Pub Date : 2005-07-11DOI: 10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611776
P. Naidoo, B.M. Mbuere, G. Kelesitse, J. Ventura, M. Musanda
The Westcor project is intended to exploit the environmentally friendly, renewable, hydroelectric energy of the Inga rapids site in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). First pass studies show that HVAC is inadequate and that conventional HVDC at 500 kV is acceptable for low loads over the long distance. For higher loads, it will be required to increase the operating voltage. First pass studies show that 3 GW could be transmitted over the 4000 km long distance at an operating voltage of 800 kV. For the present day, the engineering focus is on conducting the pre feasibility studies, the feasibility studies and preparing the project for financial closure. The customers for the energy off take are the participating utilities and the tariff would largely be determined by the overall capital costs
{"title":"The western power corridor project - the planning for large scale hydro electric power generation and transmission across Southern Africa","authors":"P. Naidoo, B.M. Mbuere, G. Kelesitse, J. Ventura, M. Musanda","doi":"10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611776","url":null,"abstract":"The Westcor project is intended to exploit the environmentally friendly, renewable, hydroelectric energy of the Inga rapids site in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). First pass studies show that HVAC is inadequate and that conventional HVDC at 500 kV is acceptable for low loads over the long distance. For higher loads, it will be required to increase the operating voltage. First pass studies show that 3 GW could be transmitted over the 4000 km long distance at an operating voltage of 800 kV. For the present day, the engineering focus is on conducting the pre feasibility studies, the feasibility studies and preparing the project for financial closure. The customers for the energy off take are the participating utilities and the tariff would largely be determined by the overall capital costs","PeriodicalId":270664,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society Inaugural Conference and Exposition in Africa","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126716448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-11DOI: 10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611856
D. Muftic, R. Ramnarain, A. Burger, P. H. Pretorius, G. van Harmelen, D. Venter, S. Heunis
Elaborate plans are presently being considered for long distance HVAC and HVDC lines along the length of the African continent. Optimising such lines covering both the electrical and mechanical design from an economical and technical point of view is not only important but also a challenge. Evaluating the design with software modelling is still the most cost effective option. Software packages, meeting the necessary requirements to evaluate the mechanical design, even in a 3-D environment, already exists. However, evaluating the overall electrical design can at present only be done with several standalone packages in 2-D. This paper addresses the approach of integrating several modules, developed separately and around PLSCADD that can be employed in optimising the electrical design of overhead power lines, particularly in a 3-D environment. Challenges relating to the integration of the modules to yield an optimised electrical and mechanical design in the same 3-D environment are discussed. Examples are presented to allow visualisation of some of the concepts in 3-D
{"title":"Advanced electrical design software for overhead lines - an integrated approach","authors":"D. Muftic, R. Ramnarain, A. Burger, P. H. Pretorius, G. van Harmelen, D. Venter, S. Heunis","doi":"10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611856","url":null,"abstract":"Elaborate plans are presently being considered for long distance HVAC and HVDC lines along the length of the African continent. Optimising such lines covering both the electrical and mechanical design from an economical and technical point of view is not only important but also a challenge. Evaluating the design with software modelling is still the most cost effective option. Software packages, meeting the necessary requirements to evaluate the mechanical design, even in a 3-D environment, already exists. However, evaluating the overall electrical design can at present only be done with several standalone packages in 2-D. This paper addresses the approach of integrating several modules, developed separately and around PLSCADD that can be employed in optimising the electrical design of overhead power lines, particularly in a 3-D environment. Challenges relating to the integration of the modules to yield an optimised electrical and mechanical design in the same 3-D environment are discussed. Examples are presented to allow visualisation of some of the concepts in 3-D","PeriodicalId":270664,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society Inaugural Conference and Exposition in Africa","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123805085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-11DOI: 10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611778
P. Favre-Perrod, M. Geidl, B. Klöckl
Distributed generation as well as a growing share in stochastic energy sources will lead to deep changes in electricity transmission & distribution (T&D). In the vision of future energy networks project, these changes are investigated by means of a greenfield study. New concepts and analysis methods shall be used to design an optimal energy system regardless of its actual structure. This paper introduces the key elements of an envisioned multi carrier energy system: energy hubs interfacing any type of consumer or producer, managing and storing energy, and energy interconnectors transferring energy in several forms between the hubs. The resulting scenarios and new technologies will serve in strategic planning of research and development (R&D) and network expansion
{"title":"A vision of future energy networks","authors":"P. Favre-Perrod, M. Geidl, B. Klöckl","doi":"10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611778","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed generation as well as a growing share in stochastic energy sources will lead to deep changes in electricity transmission & distribution (T&D). In the vision of future energy networks project, these changes are investigated by means of a greenfield study. New concepts and analysis methods shall be used to design an optimal energy system regardless of its actual structure. This paper introduces the key elements of an envisioned multi carrier energy system: energy hubs interfacing any type of consumer or producer, managing and storing energy, and energy interconnectors transferring energy in several forms between the hubs. The resulting scenarios and new technologies will serve in strategic planning of research and development (R&D) and network expansion","PeriodicalId":270664,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society Inaugural Conference and Exposition in Africa","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124851207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-11DOI: 10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611808
R. Adapa, M. Shirmohamadi, R. Gray
Line-to-ground clearance often dictates line-loading limits (ampacity). Excessive sag from high conductor temperature operations, caused by line loading and ambient conditions, is often the limiting condition. Previously, expensive line reconstruction., tower raising or reconductoring was the only true solution to this problem. The SLiM-sagging line mitigator was developed as a cost-effective and easier alternative. The SLiM is a new class of transmission line hardware that fixes this problem in real time. In response to high conductor temperatures, SLiM uses state-of-the-art materials and a fully tested concept to decrease the effective length of conductor in the span. This mitigates the thermal expansion experienced by the conductor and reduces or eliminates excess sag
{"title":"SLiM (sagging line mitigator) - mitigating excess sag in overhead transmission lines","authors":"R. Adapa, M. Shirmohamadi, R. Gray","doi":"10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611808","url":null,"abstract":"Line-to-ground clearance often dictates line-loading limits (ampacity). Excessive sag from high conductor temperature operations, caused by line loading and ambient conditions, is often the limiting condition. Previously, expensive line reconstruction., tower raising or reconductoring was the only true solution to this problem. The SLiM-sagging line mitigator was developed as a cost-effective and easier alternative. The SLiM is a new class of transmission line hardware that fixes this problem in real time. In response to high conductor temperatures, SLiM uses state-of-the-art materials and a fully tested concept to decrease the effective length of conductor in the span. This mitigates the thermal expansion experienced by the conductor and reduces or eliminates excess sag","PeriodicalId":270664,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society Inaugural Conference and Exposition in Africa","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124893919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-11DOI: 10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611777
I. Davidson
Africa has 15% of the world's land area, 13% of the world's population, uses approximately 3% of the world's electricity but accounts for only 2% of the global industrial capacity. With an installed generation capacity of approximately 105000 MW, Africa has a relatively small power infrastructure in comparison with its geographic size and population. This paper sets out to achieve the following: identify available electric power generation facilities and current capacities across the continent; analyze the existing power infrastructure and ways in which it can be fully exploited to ensure use of the total capacity without incurring unnecessary and excessive costs; substantiating which power facilities need to increase plant capacity to cope with the future projected demand; to determine the need for new power stations in Africa and evaluating the financial constraints and necessary support to ensure success of these projects. The balance of the paper addresses available opportunities for interconnections for power exchange and their evolution into an interconnected African power grid
{"title":"Anticipating the expansion of power facilities in Africa to meet increasing demand for electricity","authors":"I. Davidson","doi":"10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611777","url":null,"abstract":"Africa has 15% of the world's land area, 13% of the world's population, uses approximately 3% of the world's electricity but accounts for only 2% of the global industrial capacity. With an installed generation capacity of approximately 105000 MW, Africa has a relatively small power infrastructure in comparison with its geographic size and population. This paper sets out to achieve the following: identify available electric power generation facilities and current capacities across the continent; analyze the existing power infrastructure and ways in which it can be fully exploited to ensure use of the total capacity without incurring unnecessary and excessive costs; substantiating which power facilities need to increase plant capacity to cope with the future projected demand; to determine the need for new power stations in Africa and evaluating the financial constraints and necessary support to ensure success of these projects. The balance of the paper addresses available opportunities for interconnections for power exchange and their evolution into an interconnected African power grid","PeriodicalId":270664,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society Inaugural Conference and Exposition in Africa","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114955684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-11DOI: 10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611791
Jun Yan
In this paper,, the impact of transmission network on market strategies is investigated. Three market strategies, which include dynamic shadow pricing, Nash-Cournot, dynamic shadow pricing together with Nash-Cournot, are investigated. Perfect competition is also included in the simulations and is served as a comparison model. I use a simplified three-bus network to illustrate how market strategies are influenced by the network constraints. In this paper, the market participants refer to the independent power producers (IPPs). Three market strategies plus perfect competition and three different load positions are included in the simulations. The results show that IPPs will change market strategies according to the change of transmission limits. Also, with different load position, IPPs will have intentions to adopt different strategies to maximize their profits. The results prove that IPPs could obtain significant profits through their strategic behaviors
{"title":"The impact of transmission network on the market strategies","authors":"Jun Yan","doi":"10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611791","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper,, the impact of transmission network on market strategies is investigated. Three market strategies, which include dynamic shadow pricing, Nash-Cournot, dynamic shadow pricing together with Nash-Cournot, are investigated. Perfect competition is also included in the simulations and is served as a comparison model. I use a simplified three-bus network to illustrate how market strategies are influenced by the network constraints. In this paper, the market participants refer to the independent power producers (IPPs). Three market strategies plus perfect competition and three different load positions are included in the simulations. The results show that IPPs will change market strategies according to the change of transmission limits. Also, with different load position, IPPs will have intentions to adopt different strategies to maximize their profits. The results prove that IPPs could obtain significant profits through their strategic behaviors","PeriodicalId":270664,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society Inaugural Conference and Exposition in Africa","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122663717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-11DOI: 10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611866
C. Mozina
Significant changes have occurred in the protection of generators in the past ten years as discussed in IEEE guide C-37.102. This paper discusses these changes as well as the risks of not addressing them. It specifically addresses the risks in two functional areas where 20+-year-old generator protection is inadequate. These areas include: sensitive stator ground fault protection using schemes to provide 100% winding ground detection, field ground fault protection, and inadvertent (accidental) generator off-line energizing protection. Most of these upgrade schemes were made possible through the use of digital protection
{"title":"Upgrading the protection of generators to meet current IEEE Standards","authors":"C. Mozina","doi":"10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611866","url":null,"abstract":"Significant changes have occurred in the protection of generators in the past ten years as discussed in IEEE guide C-37.102. This paper discusses these changes as well as the risks of not addressing them. It specifically addresses the risks in two functional areas where 20+-year-old generator protection is inadequate. These areas include: sensitive stator ground fault protection using schemes to provide 100% winding ground detection, field ground fault protection, and inadvertent (accidental) generator off-line energizing protection. Most of these upgrade schemes were made possible through the use of digital protection","PeriodicalId":270664,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society Inaugural Conference and Exposition in Africa","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123948827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-11DOI: 10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611802
P. Naidoo, D. Muftic, N. Ijumba
Cost effective higher current rated power electronic technology makes possible the conversion of high voltage alternating current circuits for high voltage direct current employment. This strategy is promoted so as to yield greater power transfers by using the same physical power line and installed conductor cross sectional area. This idea was shared and discussed by study committee B4 at the 2004 proceedings of Cigre in Paris, France. Here study committee working group members reported on the tri-pole proposal of using one phase of the conventional AC line as the positive pole, another phase as the negative pole and the remaining third phase to be periodically swapped between positive and negative poles; yielding almost 2,5 times the power transfer capability of the HVAC line. Along a similar path, the paper reports on Eskom's initial investigation into recycling two of the existing 400 kV lines emanating from Matimba power station. Additional 1800 MW thermal generation is planned alongside the existing 3600 MW power station. A known constraint is the acquisition of additional power line servitudes to evacuate the increased power generation. The real estate area surrounding Matimba power station is emerging as prime investment for environmentally sensitive international investors
{"title":"Investigations into the upgrading of existing HVAC power transmission circuits for higher power transfers using HVDC technology","authors":"P. Naidoo, D. Muftic, N. Ijumba","doi":"10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611802","url":null,"abstract":"Cost effective higher current rated power electronic technology makes possible the conversion of high voltage alternating current circuits for high voltage direct current employment. This strategy is promoted so as to yield greater power transfers by using the same physical power line and installed conductor cross sectional area. This idea was shared and discussed by study committee B4 at the 2004 proceedings of Cigre in Paris, France. Here study committee working group members reported on the tri-pole proposal of using one phase of the conventional AC line as the positive pole, another phase as the negative pole and the remaining third phase to be periodically swapped between positive and negative poles; yielding almost 2,5 times the power transfer capability of the HVAC line. Along a similar path, the paper reports on Eskom's initial investigation into recycling two of the existing 400 kV lines emanating from Matimba power station. Additional 1800 MW thermal generation is planned alongside the existing 3600 MW power station. A known constraint is the acquisition of additional power line servitudes to evacuate the increased power generation. The real estate area surrounding Matimba power station is emerging as prime investment for environmentally sensitive international investors","PeriodicalId":270664,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society Inaugural Conference and Exposition in Africa","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131329039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-11DOI: 10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611851
D. H. Baker, G. Boukarim, R. D'aquila, R. Piwko
Turbine-generators have torsional natural frequencies due to physical properties of their long multi-element shafts. Series capacitor compensation in ac transmission networks has a tendency to reduce damping of torsional vibrations of nearby turbine generators. The phenomenon is called subsynchronous resonance (SSR), and it affects turbine-generators at subsynchronous frequencies that are specific to torsional oscillation modes of individual units. Series capacitors also have a tendency to amplify the shaft stress during major network transient events. The mechanism of the subsynchronous resonance is well understood. Numerous mitigation schemes have been developed and successfully implemented, and many series capacitors have been installed and operated without incidents since the first two shaft failures of the Mohave unit in 1970 and 1971. This paper first provides an overview of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) and the impact of series compensation on SSR. It then describes subsynchronous resonance (SSR) studies that should be performed for each series capacitor application. Analysis methods to evaluate SSR risk are described, including SSR stability analysis and transient torque analysis. The paper also provides descriptions of technical methods for mitigating SSR problems. The solution methods range from simple techniques to avoid SSR to complex solutions involving sophisticated combinations of mitigation equipment. Lastly, the paper explains a philosophy for torsional protection schemes, and describes methods for SSR protection and monitoring. Technical descriptions and implementation examples are provided for each type of study, mitigation method, and protection scheme
{"title":"Subsynchronous resonance studies and mitigation methods for series capacitor applications","authors":"D. H. Baker, G. Boukarim, R. D'aquila, R. Piwko","doi":"10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611851","url":null,"abstract":"Turbine-generators have torsional natural frequencies due to physical properties of their long multi-element shafts. Series capacitor compensation in ac transmission networks has a tendency to reduce damping of torsional vibrations of nearby turbine generators. The phenomenon is called subsynchronous resonance (SSR), and it affects turbine-generators at subsynchronous frequencies that are specific to torsional oscillation modes of individual units. Series capacitors also have a tendency to amplify the shaft stress during major network transient events. The mechanism of the subsynchronous resonance is well understood. Numerous mitigation schemes have been developed and successfully implemented, and many series capacitors have been installed and operated without incidents since the first two shaft failures of the Mohave unit in 1970 and 1971. This paper first provides an overview of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) and the impact of series compensation on SSR. It then describes subsynchronous resonance (SSR) studies that should be performed for each series capacitor application. Analysis methods to evaluate SSR risk are described, including SSR stability analysis and transient torque analysis. The paper also provides descriptions of technical methods for mitigating SSR problems. The solution methods range from simple techniques to avoid SSR to complex solutions involving sophisticated combinations of mitigation equipment. Lastly, the paper explains a philosophy for torsional protection schemes, and describes methods for SSR protection and monitoring. Technical descriptions and implementation examples are provided for each type of study, mitigation method, and protection scheme","PeriodicalId":270664,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society Inaugural Conference and Exposition in Africa","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124032475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-11DOI: 10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611803
B. Cova, C. Pincella, G. Simioli, G. Stigliano, R. Vailati, B. Zecca
Up to now, the African countries in the southern shore of the Mediterranean Sea exported large quantities of natural gas and crude oil to the European northern shores. Nowadays, issues of security of supply, integration of the electricity markets, economic co-operation among countries are also driving attention to the "electricity" option to export energy from the South to the North of the Mediterranean. In the last years, especially Algeria, Spain and Italy analyzed the feasibility of interconnection by means of underwater cables. In this paper we describe the main characteristics of some HVDC interconnection projects, whose feasibility studies were performed by CESI: the interconnection Algeria - Spain, the cable connecting Sardinia and Peninsular Italy (SAPEI) and the interconnection Algeria - Italy
{"title":"HVDC interconnections in the Mediterranean Basin","authors":"B. Cova, C. Pincella, G. Simioli, G. Stigliano, R. Vailati, B. Zecca","doi":"10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611803","url":null,"abstract":"Up to now, the African countries in the southern shore of the Mediterranean Sea exported large quantities of natural gas and crude oil to the European northern shores. Nowadays, issues of security of supply, integration of the electricity markets, economic co-operation among countries are also driving attention to the \"electricity\" option to export energy from the South to the North of the Mediterranean. In the last years, especially Algeria, Spain and Italy analyzed the feasibility of interconnection by means of underwater cables. In this paper we describe the main characteristics of some HVDC interconnection projects, whose feasibility studies were performed by CESI: the interconnection Algeria - Spain, the cable connecting Sardinia and Peninsular Italy (SAPEI) and the interconnection Algeria - Italy","PeriodicalId":270664,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society Inaugural Conference and Exposition in Africa","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117204434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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