Pub Date : 2021-11-19DOI: 10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647553
G. Sablina
In this paper, the problem of developing a discrete algorithm of stabilizing for the «suspended load» model object is discussed. A system of differential equations describing the behavior of a «suspended load» object was presented, and a synthesis problem was formulated. A study of the properties of an object based on its nonlinear model has been carried out. It was proposed to divide the control action into two components, each of which solves its own problem. The stabilizing algorithm of this system based on the localization method and PD-controller was developed. A method of estimating of state vector was proposed. It was proposed to use one first-order (for carriage subsystem) and one second-order (for load subsystem) filters to find the full vector of state estimates. After that, a discrete implementation of algorithm was performed. Simulating of stabilizing system by means of Matlab Simulink integrated environment allow proving that the system works out the predetermined initial conditions in a required transient time. The stabilizing algorithm considered in this article copes with its task equally well in both continuous and discrete control systems.
{"title":"Development of the Discrete Algorithm of Stabilizing for «Suspended Load» Model Object","authors":"G. Sablina","doi":"10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647553","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the problem of developing a discrete algorithm of stabilizing for the «suspended load» model object is discussed. A system of differential equations describing the behavior of a «suspended load» object was presented, and a synthesis problem was formulated. A study of the properties of an object based on its nonlinear model has been carried out. It was proposed to divide the control action into two components, each of which solves its own problem. The stabilizing algorithm of this system based on the localization method and PD-controller was developed. A method of estimating of state vector was proposed. It was proposed to use one first-order (for carriage subsystem) and one second-order (for load subsystem) filters to find the full vector of state estimates. After that, a discrete implementation of algorithm was performed. Simulating of stabilizing system by means of Matlab Simulink integrated environment allow proving that the system works out the predetermined initial conditions in a required transient time. The stabilizing algorithm considered in this article copes with its task equally well in both continuous and discrete control systems.","PeriodicalId":272064,"journal":{"name":"2021 XV International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems Of Electronic Instrument Engineering (APEIE)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125557490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-19DOI: 10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647573
M. Andrianov, V. Kostenko, S. Likhachev, A. Ozolin, R. Cherny
The method of increasing the reliability of data transmission under conditions of lognormal amplitude fluctuations of millimeter radio waves at the “spacecraft - ground tracking station” communication line is considered. The complexing mode of intermittent radiation with diversity coherent signals reception when combining the diversity branches according to the select diversity reception algorithm is realized. Accordingly, the estimation of optimal threshold level of the transmitting device is made. Also it is shown that for optimal threshold level, not only the minimum probability of erroneous data reception is provided, but the transmitter energy consumption is also reduced. At the same time, the nose immunity of complexing mode gain grows with an increase of dispersion of lognormal amplitude fluctuations. In this mode the transmitter power does not change. This condition provides a minimum probability of error data reception at the optimal threshold level. Besides, the fixed transmitter power maintains high reliability of all transmitting equipment, as it excludes additional tuning of the power amplifier. In this mode the transmitter power does not change. This condition provides a minimum probability of error data reception at the optimal threshold level. Besides, the fixed transmitter power maintains high reliability of all transmitting equipment, as it excludes additional tuning of the power amplifier.
{"title":"Improving the Reliability of Data Transmission on the “Spacecraft-Ground” Communication Line. Complexing Mode for Intermittent Radiation with Diversity Receive","authors":"M. Andrianov, V. Kostenko, S. Likhachev, A. Ozolin, R. Cherny","doi":"10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647573","url":null,"abstract":"The method of increasing the reliability of data transmission under conditions of lognormal amplitude fluctuations of millimeter radio waves at the “spacecraft - ground tracking station” communication line is considered. The complexing mode of intermittent radiation with diversity coherent signals reception when combining the diversity branches according to the select diversity reception algorithm is realized. Accordingly, the estimation of optimal threshold level of the transmitting device is made. Also it is shown that for optimal threshold level, not only the minimum probability of erroneous data reception is provided, but the transmitter energy consumption is also reduced. At the same time, the nose immunity of complexing mode gain grows with an increase of dispersion of lognormal amplitude fluctuations. In this mode the transmitter power does not change. This condition provides a minimum probability of error data reception at the optimal threshold level. Besides, the fixed transmitter power maintains high reliability of all transmitting equipment, as it excludes additional tuning of the power amplifier. In this mode the transmitter power does not change. This condition provides a minimum probability of error data reception at the optimal threshold level. Besides, the fixed transmitter power maintains high reliability of all transmitting equipment, as it excludes additional tuning of the power amplifier.","PeriodicalId":272064,"journal":{"name":"2021 XV International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems Of Electronic Instrument Engineering (APEIE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129138755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-19DOI: 10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647470
Vadim S. Sokolov, M. Stepanov
A topology of a printed dual-band circular polarization antenna for receiving GLONASS L1 and L2 signals is proposed. The antenna consists of two radiating webs and a signal adder made on the same substrate in one technological cycle, the combination of signals is provided by a Wilkinson adder. The emitters are made in the form of printed resonant antennas with circular polarization. Circular polarization is provided by a phase-shifting loop. The electric field intensity vector rotation direction is determined by the side of the square to which the phase-shifting loop is connected. The article presents the geometric dimensions of the antenna for the FR4 material, if it is necessary to reduce antenna size, the material can be replaced with a more expensive one with a higher relative permittivity. The results of measuring the reflection coefficient modulus of the prototype antenna are presented. Mathematical modeling of the developed antenna is carried out and comparative results of modeling and experimental sample are presented.
{"title":"Synthesis of a Dual-Band Circular Polarization Antenna for Global Navigation Satellite System GLONASS","authors":"Vadim S. Sokolov, M. Stepanov","doi":"10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647470","url":null,"abstract":"A topology of a printed dual-band circular polarization antenna for receiving GLONASS L1 and L2 signals is proposed. The antenna consists of two radiating webs and a signal adder made on the same substrate in one technological cycle, the combination of signals is provided by a Wilkinson adder. The emitters are made in the form of printed resonant antennas with circular polarization. Circular polarization is provided by a phase-shifting loop. The electric field intensity vector rotation direction is determined by the side of the square to which the phase-shifting loop is connected. The article presents the geometric dimensions of the antenna for the FR4 material, if it is necessary to reduce antenna size, the material can be replaced with a more expensive one with a higher relative permittivity. The results of measuring the reflection coefficient modulus of the prototype antenna are presented. Mathematical modeling of the developed antenna is carried out and comparative results of modeling and experimental sample are presented.","PeriodicalId":272064,"journal":{"name":"2021 XV International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems Of Electronic Instrument Engineering (APEIE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129673637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-19DOI: 10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647506
A. Cherevko, Y. Morgachev
Flexible reflectarray are widely used as deployable antennas in the design of small satellites (weight about 320 kg) to reduce the weight and size characteristics. Modern flexible reflectarray antenna use metals as the conductive material. Graphene has unique properties that are suitable for flexible antenna systems - mechanical stability, low specific gravity and cost. This paper is the first to consider the possibility of using graphene as a conductive material in the design of unit cell elements of a reflectarray antenna in the GHz range: a patch element, a patch element with a ring, and a patch element with a delay line. The minimum values of the incident wave amplitude and the phase variation range for each element were -4.08 dB and 327.6 degrees, -19.63 dB and 684.73 degrees, -6.24 dB and 526 degrees, respectively. The comparison of the obtained characteristics of unit cell elements with similar silver elements is carried out. Comparison of the characteristics with the literature analogs showed that the printed graphene unit cell elements of the reflectarray antenna have satisfactory characteristics.
{"title":"Unit Cells of Flexible Printed Graphene Reflectarray Antenna for Satellite and Microwave Communications","authors":"A. Cherevko, Y. Morgachev","doi":"10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647506","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible reflectarray are widely used as deployable antennas in the design of small satellites (weight about 320 kg) to reduce the weight and size characteristics. Modern flexible reflectarray antenna use metals as the conductive material. Graphene has unique properties that are suitable for flexible antenna systems - mechanical stability, low specific gravity and cost. This paper is the first to consider the possibility of using graphene as a conductive material in the design of unit cell elements of a reflectarray antenna in the GHz range: a patch element, a patch element with a ring, and a patch element with a delay line. The minimum values of the incident wave amplitude and the phase variation range for each element were -4.08 dB and 327.6 degrees, -19.63 dB and 684.73 degrees, -6.24 dB and 526 degrees, respectively. The comparison of the obtained characteristics of unit cell elements with similar silver elements is carried out. Comparison of the characteristics with the literature analogs showed that the printed graphene unit cell elements of the reflectarray antenna have satisfactory characteristics.","PeriodicalId":272064,"journal":{"name":"2021 XV International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems Of Electronic Instrument Engineering (APEIE)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129196525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-19DOI: 10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647474
I. Minin, O. Minin, G. V. Shuvalov
A new strategy to improve the enhancement of an optical wave confinement in photoconductive antenna by implementation of a single or array of dielectric wavelength-scaled structures of different shape featuring symmetrical and broken symmetry into PCA's gap is offered. The results of the simulation and optimization of these novel-designed PCAs are discussed. The spectral and power characteristics, and the efficiency of optical-to-terahertz switches are the key parameters. To increase the efficiency of the OT conversion, the use of mesoscale dielectric particle placed onto the gap between the electrodes of optical-to-terahertz switches was offered. It has been shown, that it is possible to increase the field intensity localization of light (about 9.6 times) and to achieve the minimal beam waist of about 0.32 $lambda_{0}$ in photoconductor, which is below the Abbe diffraction limit. The proposed design of a metalens based on a single or array of dielectric wavelength-scaled particles (dielectric grating or colloidal particles) with anomalous apodization effect can become a promising way for increasing the efficiency of an optical-to-terahertz switches and increase the photocurrent about 1.4 - 1.5 times.
{"title":"Dielectric Wavelength-Scaled Metalenses Based on an Anomalous Apodization Effect for Photoconductive Optical-to-Terahertz Switches","authors":"I. Minin, O. Minin, G. V. Shuvalov","doi":"10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647474","url":null,"abstract":"A new strategy to improve the enhancement of an optical wave confinement in photoconductive antenna by implementation of a single or array of dielectric wavelength-scaled structures of different shape featuring symmetrical and broken symmetry into PCA's gap is offered. The results of the simulation and optimization of these novel-designed PCAs are discussed. The spectral and power characteristics, and the efficiency of optical-to-terahertz switches are the key parameters. To increase the efficiency of the OT conversion, the use of mesoscale dielectric particle placed onto the gap between the electrodes of optical-to-terahertz switches was offered. It has been shown, that it is possible to increase the field intensity localization of light (about 9.6 times) and to achieve the minimal beam waist of about 0.32 $lambda_{0}$ in photoconductor, which is below the Abbe diffraction limit. The proposed design of a metalens based on a single or array of dielectric wavelength-scaled particles (dielectric grating or colloidal particles) with anomalous apodization effect can become a promising way for increasing the efficiency of an optical-to-terahertz switches and increase the photocurrent about 1.4 - 1.5 times.","PeriodicalId":272064,"journal":{"name":"2021 XV International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems Of Electronic Instrument Engineering (APEIE)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121461366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-19DOI: 10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647607
I. I. Patrushev
The method of control synthesis for optimal development of oil fields with use of polymer flooding method to increase oil recovery is described in this paper. The main purpose is to maximize the economic effect and decrease special equipment operational loading. The base of the approach considered is minimization of the quadratic functional with Gauss-Newton method. The minimum of the functional corresponds to the economic effect wanted: maximization of the volume of recovered oil with minimal volume of used polymer. The method includes special bottomhole pressure constraints processing due to technological capabilities of the special downhole equipment. When building the optimal scheme high quality digital models of the field are used with the method of numerical modeling of multiphase flow in porous media that takes into account complex physical processes taking place in the reservoir when EOR methods are applied. Computational experiments have been provided on the model obtained as a result of well data adaptation. Three versions of optimized five years development scheme have been built: with no constraints on the bottomhole pressure and with limitation of 250 and 200 atm. The experiments results have shown that the use of synthesis allows gaining wanted economic effect including under the given constraints due to decreasing of the special equipment operational loading.
{"title":"Synthesis of the Optimal Scheme Polymer Flooding with Constraints on the Bottomhole Pressure","authors":"I. I. Patrushev","doi":"10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647607","url":null,"abstract":"The method of control synthesis for optimal development of oil fields with use of polymer flooding method to increase oil recovery is described in this paper. The main purpose is to maximize the economic effect and decrease special equipment operational loading. The base of the approach considered is minimization of the quadratic functional with Gauss-Newton method. The minimum of the functional corresponds to the economic effect wanted: maximization of the volume of recovered oil with minimal volume of used polymer. The method includes special bottomhole pressure constraints processing due to technological capabilities of the special downhole equipment. When building the optimal scheme high quality digital models of the field are used with the method of numerical modeling of multiphase flow in porous media that takes into account complex physical processes taking place in the reservoir when EOR methods are applied. Computational experiments have been provided on the model obtained as a result of well data adaptation. Three versions of optimized five years development scheme have been built: with no constraints on the bottomhole pressure and with limitation of 250 and 200 atm. The experiments results have shown that the use of synthesis allows gaining wanted economic effect including under the given constraints due to decreasing of the special equipment operational loading.","PeriodicalId":272064,"journal":{"name":"2021 XV International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems Of Electronic Instrument Engineering (APEIE)","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122747486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-19DOI: 10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647454
Aleksandr S. Aleksashin, I. Stupakov
The fast multipole boundary element method finds applications in computer simulation used for a wide variety of electromagnetic and acoustic phenomena. FMM is a tool for the boundary element method optimization. The paper proposes a block-matrix representation of multipole operators for the fast multipole boundary element method. A modification of the FMM is proposed using such a representation of the multipole operators. One of the advantages of the offered method is that the system of linear algebraic equations occurring after its use can be solved by direct methods. Moreover, it is possible to use non-specialized preconditioners in iterative methods to solve SLAE. The matrix assembled in the offered method can be used to precondition the SLAE, obtained by the fast multipole boundary element method, without the proposed modification. The article describes an algorithm for a simple method to obtain the matrix form of multipole operators. A comparison of the fast multipole boundary element method without offered modification and with block-diagonal preconditioning and with the preconditioning proposed in the article is given. During the comparison, harmonics of different orders were used to construct the preconditioner. The use of the proposed method as a preconditioner makes the SLAE preconditioning for the FMM without offered modification of boundary elements relatively simple and sufficiently high quality, which accelerates the convergence of iterative methods.
{"title":"Matrix Representation of the Fast Multipole Method of Scalar Boundary Elements","authors":"Aleksandr S. Aleksashin, I. Stupakov","doi":"10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647454","url":null,"abstract":"The fast multipole boundary element method finds applications in computer simulation used for a wide variety of electromagnetic and acoustic phenomena. FMM is a tool for the boundary element method optimization. The paper proposes a block-matrix representation of multipole operators for the fast multipole boundary element method. A modification of the FMM is proposed using such a representation of the multipole operators. One of the advantages of the offered method is that the system of linear algebraic equations occurring after its use can be solved by direct methods. Moreover, it is possible to use non-specialized preconditioners in iterative methods to solve SLAE. The matrix assembled in the offered method can be used to precondition the SLAE, obtained by the fast multipole boundary element method, without the proposed modification. The article describes an algorithm for a simple method to obtain the matrix form of multipole operators. A comparison of the fast multipole boundary element method without offered modification and with block-diagonal preconditioning and with the preconditioning proposed in the article is given. During the comparison, harmonics of different orders were used to construct the preconditioner. The use of the proposed method as a preconditioner makes the SLAE preconditioning for the FMM without offered modification of boundary elements relatively simple and sufficiently high quality, which accelerates the convergence of iterative methods.","PeriodicalId":272064,"journal":{"name":"2021 XV International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems Of Electronic Instrument Engineering (APEIE)","volume":"344 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123401750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-19DOI: 10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647540
A. Kostyukovich, Ksenia I. Shurygina, E. Kokoreva, Ilya V. Doshchinsky
Using the trilateration mechanism for local positioning requires a careful study of the mobile object's coordinates calculation methods, based on the measurement of various physical parameters (signal strength level at the receiver, signal propagation delay, reception angle, etc.). This article will be about choosing the radio propagation model in a case where the transmitter and receiver antennas are located in line of sight of each other inside the room. Increasing the accuracy of determining the subscriber device's coordinates up to 3–5 meters, which is the main goal of this work, is achieved through analytical modeling and field tests of the positioning system in the sampling points of the room. Approximation of the difference between the measured and calculated signal attenuation values by the linear regression allows finding the coefficients of additional losses in the premises manifesting because of multiple signal's reflections from obstacles and other factors. The results of processing experimental data obtained by measuring the signal strength at the sampling points are derived. These data are compared with the results of calculations and used as the basis for determining the target object's location.
{"title":"Locating an Object inside a Room under Line-of-Sight Conditions between Transmitter and Receiver","authors":"A. Kostyukovich, Ksenia I. Shurygina, E. Kokoreva, Ilya V. Doshchinsky","doi":"10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647540","url":null,"abstract":"Using the trilateration mechanism for local positioning requires a careful study of the mobile object's coordinates calculation methods, based on the measurement of various physical parameters (signal strength level at the receiver, signal propagation delay, reception angle, etc.). This article will be about choosing the radio propagation model in a case where the transmitter and receiver antennas are located in line of sight of each other inside the room. Increasing the accuracy of determining the subscriber device's coordinates up to 3–5 meters, which is the main goal of this work, is achieved through analytical modeling and field tests of the positioning system in the sampling points of the room. Approximation of the difference between the measured and calculated signal attenuation values by the linear regression allows finding the coefficients of additional losses in the premises manifesting because of multiple signal's reflections from obstacles and other factors. The results of processing experimental data obtained by measuring the signal strength at the sampling points are derived. These data are compared with the results of calculations and used as the basis for determining the target object's location.","PeriodicalId":272064,"journal":{"name":"2021 XV International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems Of Electronic Instrument Engineering (APEIE)","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115678294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-19DOI: 10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647515
V. Karlin
This paper describes numerical experiments on modeling the propagation of pulse sequences in optical fibers of type G.655 when using lumped and distributed methods of signal amplification. It is shown that the mutual influence of pulses in the transmitted sequence decreases if distributed signal amplification with bidirectional pumping power is used to compensate for signal power losses in optical fibers. The expediency of using optical fibers of G.655 type in soliton transmission lines is substantiated. By means of simulation results it can be concluded that the use of distributed amplification with bidirectional pumping allows increasing the length of compensated sections up to 100 km with no degradation of signal quality when building soliton transmission lines with optical fibers of G.655 type. The numerical solution for this problem was found using the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which considers both the signal power loss and the signal gain using different pumping techniques. Numerical modeling was performed using the Fourier method of splitting by physical factors. The MATLAB package of applied programs, designed for solving problems of technical calculations, was used in this work.
{"title":"Simulation of the Soliton Propagation in Optical Fibers with Various Methods of Signal Amplification","authors":"V. Karlin","doi":"10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647515","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes numerical experiments on modeling the propagation of pulse sequences in optical fibers of type G.655 when using lumped and distributed methods of signal amplification. It is shown that the mutual influence of pulses in the transmitted sequence decreases if distributed signal amplification with bidirectional pumping power is used to compensate for signal power losses in optical fibers. The expediency of using optical fibers of G.655 type in soliton transmission lines is substantiated. By means of simulation results it can be concluded that the use of distributed amplification with bidirectional pumping allows increasing the length of compensated sections up to 100 km with no degradation of signal quality when building soliton transmission lines with optical fibers of G.655 type. The numerical solution for this problem was found using the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which considers both the signal power loss and the signal gain using different pumping techniques. Numerical modeling was performed using the Fourier method of splitting by physical factors. The MATLAB package of applied programs, designed for solving problems of technical calculations, was used in this work.","PeriodicalId":272064,"journal":{"name":"2021 XV International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems Of Electronic Instrument Engineering (APEIE)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115945984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-19DOI: 10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647686
A. A. Voevoda, V. Shipagin
The task of controlling some systems is complicated due to the fact that real technical plants may contain delay links. That is, there is a certain time period when there is no reaction from the regulated plant to the control action. Usually, the delay link presence negatively affects the quality of such system management. There are various ways to synthesize a control system for such systems. These include: Smith predictors, specialized control tuning algorithms, the use of self-adjusting systems with active adaptation. However, they impose additional requirements on the system dynamics or are complex in technical implementation and configuration. Within the framework of this article, an attempt is made to calculate the controller by the polynomial method for a plant with a delay. The delay mathematical model is obtained by approximating the delay link by Pade series. To ensure the necessary dynamics of the transition process, we will require the system to preserve the poles of the delay link. Then the controller, calculated for a system with a delay link in the form of a Pade series, is applied to a system with an “ideal” delay. For clarity of the calculations carried out, an plant in the form of a aperiodic combination and integrating links connected in different ways is taken as an example. The integrating link is necessary to give the system astatic properties. As a delay, we will use the approximation of a number of Pads of different orders. The lag link gives the system an unstable character.
{"title":"Synthesis of a Controller for a System with a Delay","authors":"A. A. Voevoda, V. Shipagin","doi":"10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apeie52976.2021.9647686","url":null,"abstract":"The task of controlling some systems is complicated due to the fact that real technical plants may contain delay links. That is, there is a certain time period when there is no reaction from the regulated plant to the control action. Usually, the delay link presence negatively affects the quality of such system management. There are various ways to synthesize a control system for such systems. These include: Smith predictors, specialized control tuning algorithms, the use of self-adjusting systems with active adaptation. However, they impose additional requirements on the system dynamics or are complex in technical implementation and configuration. Within the framework of this article, an attempt is made to calculate the controller by the polynomial method for a plant with a delay. The delay mathematical model is obtained by approximating the delay link by Pade series. To ensure the necessary dynamics of the transition process, we will require the system to preserve the poles of the delay link. Then the controller, calculated for a system with a delay link in the form of a Pade series, is applied to a system with an “ideal” delay. For clarity of the calculations carried out, an plant in the form of a aperiodic combination and integrating links connected in different ways is taken as an example. The integrating link is necessary to give the system astatic properties. As a delay, we will use the approximation of a number of Pads of different orders. The lag link gives the system an unstable character.","PeriodicalId":272064,"journal":{"name":"2021 XV International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems Of Electronic Instrument Engineering (APEIE)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127036276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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