Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/CPE.2009.5156037
C. Heising, M. Oettmeier, M. Gorski, V. Staudt, A. Steimel
Traction vehicles operating in the single-phase 16.7-Hz-railway grid - typical for central Europe - employ a resonant circuit connected in parallel to the DC-link capacitor. The resonant circuit is necessary to take up the unavoidable grid power pulsation with double frequency, leaving a smooth DC-link voltage. In reality grid-voltage frequency and resonance frequency of the resonant circuit do not fit accurately: Manufacturing tolerances of resonant-circuit capacitor and inductance lead to an adjustment error and the railway-grid frequency moves within a defined intervall, due to the power-frequency control, independent from the European interconnected mains. In this paper implications of the adjustment error are analysed. Additionally instructions for parameter identification are given and backed by measurement results.
{"title":"Implications of resonant circuit adjustment errors to the DC-link voltage in single-phase 16.7-Hz-railway applications","authors":"C. Heising, M. Oettmeier, M. Gorski, V. Staudt, A. Steimel","doi":"10.1109/CPE.2009.5156037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPE.2009.5156037","url":null,"abstract":"Traction vehicles operating in the single-phase 16.7-Hz-railway grid - typical for central Europe - employ a resonant circuit connected in parallel to the DC-link capacitor. The resonant circuit is necessary to take up the unavoidable grid power pulsation with double frequency, leaving a smooth DC-link voltage. In reality grid-voltage frequency and resonance frequency of the resonant circuit do not fit accurately: Manufacturing tolerances of resonant-circuit capacitor and inductance lead to an adjustment error and the railway-grid frequency moves within a defined intervall, due to the power-frequency control, independent from the European interconnected mains. In this paper implications of the adjustment error are analysed. Additionally instructions for parameter identification are given and backed by measurement results.","PeriodicalId":272748,"journal":{"name":"2009 Compatibility and Power Electronics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127788356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/CPE.2009.5156061
S. Gueye, B. Dakyo, J. Raharijaona, D. Baudry, Z. Riah, S. Alves, P. Eudeline
The aim of the study is the analysis of EMC disturbances production from a power supply unit for a radar subset (Power amplifiers, transmitter and reception (T/R) modules, synthesizers. The front stage of the power circuit is made of a power factor corrector (PFC). The output circuit is a BUCK converter insulated from the PFC by means of a transformer. Both PFC and output circuits, required the analysis of critical frequencies appearance facing the EMC standard for such application. For a given device the first step of modelling can be achieved by identification of the circuits' active loops. This is aimed to investigate EMC by means of simulation. The near field analysis and Fourier transform computation can give the relevant parameters values and the deterministic way to investigate or cancel the disturbances. This can give a tool of good design process for future devices.
{"title":"Analyse, identification, and modelling of electromagnetic disturbance sources. Actual signal approach applied to power supply unit","authors":"S. Gueye, B. Dakyo, J. Raharijaona, D. Baudry, Z. Riah, S. Alves, P. Eudeline","doi":"10.1109/CPE.2009.5156061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPE.2009.5156061","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is the analysis of EMC disturbances production from a power supply unit for a radar subset (Power amplifiers, transmitter and reception (T/R) modules, synthesizers. The front stage of the power circuit is made of a power factor corrector (PFC). The output circuit is a BUCK converter insulated from the PFC by means of a transformer. Both PFC and output circuits, required the analysis of critical frequencies appearance facing the EMC standard for such application. For a given device the first step of modelling can be achieved by identification of the circuits' active loops. This is aimed to investigate EMC by means of simulation. The near field analysis and Fourier transform computation can give the relevant parameters values and the deterministic way to investigate or cancel the disturbances. This can give a tool of good design process for future devices.","PeriodicalId":272748,"journal":{"name":"2009 Compatibility and Power Electronics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127892573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/CPE.2009.5156046
T. Hornik, Qing-Chang Zhong
In this paper, different control schemes for grid-connected DC-AC power converters are discussed and compared with experimental results. The voltage controller based on H∞ and repetitive control techniques is compared with a traditional proportional-integral (PI) controller implemented in synchronously rotating reference frame and a proportional resonant (PR) controller implemented in stationary reference frame, with main focus on harmonics distortion and DC current injection to the utility grid. The result shows that the H∞ repetitive controller offers significant improvement in waveform quality and current harmonic distortion over conventional PI and PR controllers.
{"title":"Control of grid-connected DC-AC converters in distributed generation: Experimental comparison of different schemes","authors":"T. Hornik, Qing-Chang Zhong","doi":"10.1109/CPE.2009.5156046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPE.2009.5156046","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, different control schemes for grid-connected DC-AC power converters are discussed and compared with experimental results. The voltage controller based on H∞ and repetitive control techniques is compared with a traditional proportional-integral (PI) controller implemented in synchronously rotating reference frame and a proportional resonant (PR) controller implemented in stationary reference frame, with main focus on harmonics distortion and DC current injection to the utility grid. The result shows that the H∞ repetitive controller offers significant improvement in waveform quality and current harmonic distortion over conventional PI and PR controllers.","PeriodicalId":272748,"journal":{"name":"2009 Compatibility and Power Electronics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126599832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/CPE.2009.5156032
M. Hartman
Some remarks on the power states calculation in the electrical circuits have been described. The new equation for Illovici's reactive power has been proposed. Based on Illovici's concept of the reactive power, Emanuel's, Erlicki's and Czarnecki's observation concerning the reactive power properties, the new term of power based on equiformity of voltage and current waveforms has been introduced. The two steps of non-active power reduction or elimination has been also proposed.
{"title":"The integral method to calculate the power states in electrical circuits","authors":"M. Hartman","doi":"10.1109/CPE.2009.5156032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPE.2009.5156032","url":null,"abstract":"Some remarks on the power states calculation in the electrical circuits have been described. The new equation for Illovici's reactive power has been proposed. Based on Illovici's concept of the reactive power, Emanuel's, Erlicki's and Czarnecki's observation concerning the reactive power properties, the new term of power based on equiformity of voltage and current waveforms has been introduced. The two steps of non-active power reduction or elimination has been also proposed.","PeriodicalId":272748,"journal":{"name":"2009 Compatibility and Power Electronics","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124306978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/CPE.2009.5156034
R. Strzelecki, M. Adamowicz, Natalia Strzelecka, W. Bury
This paper presents different topologies of voltage inverters with alternative input LC networks. The basic topology is known in the literature as a Z-source inverter (ZSI). Alternative passive networks were named by the authors as T-sources. T-source inverter has fewer reactive components in comparison to conventional Z-source inverter. The most significant advantage of the T-source inverter (TSI) is its use of a common voltage source of the passive arrangement. Experimental results for the TSI are in agreement with theoretical and simulated prediction.
{"title":"New type T-Source inverter","authors":"R. Strzelecki, M. Adamowicz, Natalia Strzelecka, W. Bury","doi":"10.1109/CPE.2009.5156034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPE.2009.5156034","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents different topologies of voltage inverters with alternative input LC networks. The basic topology is known in the literature as a Z-source inverter (ZSI). Alternative passive networks were named by the authors as T-sources. T-source inverter has fewer reactive components in comparison to conventional Z-source inverter. The most significant advantage of the T-source inverter (TSI) is its use of a common voltage source of the passive arrangement. Experimental results for the TSI are in agreement with theoretical and simulated prediction.","PeriodicalId":272748,"journal":{"name":"2009 Compatibility and Power Electronics","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123122788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/CPE.2009.5156058
A. Kilk, J. Jarvik, Viktor Keskula
Analysis of both primary and secondary magnetic field of permanent magnet synchronous generator in the axial end zone of air-gap has been presented. The models for study of primary and secondary magnetic field by the method of conformal mapping and using the method of current images have been created and analysed. The influence of axial end effects to primary and secondary magnetic field has been taken into consideration by means of end effect coefficients. The calculated magnetic field distribution in the end zone of air-gap was compared with the results of finite element analysis and with test curves.
{"title":"Magnetic field analysis of permanent magnet low-speed synchronous generators for wind applications","authors":"A. Kilk, J. Jarvik, Viktor Keskula","doi":"10.1109/CPE.2009.5156058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPE.2009.5156058","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of both primary and secondary magnetic field of permanent magnet synchronous generator in the axial end zone of air-gap has been presented. The models for study of primary and secondary magnetic field by the method of conformal mapping and using the method of current images have been created and analysed. The influence of axial end effects to primary and secondary magnetic field has been taken into consideration by means of end effect coefficients. The calculated magnetic field distribution in the end zone of air-gap was compared with the results of finite element analysis and with test curves.","PeriodicalId":272748,"journal":{"name":"2009 Compatibility and Power Electronics","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124237155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/CPE.2009.5156029
P. Biczel, Lukasz Michalski
In the time of rapid changes in power industry the need to develop new power systems arises. The newly developed systems should aim at wide utilisation of renewable power sources and CO2-neutral technologies. This goal can be achieved by e.g. dissipated generation, or integrating DG into microgrids. The microgrids can be built using AC or DC current networks. Authors propose DC microgrid as a new idea for a small, balanced distribution power system. It has been designed to supply small towns and villages with electricity with high penetration of renewable energy resources. However, designing an optimal microgrid is not an easy task, due to the fact that primary energy carriers are changeable and uncontrollable, as is the demand. Traditional design and optimisation tools, developed for controlled power sources, cannot be employed here. Simulation methods seem to be the best solution. The microgrid consists of several devices, with most important among them - the power electronic devices.
{"title":"Simulink Models of Power Electronic Converters for DC Microgrid Simulation","authors":"P. Biczel, Lukasz Michalski","doi":"10.1109/CPE.2009.5156029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPE.2009.5156029","url":null,"abstract":"In the time of rapid changes in power industry the need to develop new power systems arises. The newly developed systems should aim at wide utilisation of renewable power sources and CO2-neutral technologies. This goal can be achieved by e.g. dissipated generation, or integrating DG into microgrids. The microgrids can be built using AC or DC current networks. Authors propose DC microgrid as a new idea for a small, balanced distribution power system. It has been designed to supply small towns and villages with electricity with high penetration of renewable energy resources. However, designing an optimal microgrid is not an easy task, due to the fact that primary energy carriers are changeable and uncontrollable, as is the demand. Traditional design and optimisation tools, developed for controlled power sources, cannot be employed here. Simulation methods seem to be the best solution. The microgrid consists of several devices, with most important among them - the power electronic devices.","PeriodicalId":272748,"journal":{"name":"2009 Compatibility and Power Electronics","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134423148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/CPE.2009.5156019
M. A. Guerrero, E. Romero, F. Barrero, M. I. Milanés, E. González
In this paper, an overview of energy storage systems alternatives to use in medium energy scale applications is done. The considered technologies are compressed air, pumped hydro, superconductors, flywheels and supercapacitors. The last four are suitable for the medium scale applications (as 100 kW photovoltaic generation plants) which this paper is focused on. The supercapacitor alternative is studied in more detail, presenting these device structures, how they can be modeled and their principal applications. The overview is carried out after a detailed reference selection.
{"title":"Overview of medium scale energy storage systems","authors":"M. A. Guerrero, E. Romero, F. Barrero, M. I. Milanés, E. González","doi":"10.1109/CPE.2009.5156019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPE.2009.5156019","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an overview of energy storage systems alternatives to use in medium energy scale applications is done. The considered technologies are compressed air, pumped hydro, superconductors, flywheels and supercapacitors. The last four are suitable for the medium scale applications (as 100 kW photovoltaic generation plants) which this paper is focused on. The supercapacitor alternative is studied in more detail, presenting these device structures, how they can be modeled and their principal applications. The overview is carried out after a detailed reference selection.","PeriodicalId":272748,"journal":{"name":"2009 Compatibility and Power Electronics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128048714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/CPE.2009.5156040
C. Heising, M. Oettmeier, R. Bartelt, V. Staudt, A. Steimel
Four-quadrant line-side converters supplying PWM-inverter-fed induction machines are a standard application in railway traction vehicles. In scope of an extensive project aiming at an advanced overall control scheme for traction vehicles taking amongst others grid interaction and stability into account, the steady-state and transient operation of a single-phase 50-kW, 16.7-Hz four-quadrant line-side converter are analysed in detail. This topology is hereby fed by a slip-ring induction generator (IG) with DC excitation, operating as railway-grid rotary-converter representation. In this paper the structure of the 50-kW test bench representing a railway grid and a traction vehicle and the used PC-based real-time control hardware are introduced. Despite the highly disturbed rotary converter output voltage measurement results verifying excellent operation are given for the line-side converter, whose PI-control scheme is described in detail. Hereby two different loads are used: resistor and motor inverter.
{"title":"Single-phase 50-kW 16.7-Hz PI-controlled four-quadrant line-side converter lab model fed by rotary converter","authors":"C. Heising, M. Oettmeier, R. Bartelt, V. Staudt, A. Steimel","doi":"10.1109/CPE.2009.5156040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPE.2009.5156040","url":null,"abstract":"Four-quadrant line-side converters supplying PWM-inverter-fed induction machines are a standard application in railway traction vehicles. In scope of an extensive project aiming at an advanced overall control scheme for traction vehicles taking amongst others grid interaction and stability into account, the steady-state and transient operation of a single-phase 50-kW, 16.7-Hz four-quadrant line-side converter are analysed in detail. This topology is hereby fed by a slip-ring induction generator (IG) with DC excitation, operating as railway-grid rotary-converter representation. In this paper the structure of the 50-kW test bench representing a railway grid and a traction vehicle and the used PC-based real-time control hardware are introduced. Despite the highly disturbed rotary converter output voltage measurement results verifying excellent operation are given for the line-side converter, whose PI-control scheme is described in detail. Hereby two different loads are used: resistor and motor inverter.","PeriodicalId":272748,"journal":{"name":"2009 Compatibility and Power Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129293974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/CPE.2009.5156068
S. Mishra, K. Ngo
Modern computation and communication integrated circuit are continually powered from a lower voltage with stringent static and dynamic limitations. The power supplies with hysteretic modulators exhibit superior dynamic performance and help reduce the number of output capacitors without sacrificing transient response. The synthetic ripple modulator (SRM) allows proper hysteretic operation even with a small and corrupted output voltage ripple. This paper discusses a dynamic optimization technique for the SRM, which enables the voltage regulator module (VRM) to get back within regulation in the least amount of time with minimum number of output capacitors. The design methodology and corresponding equations are derived and verified with a design example. Experimental validation on a 1.8 V/15 A module demonstrates the effectiveness of the technique with a maximum excursion time of 5 µs above the static regulation limits.
{"title":"Dynamic response optimization of the synthetic ripple modulator for a point-of-load converter with adaptive voltage positioning","authors":"S. Mishra, K. Ngo","doi":"10.1109/CPE.2009.5156068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPE.2009.5156068","url":null,"abstract":"Modern computation and communication integrated circuit are continually powered from a lower voltage with stringent static and dynamic limitations. The power supplies with hysteretic modulators exhibit superior dynamic performance and help reduce the number of output capacitors without sacrificing transient response. The synthetic ripple modulator (SRM) allows proper hysteretic operation even with a small and corrupted output voltage ripple. This paper discusses a dynamic optimization technique for the SRM, which enables the voltage regulator module (VRM) to get back within regulation in the least amount of time with minimum number of output capacitors. The design methodology and corresponding equations are derived and verified with a design example. Experimental validation on a 1.8 V/15 A module demonstrates the effectiveness of the technique with a maximum excursion time of 5 µs above the static regulation limits.","PeriodicalId":272748,"journal":{"name":"2009 Compatibility and Power Electronics","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122958404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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