rounded cells and large alveolar epithelial cells with cuboid or polygonal morphology, producing surfactant proteins, were visualized.
肺泡上皮是一种动态组织,由I型和II型细胞组成,覆盖了99%以上的肺内表面,对各种内源性和外源性刺激都有积极的反应。提出了肺泡细胞分离技术,该技术包括组织的机械分解,随后用0.25%的胰蛋白酶溶液处理所得到的外植体,并通过直径为100µm和50µm的孔过滤细胞悬浮液。在二维静态培养中,可以看到活跃分裂的圆形细胞和长方体或多角形的大肺泡上皮细胞产生表面活性剂蛋白。
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引用次数: 0
PARAMETERS OF RADIONUCLIDE WASHOUT FROM THE CATCHMENT AREA OF THE VILIYA RIVER AFTER THE ACCIDENT AT THE BELARUSIAN NPP 白俄罗斯核电站事故后维利亚河集水区的放射性核素冲刷参数
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.46646/2521-683X/2020-3-53-59
O. Zhukova, Victoria V. Kliaus, E. Nikolaenko
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引用次数: 0
IDEAS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTENT OF SCIENCE DISCIPLINES 科学学科内容中的可持续发展理念
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.46646/2521-683x/2021-2-4-14
E. Dzyatkovskaya
The article deals with the role of science education in explaining the modern environmental crisis and ways out of it. The urgency and peculiarities of education for sustainable development, its challenges to updating the content of natural science disciplines are considered. The directions of such updating are justified: reflection of modern state of science, fundamentality of knowledge, its interdisciplinary integration and worldview orientation. The conclusion is made that for understanding the interdisciplinary concept of sustainable development the set of special scientific pictures of the world is not enough. The problem of developing a natural-science picture of the world as an environmental component of education for sustainable development is posed. The article considers the basic categories of synthesis of natural-science knowledge into the natural-science picture of the world: nature, material unity of the world, development, system, self-organization, determinism, etc. It is determined that the natural scientific picture of the world, in its ecological aspect, is based on V. I. Vernadsky’s doctrine on the biosphere and biogeochemical migration of atoms, N. N. Moiseev’s doctrine on universal evolutionism, and the concept of sustainable development. It is concluded about the role of the natural sciences in the formation of the key concept of sustainable development – the ecological imperative.
本文论述了科学教育在解释现代环境危机中的作用及其出路。讨论了可持续发展教育的紧迫性和特殊性,以及可持续发展教育对自然科学学科内容更新的挑战。这种更新的方向是:对现代科学状态的反映、知识的根本性、知识的跨学科整合和世界观导向。本文的结论是,要理解可持续发展的跨学科概念,仅靠一套专门的科学图景是不够的。提出了发展自然科学的世界图景作为可持续发展教育的环境组成部分的问题。本文探讨了将自然科学知识综合到自然科学世界图景中的基本范畴:自然、世界的物质统一性、发展、系统、自组织、决定论等。确定世界的自然科学图景,在其生态方面,是基于V. I.沃尔纳德斯基关于生物圈和原子的生物地球化学迁移的学说,N. N.莫伊谢耶夫关于普遍进化论的学说,以及可持续发展的概念。最后总结了自然科学在形成可持续发展的关键概念——生态必要性中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
METHODS OF THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INSECT SPECIES COMPOSITION IN DIFFERENT HABITATS USING THE SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT R 方法利用环境软件对不同生境昆虫种类组成进行对比分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.46646/2521-683x/2021-2-21-28
G. Sushko
Analysis of publications on the ecology of communities, in focus insects, over the past five years, available in the international database PubMed Central, showed that the most common scheme for assessing the species composition of different habitats are comparison using multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and ANOSIM test, visualization of the differences using ordination (NMDS). The scheme is completed by identifying the species that are most responsible for the differences in the samples, using the IndVal and SIMPER procedures. All these methods can be implemented in the R software environment, which is currently a generally recognized standard in scientific publications in the world. The presented article includes a brief overview of the methods of comparative analysis of the insect species composition. The program code for this implementation in R using the results of our own research is also given.
通过对国际数据库PubMed Central近5年关于焦点昆虫群落生态学的文献进行分析,发现不同生境物种组成评估最常用的方案是使用多变量方差分析(PERMANOVA)和ANOSIM检验进行比较,使用排序(NMDS)对差异进行可视化。该方案是通过使用IndVal和SIMPER程序确定对样品差异最负责的物种来完成的。所有这些方法都可以在R软件环境中实现,这是目前世界上科学出版物中普遍认可的标准。本文简要介绍了昆虫种类组成比较分析的方法。本文还给出了利用我们自己的研究成果在R语言中实现的程序代码。
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引用次数: 0
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARES FOR ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTION OF RADIATION SITUATION INDICATORS 辐射态势指标评估预报软件的对比分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.46646/2521-683x/2021-2-55-60
Yulianna E. Kruk, A. L. Mostovenko, Ekaterina C. Nilova, Viktor A. Kuzminchuk, Kirill Yu. Voitenko
This article presents the results of comparative analysis of software tools for assessing and predicting parameters characterizing the radiation situation in the event of a hypothetical emergency at nuclear facilities. To analyze the output parameters and rank the software according to the degree of conservatism, an emergency scenario at the AES-2006 design facility was selected. This scenario is associated with a decrease in the coolant temperature and, as a consequence, a change in reactivity. The results of ranking software tools for use in the activities of the Information and Analytical Center of the Department of Nuclear and Radiation Safety are presented. It has been established that the highest degree of conservatism is embedded in the operational assessment codes (HotSpot and RECASS Express). These tools make it possible to provide quick simplified calculations for the early stage of an accident at a Nuclear Facility and can be recommended for use in assessing and predicting the radiation situation as the first tools. In this case, the status of the assessment of the radiation situation is recommended to be considered preliminary, additional to the main calculations performed, for example, with the JRODOS and RECASS NT design codes, the technical capabilities of which allow assessing the radiation impact, including at significant distances from the source, as in the case of emergency situations, and within the framework of the command and staff exercises.
本文介绍了在假设的核设施紧急情况下,用于评估和预测辐射情况特征参数的软件工具的比较分析结果。为了对输出参数进行分析,并根据保守程度对软件进行排序,选择了AES-2006设计设施的一个应急场景。这种情况与冷却剂温度的降低以及反应性的变化有关。介绍了在核与辐射安全司信息和分析中心活动中使用的软件工具的排名结果。研究表明,作战评估代码(HotSpot和RECASS Express)中嵌入了最高程度的保守性。这些工具可以为核设施事故的早期阶段提供快速简化的计算,并可作为评估和预测辐射情况的首选工具。在这种情况下,除了使用JRODOS和RECASS NT设计规范进行的主要计算之外,建议将辐射情况评估的状况视为初步的,这些设计规范的技术能力允许评估辐射影响,包括在紧急情况下在距离辐射源很远的地方以及在指挥和工作人员演习的框架内进行评估。
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引用次数: 0
CHARACTERISTICS OF RELATIONS IN ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC CONTROL OF HEAT-POWER OBJECTS SYSTEMS USING REAGENT-FREE WATER PREPARATION 无试剂水制备热电对象系统生态经济控制关系的特点
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.46646/2521-683x/2020-4-86-90
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引用次数: 0
期刊
JOURNAL OF THE BELARUSIAN STATE UNIVERSITY ECOLOGY
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