Fawad Hayat, Muddasir Khan, Muhammad Umair, Sajeela Akbar, R. Javed, Syed Hussain Shah
The current study attempts the phenotypic and molecular detection of the virulence factors of Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates. A total of 600 urine samples were collected from urinary tract-infected patients at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. P. mirabilis isolates were identified through different biochemical tests. Virulence factors including urease production, biofilm formation, and swarming phenomenon were determined by using different markers (ureC1, rsbA, and luxS genes), identified via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Out of the selected samples, 95 samples (15.83%) were identified as P. mirabilis. The molecular study showed that all isolates (100%) possessed the ureC gene. Whereas, 90.52% and 92.63% of the isolates gave positive results for biofilm formation (rsbA gene) and swarming phenomenon (luxS gene), respectively. The phenotypic and molecular study of P. mirabilis virulence factors provides a better understanding of how P. mirabilis infection spreads. The results could be used for prevention and improvements in its clinical treatment.
{"title":"Phenotypic and Genotypic Detection of Virulence Factors Affecting Proteus mirabilis Clinical Isolates","authors":"Fawad Hayat, Muddasir Khan, Muhammad Umair, Sajeela Akbar, R. Javed, Syed Hussain Shah","doi":"10.32350/cto.31.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/cto.31.05","url":null,"abstract":"The current study attempts the phenotypic and molecular detection of the virulence factors of Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates. A total of 600 urine samples were collected from urinary tract-infected patients at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. P. mirabilis isolates were identified through different biochemical tests. Virulence factors including urease production, biofilm formation, and swarming phenomenon were determined by using different markers (ureC1, rsbA, and luxS genes), identified via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Out of the selected samples, 95 samples (15.83%) were identified as P. mirabilis. The molecular study showed that all isolates (100%) possessed the ureC gene. Whereas, 90.52% and 92.63% of the isolates gave positive results for biofilm formation (rsbA gene) and swarming phenomenon (luxS gene), respectively. The phenotypic and molecular study of P. mirabilis virulence factors provides a better understanding of how P. mirabilis infection spreads. The results could be used for prevention and improvements in its clinical treatment.","PeriodicalId":271898,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in OMICS","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121529906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Mahmood, Nobia Aziz, Inamullah, Azizuddin, Fida M. Abbasi, H. Ali, H. Shah
Fusarium wilt is a famous disease of tomato all over the world. The use of resistant varieties is the most efficient approach to control the disease. The current study was carried out to investigate the presence of marker gene(s) resistant to Fusarium wilt in tomato germplasm, and the subsequent use of resistant varieties to contain the disease. Thirteen varieties: Pusa ruby, Pant bahar, Punjab chhahara, Arka alak, Arak abha, Ratan, CLN-2116-B, CLN-1767-238-2Y, CLSN-2123-A, CLN-1621-E, CLN-1621-T, CLN-1621-L, and CLN-2026-C were screened for the presence of I-3 resistance gene, a marker known to confer resistance to the race 2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici. Two varieties, Arak abha and Ratan were tested positive for the presence of I-3 against the race 2 of the pathogen.
{"title":"Molecular Identification of I-3 gene, a Fusarium wilt resistant marker in selected varieties of tomato","authors":"T. Mahmood, Nobia Aziz, Inamullah, Azizuddin, Fida M. Abbasi, H. Ali, H. Shah","doi":"10.32350/cto.22.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/cto.22.02","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium wilt is a famous disease of tomato all over the world. The use of resistant varieties is the most efficient approach to control the disease. The current study was carried out to investigate the presence of marker gene(s) resistant to Fusarium wilt in tomato germplasm, and the subsequent use of resistant varieties to contain the disease. Thirteen varieties: Pusa ruby, Pant bahar, Punjab chhahara, Arka alak, Arak abha, Ratan, CLN-2116-B, CLN-1767-238-2Y, CLSN-2123-A, CLN-1621-E, CLN-1621-T, CLN-1621-L, and CLN-2026-C were screened for the presence of I-3 resistance gene, a marker known to confer resistance to the race 2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici. Two varieties, Arak abha and Ratan were tested positive for the presence of I-3 against the race 2 of the pathogen.","PeriodicalId":271898,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in OMICS","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125889150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salman Ahmad, Muhammad Salman, Muhammad Arshid Malik, Muhammad Umair
Salmonella infection is among common infections in first world countries. Infection caused by multidrug resistant serotypes causing enteric fever e.g., typhoid and paratyphoid. These become enormous health problems especially in less developed nations particularly for patient of low age like children. The WHO recorded incidence of 16 to 33 million typhoid fever patients all over the world every year, with 3.85 deaths which project 0.5 to 0.6 million deaths. The current study was conducted in Public Health Laboratories Division, National Institute of Health (NIH) Islamabad”. Out of total 210 patients, 89 were found positive for Salmonella. typhi. Out of 89 (42%) positive samples, 47 (52.8%) belong to male and 42 (47.2%) to female. The current study was conducted in different sessions of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th and showed nalidixic acid was the leading resistant drug. No significance was observed among antibiotics resistance with age and gender (P = 0.302, P≥0.05). The total of 30 samples showing resistant to Quinolones and were molecularly identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It is concluded that presence of gyrA and gyrB gene is the cause of nalidixic acid resistance in S. typhi and showed leading resistance.
{"title":"Molecular identification of resistance pattern of Salmonella species in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa","authors":"Salman Ahmad, Muhammad Salman, Muhammad Arshid Malik, Muhammad Umair","doi":"10.32350/cto.22.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/cto.22.05","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella infection is among common infections in first world countries. Infection caused by multidrug resistant serotypes causing enteric fever e.g., typhoid and paratyphoid. These become enormous health problems especially in less developed nations particularly for patient of low age like children. The WHO recorded incidence of 16 to 33 million typhoid fever patients all over the world every year, with 3.85 deaths which project 0.5 to 0.6 million deaths. The current study was conducted in Public Health Laboratories Division, National Institute of Health (NIH) Islamabad”. Out of total 210 patients, 89 were found positive for Salmonella. typhi. Out of 89 (42%) positive samples, 47 (52.8%) belong to male and 42 (47.2%) to female. The current study was conducted in different sessions of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th and showed nalidixic acid was the leading resistant drug. No significance was observed among antibiotics resistance with age and gender (P = 0.302, P≥0.05). The total of 30 samples showing resistant to Quinolones and were molecularly identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It is concluded that presence of gyrA and gyrB gene is the cause of nalidixic acid resistance in S. typhi and showed leading resistance.","PeriodicalId":271898,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in OMICS","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128463574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Saima Naz, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha, Durali DANABAS3, , Naila Kouser, Naeem Mehmood Ashraf
Fish is an extremely nutritious food that is abundant in important minerals, vitamin D, protein, and omega-3 fatty acids. Now a day, mislabeling of fish products is a major problem in the fish industry that affects the market prices and causes fluctuations. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences is a technique that might be used to verify the identity of misidentified fish species. In this study five species (Cirrhinus mrigala, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, two Actinopterygii sp., and Mastacembelus armatus) were used for phylogenetic analysis using the COI gene was amplified using the PCR, average product size is 658 base pairs. A comparison of obtained sequences was implemented through National Center for Biotechnology Information database (NCBI) and the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). Most resemble sequences were downloaded for comparison with our sequencing results. By using MAGA X the rates of different transitional substitutions are 11.33 and transversional substitutions are 6.83. The estimated Transition/Transversion bias (R) is 0.83. The K2P model was used for the estimation of this substitution pattern. Because most freshwater fish species were in the same order or family, phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that they grouped together. Using the InterPro database, the activity and regulatory pathways of the Cytochrome C Oxidase 1 gene are identified to show their activity on the protein level, especially for some important physiological functions. Each species of fish could be identified based on their speciation and node position and distance from their parent nodes. Based on the closest phylogenetic relations, DNA sequence-based study was developed for the accurate identification of fish species.
{"title":"Genetic identification and phylogenetic relationships of fish species at Panjnad , Abbasia and Abu Dahbi canals (Punjab, Pakistan) based on mitochondrial COI sequences","authors":"Dr. Saima Naz, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha, Durali DANABAS3, , Naila Kouser, Naeem Mehmood Ashraf","doi":"10.32350/cto.22.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/cto.22.01","url":null,"abstract":"Fish is an extremely nutritious food that is abundant in important minerals, vitamin D, protein, and omega-3 fatty acids. Now a day, mislabeling of fish products is a major problem in the fish industry that affects the market prices and causes fluctuations. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences is a technique that might be used to verify the identity of misidentified fish species. In this study five species (Cirrhinus mrigala, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, two Actinopterygii sp., and Mastacembelus armatus) were used for phylogenetic analysis using the COI gene was amplified using the PCR, average product size is 658 base pairs. A comparison of obtained sequences was implemented through National Center for Biotechnology Information database (NCBI) and the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). Most resemble sequences were downloaded for comparison with our sequencing results. By using MAGA X the rates of different transitional substitutions are 11.33 and transversional substitutions are 6.83. The estimated Transition/Transversion bias (R) is 0.83. The K2P model was used for the estimation of this substitution pattern. Because most freshwater fish species were in the same order or family, phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that they grouped together. Using the InterPro database, the activity and regulatory pathways of the Cytochrome C Oxidase 1 gene are identified to show their activity on the protein level, especially for some important physiological functions. Each species of fish could be identified based on their speciation and node position and distance from their parent nodes. Based on the closest phylogenetic relations, DNA sequence-based study was developed for the accurate identification of fish species.","PeriodicalId":271898,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in OMICS","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129320644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imran Sattar, Hajira Maqbool, Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam, Dr. Iram Gull, Dr. Imran Tipu, Mishel Zainab
The CRB2 gene contributes to the onset of hereditary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, which damages the kidney, particularly the glomerulus, and results in chronic kidney failure. Missense variations account for more than 90% of mutations that alter the protein's structure or activities. The pathogenicity of CRB2 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) was predicted in this work using a variety of bioinformatics techniques for mutation analysis. We retrieved 1201 nsSNPs from dbSNP-NCBI for the analysis, and 20 were predicted deleterious. 20 missense variants are G349D, C629S, R534W, G178D, C620Y, C620S, R628C, R633G, R633W, E643A, T841M, R960S, R960C, P1064T, P1064S, N800K, G1088D, T1187P, R1249Q, and R1249P. SIFT, PROVEAN, Mutation Assessor, and PANTHER, four sequence homology-based approaches, suggested that one variation, R960S, was benign and that 19 SNPS were deleterious. Six supervised based approaches, including SNAP2, MutPred2, SuSPect, PhD-SNP, SNPs&Go, and PMut, predicted 14 SNPs as detrimental in all six applied methods. 13 variations were identified as harmful by one structure-based technique, Poly-Phen, and two consensus-based methods, Meta-SNP and Predict-SNP. The CRB2 protein's mutant and wild-type structures were predicted using itaser. Following PyMol 5 structural analysis, the mutations rs879255250 Cysteine at 620 changes to Tyrosine, variation rs879255250 Glycine at 178 changes to Aspartate, and variant rs1322315181 Glycine at 178 changes to Aspartate Arginine changes to Proline at position 1249, and Cysteine changes to Serine at position 620, with variants rs147412276 and rs868484209. Proline at position 1064 alterations to Serine are expected to be extremely harmful and result in structural changes in the protein, which may be candidates for the FSGS aetiology. These CBR2 nsSNPs may thus be possibilities for diagnostic genetic screening and therapeutic molecular targeting.
{"title":"INSILICO ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL SNPs IN HUMAN CRB2 GENE ASSOCIATED WITH FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS","authors":"Imran Sattar, Hajira Maqbool, Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam, Dr. Iram Gull, Dr. Imran Tipu, Mishel Zainab","doi":"10.32350/cto.22.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/cto.22.03","url":null,"abstract":"The CRB2 gene contributes to the onset of hereditary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, which damages the kidney, particularly the glomerulus, and results in chronic kidney failure. Missense variations account for more than 90% of mutations that alter the protein's structure or activities. The pathogenicity of CRB2 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) was predicted in this work using a variety of bioinformatics techniques for mutation analysis. We retrieved 1201 nsSNPs from dbSNP-NCBI for the analysis, and 20 were predicted deleterious. 20 missense variants are G349D, C629S, R534W, G178D, C620Y, C620S, R628C, R633G, R633W, E643A, T841M, R960S, R960C, P1064T, P1064S, N800K, G1088D, T1187P, R1249Q, and R1249P. SIFT, PROVEAN, Mutation Assessor, and PANTHER, four sequence homology-based approaches, suggested that one variation, R960S, was benign and that 19 SNPS were deleterious. Six supervised based approaches, including SNAP2, MutPred2, SuSPect, PhD-SNP, SNPs&Go, and PMut, predicted 14 SNPs as detrimental in all six applied methods. 13 variations were identified as harmful by one structure-based technique, Poly-Phen, and two consensus-based methods, Meta-SNP and Predict-SNP. The CRB2 protein's mutant and wild-type structures were predicted using itaser. Following PyMol 5 structural analysis, the mutations rs879255250 Cysteine at 620 changes to Tyrosine, variation rs879255250 Glycine at 178 changes to Aspartate, and variant rs1322315181 Glycine at 178 changes to Aspartate Arginine changes to Proline at position 1249, and Cysteine changes to Serine at position 620, with variants rs147412276 and rs868484209. Proline at position 1064 alterations to Serine are expected to be extremely harmful and result in structural changes in the protein, which may be candidates for the FSGS aetiology. These CBR2 nsSNPs may thus be possibilities for diagnostic genetic screening and therapeutic molecular targeting. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":271898,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in OMICS","volume":"50 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131336946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aman Ullah, Muhammad Arif Khan, Saira, I. Ullah, Tanveer Tara, Daud Ahmad, M. A. Zeb
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a globally disseminated antibiotic-resistant pathogen and causes mild to severe infections. The population structure of MRSA is highly clonal and individual genetic clones harbor specific plasmid, and determinants for antibiotic resistance and virulence, therefore, whole genome sequencing (WGS) of five MRSA isolates of the predominant genetic lineage was performed to gain insight into the most prevalent endemic strains. Sequencing libraries were arranged in accordance with the Nextera XT DNA Library Prep Guide (Illumina). WGS was performed on Illumina NextSeq 500 platform with 2×151bp using a NextSeq Mid-Output Kit. The sequenced genome was characterized for spa type, MLST type, SCCmec type, plasmid, antibiotic resistance gene, and virulence gene by publicly available bioinformatics tools on the website of the Center for Genomic Epidemiology. All the isolates were characterized as ST8/t064-SCCmecIVa(2B) clones of MRSA and, A total of 13 resistance genes, 11 virulence genes, and 6 types of plasmids were identified in the sequenced isolates of MRSA, furthermore, the sequenced isolates showed a similar pattern of distribution for antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes. WGS revealed that the isolates are genetically closely related and showed a similar pattern of distribution for different genetic markers, therefore, these strains could be an accidental case cluster or cluster of an outbreak.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus through whole genome sequencing in the largest tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan.","authors":"Aman Ullah, Muhammad Arif Khan, Saira, I. Ullah, Tanveer Tara, Daud Ahmad, M. A. Zeb","doi":"10.32350/cto.22.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/cto.22.04","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a globally disseminated antibiotic-resistant pathogen and causes mild to severe infections. The population structure of MRSA is highly clonal and individual genetic clones harbor specific plasmid, and determinants for antibiotic resistance and virulence, therefore, whole genome sequencing (WGS) of five MRSA isolates of the predominant genetic lineage was performed to gain insight into the most prevalent endemic strains. Sequencing libraries were arranged in accordance with the Nextera XT DNA Library Prep Guide (Illumina). WGS was performed on Illumina NextSeq 500 platform with 2×151bp using a NextSeq Mid-Output Kit. The sequenced genome was characterized for spa type, MLST type, SCCmec type, plasmid, antibiotic resistance gene, and virulence gene by publicly available bioinformatics tools on the website of the Center for Genomic Epidemiology. All the isolates were characterized as ST8/t064-SCCmecIVa(2B) clones of MRSA and, A total of 13 resistance genes, 11 virulence genes, and 6 types of plasmids were identified in the sequenced isolates of MRSA, furthermore, the sequenced isolates showed a similar pattern of distribution for antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes. WGS revealed that the isolates are genetically closely related and showed a similar pattern of distribution for different genetic markers, therefore, these strains could be an accidental case cluster or cluster of an outbreak. ","PeriodicalId":271898,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in OMICS","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123801285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Zia Farooqi, Nimra Shaheen, Umair Waqas, Abid Ali, Waqar Mehmood Dar
Coronaviruses (CoVs) can infect a wide range of wild and domestic hosts including animals, avian, mammals, rodents, and human beings. COVID infection has already been reported in whales, bats, mice, birds, and giraffes,s and infection to domestic and life stock cause heavy losses to the economy. These viruses cause mild to severe respiratory, enteric, and systemic infections. Worldwide 525,268,297 (May 19, 2022) individuals have been infected since the first case of COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan China with 6,295,402 deaths (May 19, 2022). In Pakistan, 1,529,560 cases of COVID-19 have been reported with 30,379 deaths (May 19, 2022). Province wise data reported 577,201 cases in Sindh, 219,616 in KPK, 506,865 in Punjab, 135,312 in Islamabad, 35,494 in Baluchistan, and 43,324/11,748 in AJK/GB. This study evaluated the hematological parameters in diabetic patients affected by COVID-19. This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Hospital, Gujrat, Pakistan. Data were collected from a total of 111 patients of COVID-19 with DM comorbidities and analyzed for the comparison of Leukocytes parameters, platelets count, Red Blood Cell (RBC) counts, and their indices Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)] with their reference values. The mean RBC count was 4.45 with SD (±0.84). The data also showed the mean of Hemoglobin (Hb) level as 12.45 g/dl (SD ±3.01), PCV as 36.06 (SD ±9.16), MCV as 81.86 (SD ±7.32), MCH as 29.05 (SD ±6.27), and MCHC as 32.61 (SD ±3.65). A comparison was also made between male and female COVID-19-enrolled patients for associated hematological changes in DM. The frequency distribution of leukocytes and thrombocytes showed lymphocytosis and thrombocytopenia. It was concluded that hematological parameters are important in monitoring disease severity, progression, and management in COVID-19 patients with diabetes comorbidity.
{"title":"Interpretations of Heamatological Parameters in COVID-19 Patients with Diabetic Mellitus Comorbidity","authors":"Dr. Zia Farooqi, Nimra Shaheen, Umair Waqas, Abid Ali, Waqar Mehmood Dar","doi":"10.32350/cto.21.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/cto.21.05","url":null,"abstract":"Coronaviruses (CoVs) can infect a wide range of wild and domestic hosts including animals, avian, mammals, rodents, and human beings. COVID infection has already been reported in whales, bats, mice, birds, and giraffes,s and infection to domestic and life stock cause heavy losses to the economy. These viruses cause mild to severe respiratory, enteric, and systemic infections. Worldwide 525,268,297 (May 19, 2022) individuals have been infected since the first case of COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan China with 6,295,402 deaths (May 19, 2022). In Pakistan, 1,529,560 cases of COVID-19 have been reported with 30,379 deaths (May 19, 2022). Province wise data reported 577,201 cases in Sindh, 219,616 in KPK, 506,865 in Punjab, 135,312 in Islamabad, 35,494 in Baluchistan, and 43,324/11,748 in AJK/GB. This study evaluated the hematological parameters in diabetic patients affected by COVID-19. This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Hospital, Gujrat, Pakistan. Data were collected from a total of 111 patients of COVID-19 with DM comorbidities and analyzed for the comparison of Leukocytes parameters, platelets count, Red Blood Cell (RBC) counts, and their indices Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)] with their reference values. The mean RBC count was 4.45 with SD (±0.84). The data also showed the mean of Hemoglobin (Hb) level as 12.45 g/dl (SD ±3.01), PCV as 36.06 (SD ±9.16), MCV as 81.86 (SD ±7.32), MCH as 29.05 (SD ±6.27), and MCHC as 32.61 (SD ±3.65). A comparison was also made between male and female COVID-19-enrolled patients for associated hematological changes in DM. The frequency distribution of leukocytes and thrombocytes showed lymphocytosis and thrombocytopenia. It was concluded that hematological parameters are important in monitoring disease severity, progression, and management in COVID-19 patients with diabetes comorbidity. \u0000","PeriodicalId":271898,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in OMICS","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128753531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tasleem Kausar, Madiha Aslam, Saima Talib, N. Tariq
Hypercholesterolemia, being one of the most important risk factors for coronary heart disease, is defined as a total cholesterol concentration of ≥240 mg/dL. Hypertension has become a major public health hazard all over the world due to the serious damage it causes to the body organs and the many complications it induces, including the coronary heart disease. The current study aimed to evaluate the combined risks of correlation between hypertension and hyperlipidemia and their association with coronary heart disease. It included 100 patients diagnosed with hypertension and hyperlipidemia, as well as 100 healthy individuals of the same age and background. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect the family history of patients and control. Blood samples with a volume of 3-5ml were drawn from all patients to analyze the composition of blood serum including LDL (low-density lipoprotein), HDL (high-density lipoprotein), triglyceride, and cholesterol levels. The frequencies of all concerned factors were calculated and the mean values of blood pressure, cholesterol, LDL, and HDL were found to be in the hazardous range in patients. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test and binomial regression statistical analysis. The analysis of risk factors revealed that age, BMI (body mass index), high blood pressure, smoking, and high salt intake had a significant association with the high lipid profile in the patients. The risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is enhanced in patients with high blood pressure and hyperlipidemia.
{"title":"Combined Risks of Hyperlipidemia and Hypertension for Coronary Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study of the Local Population of Bahawalpur, Pakistan","authors":"Tasleem Kausar, Madiha Aslam, Saima Talib, N. Tariq","doi":"10.32350/cto.21.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/cto.21.01","url":null,"abstract":"Hypercholesterolemia, being one of the most important risk factors for coronary heart disease, is defined as a total cholesterol concentration of ≥240 mg/dL. Hypertension has become a major public health hazard all over the world due to the serious damage it causes to the body organs and the many complications it induces, including the coronary heart disease. The current study aimed to evaluate the combined risks of correlation between hypertension and hyperlipidemia and their association with coronary heart disease. It included 100 patients diagnosed with hypertension and hyperlipidemia, as well as 100 healthy individuals of the same age and background. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect the family history of patients and control. Blood samples with a volume of 3-5ml were drawn from all patients to analyze the composition of blood serum including LDL (low-density lipoprotein), HDL (high-density lipoprotein), triglyceride, and cholesterol levels. The frequencies of all concerned factors were calculated and the mean values of blood pressure, cholesterol, LDL, and HDL were found to be in the hazardous range in patients. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test and binomial regression statistical analysis. The analysis of risk factors revealed that age, BMI (body mass index), high blood pressure, smoking, and high salt intake had a significant association with the high lipid profile in the patients. The risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is enhanced in patients with high blood pressure and hyperlipidemia.","PeriodicalId":271898,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in OMICS","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126938133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Najeeb Ullah Khan, Ubaid Ahmad, Maaz Iqbal, Muhammad Ismail, Adeela Mustafa
Hepatitis C is a global health concern brought on by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The risk factors of the disease include injection drug users, contaminated medical instruments, blood transfusion, organ transplant, major surgery, dialysis, dental surgery, and acupuncture. The aim of the current study was to identify the prevalence of active HCV infection, genotypes, and their associated risk factors in newly infected patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A total of 230 HCV cases and 245 control subjects were enrolled. Our findings revealed that disease infection rates were higher in female patients (52.6%) than male patients (47.4%). Moreover, the disease was more prevalent in the age group 30–40 years (39.6%). The highest incidence was found in the southern region (51.30%), followed by the northern region (27.82%), and central region (18.26%). In our data set, dental surgery, major surgery, disease in family, barber community, blood received, needles, abroad travel, injection drug users, acupuncture, and organ transplantation were determined as the major associated risk factors of the disease. Odds ratio were significantly higher (10.91%) for those who used acupuncture as compared to those who did not. Similarly, odds were significantly higher (10.03%) for those who had HCV in their family, dialysis (9.377%), dental surgery (7.618%), major surgery (6.813%), barber community (5.328%), and blood received (2.252%) as compared to the control group. Also, the most frequent genotype was 3a (63%), followed by an un-typeable genotype (11.30%).
{"title":"Evaluation of Incidence, Genotypes, and Risk Factors Associated with Newly Diagnosed Hepatitis C Cases in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan","authors":"Dr. Najeeb Ullah Khan, Ubaid Ahmad, Maaz Iqbal, Muhammad Ismail, Adeela Mustafa","doi":"10.32350/cto.21.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/cto.21.02","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis C is a global health concern brought on by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The risk factors of the disease include injection drug users, contaminated medical instruments, blood transfusion, organ transplant, major surgery, dialysis, dental surgery, and acupuncture. The aim of the current study was to identify the prevalence of active HCV infection, genotypes, and their associated risk factors in newly infected patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A total of 230 HCV cases and 245 control subjects were enrolled. Our findings revealed that disease infection rates were higher in female patients (52.6%) than male patients (47.4%). Moreover, the disease was more prevalent in the age group 30–40 years (39.6%). The highest incidence was found in the southern region (51.30%), followed by the northern region (27.82%), and central region (18.26%). In our data set, dental surgery, major surgery, disease in family, barber community, blood received, needles, abroad travel, injection drug users, acupuncture, and organ transplantation were determined as the major associated risk factors of the disease. Odds ratio were significantly higher (10.91%) for those who used acupuncture as compared to those who did not. Similarly, odds were significantly higher (10.03%) for those who had HCV in their family, dialysis (9.377%), dental surgery (7.618%), major surgery (6.813%), barber community (5.328%), and blood received (2.252%) as compared to the control group. Also, the most frequent genotype was 3a (63%), followed by an un-typeable genotype (11.30%).","PeriodicalId":271898,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in OMICS","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122407068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human disease prevalence has increased as a result of modern lifestyles, stress, and toxic waste. Worldwide, researchers aim to discover therapeutic compounds which may cure and prevent the onset of diseases. So, this study was planned to discover potential anti-inflammatory metabolites from Trigonella foenum-graecum. It is an annual plant within the family Fabaceae. This plant is used as a spice throughout the world and has many beneficial medicinal effects. It is commonly grown in Pakistan, India, and some Middle Eastern countries. Ten bioactive compounds representative of all classes, namely alkaloid, flavonoid, phytic acid, 4-hydroxy isoleucine, sapogenin, quercetin, trigonelline, tricin, naringenin, and flavonol were selected. Molecular docking of these ligands was carried out against drug targets namely cyclooxygenase-2, Human Neutrophil Elastase (HNE), microsomal PGES-2, and tyrosinase by using CB Dock and AMDock software. Further refining by screening filters produced sapogenin as the lead compound. All the visualization analysis and interaction studies were performed using PyMol molecular visualization tool and Ligplot+. Celebrex was used as the standard for comparison. The comparison between sapogenin and Celebrex showed that the former is much more active than the standard drug. This is a novel finding. So, it might be explored further as a drug candidate to treat chronic inflammatory diseases in the future.
{"title":"Identification of Anti-inflammatory Metabolites from Trigonella foenum-greacum using Computational Approaches","authors":"Erum Dilshad, Muhammad Maaz, Suliman, N. Ashraf","doi":"10.32350/cto.21.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/cto.21.04","url":null,"abstract":"Human disease prevalence has increased as a result of modern lifestyles, stress, and toxic waste. Worldwide, researchers aim to discover therapeutic compounds which may cure and prevent the onset of diseases. So, this study was planned to discover potential anti-inflammatory metabolites from Trigonella foenum-graecum. It is an annual plant within the family Fabaceae. This plant is used as a spice throughout the world and has many beneficial medicinal effects. It is commonly grown in Pakistan, India, and some Middle Eastern countries. Ten bioactive compounds representative of all classes, namely alkaloid, flavonoid, phytic acid, 4-hydroxy isoleucine, sapogenin, quercetin, trigonelline, tricin, naringenin, and flavonol were selected. Molecular docking of these ligands was carried out against drug targets namely cyclooxygenase-2, Human Neutrophil Elastase (HNE), microsomal PGES-2, and tyrosinase by using CB Dock and AMDock software. Further refining by screening filters produced sapogenin as the lead compound. All the visualization analysis and interaction studies were performed using PyMol molecular visualization tool and Ligplot+. Celebrex was used as the standard for comparison. The comparison between sapogenin and Celebrex showed that the former is much more active than the standard drug. This is a novel finding. So, it might be explored further as a drug candidate to treat chronic inflammatory diseases in the future. ","PeriodicalId":271898,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in OMICS","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125395984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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