Occupied de facto in 1716–1717 by the imperial forces, the Banat of Timișoara (Temeswar) became de iure a province of the Habsburg monachy as stipulated by the Treaty of peace at Passarowitz (July 21, 1718) concluded with the Ottoman Empire. Enjoying the status of a direct estate of the Austrian Crown and Court-Chamber, the new acquired territory proved soon to be an excellent field to test the mercantilistic precepts prevailing at the Court in Vienna. Trade was among the favorite domains for these experiences seeking not only an active export of local merchandises but also a positive balance of trade to attract cash in the country and avoid his exportation. The Treaty of commerce concluded with the Ottoman Porte at Passarowitz (July 28, 1718) offered in this view a favourable frame to the commercial relations of the Imperial Banat. In order to restrain and check the deals of the foreign Turkish merchants as well as of the local ones (Greeks/ Macedo-Romanians, Jewish and Serbs), general of cavalry (since 1723 fieldmarshal) count Claudius Florimond de Mercy, the first military and civilian governor of the Banat, a close friend and partner to Prince Eugene of Savoy, president of the Court War Council, recommended 1722 to Emperor Charles VI the establishement of a trade company at Timișoara (Temeswar), the capital city of the new imperial province. A first temporary agreement was signed on August 23, 1723, the final one was concluded at Timișoara on November 11, 1723 (see the full text in attachment). Among the 14 shareholders (one share being 3000 florins) to the „Commercial Society at Timișoara” subscribed governor Mercy, lieutenant general (fieldmarshal-lieutenant) count Wallis, commander of the fortress of Timișoara and military counsellor to the Banatic Administration (appointed as well as managing director of the trade company), the civilian counsellors Rebentisch and Haan and even a Serbian merchant, Jovan Bibitsch (Bibić). The amount of the subscribed capital raised to 49.000 florins. As for the trade articles, wax and honey ranged on the top. As a consequence of the auspicious start, the „Commercial Society at Timișoara” got a substantial support form the Court Chamber. Therefore, on March 8, 1725, on governor Mercy’s initiative, at Vienna was signed a new company-agreement (see the full text in attachment). According to this, the subscribed capital of the 21 shareholders – among them the Imperial Office of State Revenues with three shares of 3000 florins each, and three civilian and military advisors to the Imperial Court – raised to 86.000 florins. The commercial house owed by the brothers Palm at Vienna (having subscribed for one share) was appointed to manage all trade operations of the „Commercial Society” abroad, while at Timișoara were left only the pay office and two officials to deal with the acquisition and sending of merchandises. Following governor Mercy’s insistences, the new company-agreement was stipulating the establishment
{"title":"„Societatea de Comerț din Timișoara” (“Temeswarer Commercien-Societät”) – un experiment eșuat al mercantilismului austriac în Banatul imperial (1723-1730) /„The Commercial Society at Timișoara” („Temeswarer Commercien-Societät”) – a failed experiment of the Austrian Mercantilism in the Imperial Bana","authors":"Costin Feneșan","doi":"10.55201/llfb2371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/llfb2371","url":null,"abstract":"Occupied de facto in 1716–1717 by the imperial forces, the Banat of Timișoara (Temeswar) became de iure a province of the Habsburg monachy as stipulated by the Treaty of peace at Passarowitz (July 21, 1718) concluded with the Ottoman Empire. Enjoying the status of a direct estate of the Austrian Crown and Court-Chamber, the new acquired territory proved soon to be an excellent field to test the mercantilistic precepts prevailing at the Court in Vienna. Trade was among the favorite domains for these experiences seeking not only an active export of local merchandises but also a positive balance of trade to attract cash in the country and avoid his exportation. The Treaty of commerce concluded with the Ottoman Porte at Passarowitz (July 28, 1718) offered in this view a favourable frame to the commercial relations of the Imperial Banat. In order to restrain and check the deals of the foreign Turkish merchants as well as of the local ones (Greeks/ Macedo-Romanians, Jewish and Serbs), general of cavalry (since 1723 fieldmarshal) count Claudius Florimond de Mercy, the first military and civilian governor of the Banat, a close friend and partner to Prince Eugene of Savoy, president of the Court War Council, recommended 1722 to Emperor Charles VI the establishement of a trade company at Timișoara (Temeswar), the capital city of the new imperial province. A first temporary agreement was signed on August 23, 1723, the final one was concluded at Timișoara on November 11, 1723 (see the full text in attachment). Among the 14 shareholders (one share being 3000 florins) to the „Commercial Society at Timișoara” subscribed governor Mercy, lieutenant general (fieldmarshal-lieutenant) count Wallis, commander of the fortress of Timișoara and military counsellor to the Banatic Administration (appointed as well as managing director of the trade company), the civilian counsellors Rebentisch and Haan and even a Serbian merchant, Jovan Bibitsch (Bibić). The amount of the subscribed capital raised to 49.000 florins. As for the trade articles, wax and honey ranged on the top. As a consequence of the auspicious start, the „Commercial Society at Timișoara” got a substantial support form the Court Chamber. Therefore, on March 8, 1725, on governor Mercy’s initiative, at Vienna was signed a new company-agreement (see the full text in attachment). According to this, the subscribed capital of the 21 shareholders – among them the Imperial Office of State Revenues with three shares of 3000 florins each, and three civilian and military advisors to the Imperial Court – raised to 86.000 florins. The commercial house owed by the brothers Palm at Vienna (having subscribed for one share) was appointed to manage all trade operations of the „Commercial Society” abroad, while at Timișoara were left only the pay office and two officials to deal with the acquisition and sending of merchandises. Following governor Mercy’s insistences, the new company-agreement was stipulating the establishment ","PeriodicalId":273490,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XVIII 2020","volume":"310 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132439878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with the analysis of faunal remains from the late Neolithic habitation from Uivar-Gomilă, targeting the material from the trench (S.) XI. The site was investigated between the 1999-2009’s campaigns; based on radiocarbon data the Neolithic settlement functioned between 4950-4500 BC. About 44,000 animal remains were recovered and analyzed, they were assigned to Neo-Eneolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Middle Ages and modern periods. The sample recovered from trench XI amounts to 7,957 bones, of which, 6,196 belong to the late Neolithic habitation (Vinča C), 371 to the Tiszapolgár level, 920 to the medieval period and 470 to the mixture layer. Of the Neolithic sample, 2,268 bones originate in the structures of some houses (floors, pits, foundation ditches) and 3,928 in the culture layer. Of the 2,268 clearly assigned bones, 1054 come from the 2nd and 3th layers (taken together according to archaeological data) and 1,214 from the 4th layer (Tab. 1, 2). The sample from 2nd layer comes from pillar pits, foundation ditches of two burned buildings, marked with F. 3172/3173, F. 3123a and from an adobe agglomeration (F. 3150). The sample from the 3rd layer was collected from an agglomeration of ceramics and bones (F. 3261), two garbage pits (F. 3214, F. 3219), and foundation ditches (F. 3321, F. 3328). The layers 2+3 provided 1,054 mammal bones, of which 342 belong to domestic species (50%) and as many to wildlife. Another 370 fragments represent ribs and flakes of long bones, not specifically assigned. According to the percentage distribution, cattle predominate with 29.1%, followed by red deer with 28.51%, the rest of the taxa have much lower rates. The pig totals 10.96%, the small ruminants 8.04%, and the roe deer, 9.06%. The wild boar totals 10.38%, the aurochs 1.17% and the dog 1.9%. The share of game is high (50%), with emphasis on red deer exploitation. Its high frequency can be linked, either to an increased density in the area, suggesting somewhat more wooded surroundings, or to a specialization in its capture; the exploitation of antlers was a significant component in domestic activities. It is possible that F. 3219, with a diameter of 2.2 m, to be a garbage pit, with a consistent filling (231 bones). The sample of the 4th layer comes from two burned constructions, F. 3208 (H2b-11) and F. 3123b (Tab. 2). It includes 1,214 bones, of which 1,045 come from pillar pits, foundation ditches and floor of F. 3208. Only eight remains were taken from building F. 3123b and 161 from outer space of the constructions. Statistics of the 4th layer indicate a prevalence of domestic taxa (53.75%) with emphasise on cattle breeding (26%). It is a fairly small percentage, but common to the settlement. Sheep and goats rank the second with 15.16%. The pig is quoted with 10.94%. Wild mammals total a high percentage of 46.25%, of which 23.13% is attributed to red deer. As a number of specimens, the roe deer dominates the wildlife spectrum, with 16.39% and
本文对新石器时代晚期居地乌瓦尔-戈米利奥的动物遗骸进行了分析，并以海沟(S.)的材料为研究对象。西。该网站在1999年至2009年的活动期间进行了调查;根据放射性碳数据，新石器时代的定居点在公元前4950-4500年之间运作。大约有44000具动物遗骸被发现并分析，它们被划分为新石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代、中世纪和现代时期。在新石器时代的样本中，有2268块骨头来自一些房屋的结构(地板、坑、地基沟渠)，3928块来自文化层。在明确分配的2268块骨头中，1054块来自第2层和第3层(根据考古数据一起计算)，1214块来自第4层(表1,2)。第2层的样本来自柱子坑，两栋烧毁建筑物的基础沟渠，标有F. 3172/3173, F. 3123a和土砖块(F. 3150)。第三层的样品来自于一个陶瓷和骨头的团聚体(F. 3261)、两个垃圾坑(F. 3214、F. 3219)和地基沟渠(F. 3321、F. 3328)。2+3层提供了1,054块哺乳动物骨骼，其中342块属于家养物种(50%)，同样多的是野生动物。另外370块碎片代表肋骨和长骨碎片，没有特别指定。从百分比分布来看，牛以29.1%的比例居首位，马鹿以28.51%的比例次之，其余类群的比例均较低。猪占10.96%，小反刍动物占8.04%，狍占9.06%。野猪占10.38%，野牛占1.17%，狗占1.9%。狩猎的份额很高(50%)，重点是马鹿的开发。它的高频率可能与该地区的密度增加有关，这表明周围的树木更多，或者与捕获它的专业化有关;鹿角的开发是家庭活动的重要组成部分。直径2.2米的F. 3219可能是一个垃圾坑，有一致的填充物(231块骨头)。第4层的样本来自F. 3208 (H2b-11)和F. 3123b(表2)两座被烧毁的建筑。它包括1214块骨头，其中1045块来自F. 3208的柱坑、基沟和地板。在F. 3123b建筑中只发现了8具遗骸，在建筑的外层空间中发现了161具遗骸。第4层以家畜为主(53.75%)，以饲养牛为主(26%)。这是一个相当小的百分比，但在解决方案中很常见。绵羊和山羊排在第二位，占15.16%。猪的报价为10.94%。野生哺乳动物占46.25%，其中马鹿占23.13%。从数量上看，狍在野生动物光谱中占主导地位，分别占16.39%和8.91%。在这一地区，野牛的骨头很少，9具遗骸(1.41%)来自一头成年野牛。此外，还提到了野兔、獾、狐狸的剩菜。在家畜中，猪占18.23%，牛占15.27%，小反刍动物占12.31%。在被猎杀物种中，马鹿以18.72%的比例居首位，其次是狍(15.76%)和野猪(8.87%)。野牛的贡献很小，为1.37%。其余类群为野猫、獾、貂、狐、狗、猞猁，总数不足1%。因此，值得注意的是，这里有各种各样的野生动物，说明了不同的生物群落:潮湿的环境中有野猪、海狸、猪;林区(林点)有马鹿、野猫、猞猁、貂、獾、狐狸、狼;有狍、野牛、野兔的开阔地带。具体来说，与vin<e:1> a C1水平相比，vin<e:1> a C2水平明显降低了牛和小型反刍动物的发病率。同样，马鹿也有很好的代表，这对狍和野牛是不利的。狩猎是多样化的，所占比例很高，约为50%。狩猎活动的加强，主要集中在马鹿上，在vin<e:1> a C2居住地的末期表现出来，这表明气候变冷，伴随着森林面积的扩大。野猪的比例保持不变，在新石器时代居住的地区约为10%;可能在其功能期间，潮湿的环境及其沿着水道的特定植被是该遗址周围环境的一个特征。 对野生动物的大规模开发利用是新石器时代晚期多层次遗址的一个特征，反映了一个复杂的社会组织。从Uivar得到的动物群结果似乎与Tisza遗址的结果有很好的相关性，特别是在大比例的猎物、猪的适度份额和某种程度上的小型反刍动物方面。牛在当地社区经济中所占的份额似乎要小得多。显然，由于当地和区域的特殊性、接近动物样本的方式、地块的大小等因素，也存在着差异。
{"title":"Oase de animale din aşezarea neolitică târzie de la Uivar, județul Timiş. Eșantionul din S. XI / Animal bones from the late Neolithic settlement of Uivar, Timiș County. The sample from S. XI","authors":"Georgeta El Susi","doi":"10.55201/vaeh4109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/vaeh4109","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the analysis of faunal remains from the late Neolithic habitation from Uivar-Gomilă, targeting the material from the trench (S.) XI. The site was investigated between the 1999-2009’s campaigns; based on radiocarbon data the Neolithic settlement functioned between 4950-4500 BC. About 44,000 animal remains were recovered and analyzed, they were assigned to Neo-Eneolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Middle Ages and modern periods. The sample recovered from trench XI amounts to 7,957 bones, of which, 6,196 belong to the late Neolithic habitation (Vinča C), 371 to the Tiszapolgár level, 920 to the medieval period and 470 to the mixture layer. Of the Neolithic sample, 2,268 bones originate in the structures of some houses (floors, pits, foundation ditches) and 3,928 in the culture layer. Of the 2,268 clearly assigned bones, 1054 come from the 2nd and 3th layers (taken together according to archaeological data) and 1,214 from the 4th layer (Tab. 1, 2). The sample from 2nd layer comes from pillar pits, foundation ditches of two burned buildings, marked with F. 3172/3173, F. 3123a and from an adobe agglomeration (F. 3150). The sample from the 3rd layer was collected from an agglomeration of ceramics and bones (F. 3261), two garbage pits (F. 3214, F. 3219), and foundation ditches (F. 3321, F. 3328). The layers 2+3 provided 1,054 mammal bones, of which 342 belong to domestic species (50%) and as many to wildlife. Another 370 fragments represent ribs and flakes of long bones, not specifically assigned. According to the percentage distribution, cattle predominate with 29.1%, followed by red deer with 28.51%, the rest of the taxa have much lower rates. The pig totals 10.96%, the small ruminants 8.04%, and the roe deer, 9.06%. The wild boar totals 10.38%, the aurochs 1.17% and the dog 1.9%. The share of game is high (50%), with emphasis on red deer exploitation. Its high frequency can be linked, either to an increased density in the area, suggesting somewhat more wooded surroundings, or to a specialization in its capture; the exploitation of antlers was a significant component in domestic activities. It is possible that F. 3219, with a diameter of 2.2 m, to be a garbage pit, with a consistent filling (231 bones). The sample of the 4th layer comes from two burned constructions, F. 3208 (H2b-11) and F. 3123b (Tab. 2). It includes 1,214 bones, of which 1,045 come from pillar pits, foundation ditches and floor of F. 3208. Only eight remains were taken from building F. 3123b and 161 from outer space of the constructions. Statistics of the 4th layer indicate a prevalence of domestic taxa (53.75%) with emphasise on cattle breeding (26%). It is a fairly small percentage, but common to the settlement. Sheep and goats rank the second with 15.16%. The pig is quoted with 10.94%. Wild mammals total a high percentage of 46.25%, of which 23.13% is attributed to red deer. As a number of specimens, the roe deer dominates the wildlife spectrum, with 16.39% and ","PeriodicalId":273490,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XVIII 2020","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123527246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The history of Freemasonry in Banat still hides many unknown things. The historical course of many lodges in this region is not yet fully known. If we know enough data about some lodges such as the one in Reșiţa, those in Timișoara and others, we have too little data about some lodges, such as the one in Caransebeș or Lipova. Moreover, the museum artifacts that come from lesser-known lodges allow us to reconstruct their history and even the history of certain characters. In this sense, the museum institutions from Great Britain are very helpful; they keep in their collections medals of some lodges from Banat or even original documents, lists of lodges from Banat, etc. These artifacts and documents have not been studied so far and represent a novelty in reconstructing the history of Banat Freemasonry. Examples are the medals of the Irenea lodge in Caransebeș and Concordia in Lipova. The history of these lodges is known only in fragments, and the study of these medals allows us to complete the data on these little known lodges. Another piece unknown to the Romanian academic public is a medal of the „Three white lilies” lodge from Timișoara. The Museum of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Worcestershire and the Museum of Freemasonry in London are very helpful in this regard by offering the opportunity to study the pieces kept in their collections. In our study, we also present the work of a Serbian Freemason from Paris, D. Tomitch, on the rights and interests of Serbs in Banat Timisoara on certain territories within Romania.The English Masonic press is another resource that has not been fully exploited so far. Usually, studies on the history of Romanian Freemasonry cite foreign literature, but very little or almost no Masonic foreign press, especially the old press. However, in the British Masonic press, we find valuable references to Freemasonry in Romania and including Banat, from different historical periods. In the case of Banat Freemasonry, the references in the British press date from the second half of the 19th century. We find references regarding the lodges in Arad, Timișoara, Oraviţa, Lipova, and Caransebeș. All this information, compared to what we know so far, gives us the chance to detect the mistakes made in previous chronological dating but also to complete what we lacked in terms of information.
{"title":"Contribuții la istoria francmasoneriei din Banat și Arad. Artefacte și dovezi din muzeele și presa masonică britanică / Contributions to the History of Freemasonry in Banat and Arad. Artifacts and documents from museums and press of British Freemansonry","authors":"Alexandru Rufanda","doi":"10.55201/ohgb8924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/ohgb8924","url":null,"abstract":"The history of Freemasonry in Banat still hides many unknown things. The historical course of many lodges in this region is not yet fully known. If we know enough data about some lodges such as the one in Reșiţa, those in Timișoara and others, we have too little data about some lodges, such as the one in Caransebeș or Lipova. Moreover, the museum artifacts that come from lesser-known lodges allow us to reconstruct their history and even the history of certain characters. In this sense, the museum institutions from Great Britain are very helpful; they keep in their collections medals of some lodges from Banat or even original documents, lists of lodges from Banat, etc. These artifacts and documents have not been studied so far and represent a novelty in reconstructing the history of Banat Freemasonry. Examples are the medals of the Irenea lodge in Caransebeș and Concordia in Lipova. The history of these lodges is known only in fragments, and the study of these medals allows us to complete the data on these little known lodges. Another piece unknown to the Romanian academic public is a medal of the „Three white lilies” lodge from Timișoara. The Museum of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Worcestershire and the Museum of Freemasonry in London are very helpful in this regard by offering the opportunity to study the pieces kept in their collections. In our study, we also present the work of a Serbian Freemason from Paris, D. Tomitch, on the rights and interests of Serbs in Banat Timisoara on certain territories within Romania.The English Masonic press is another resource that has not been fully exploited so far. Usually, studies on the history of Romanian Freemasonry cite foreign literature, but very little or almost no Masonic foreign press, especially the old press. However, in the British Masonic press, we find valuable references to Freemasonry in Romania and including Banat, from different historical periods. In the case of Banat Freemasonry, the references in the British press date from the second half of the 19th century. We find references regarding the lodges in Arad, Timișoara, Oraviţa, Lipova, and Caransebeș. All this information, compared to what we know so far, gives us the chance to detect the mistakes made in previous chronological dating but also to complete what we lacked in terms of information.","PeriodicalId":273490,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XVIII 2020","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133475873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to present a hoard, which is most likely a fragment of a more extensive treasure and which was recovered by the Romanian judicial authorities in 2014. The finding place of the hoard remains unknown, most of the recovered information indicating that it was found in Banat, somewhere in the area of Timiș and Caraș-Severin Counties. The first part of this paper is dedicated to the presentation of the hoard which consists of 17 billon coins struck by John II Komnenos and 15 billon coins struck by Manuel I Komnenos, the latest coin of the hoard being dated between the years 1160 and 1164. In the second part of the paper an analysis of the similar findings from the Banat area is proposed, alongside with the sketching of a historical context for the hiding of this batch of coins and an analysis of the impact had by the byzantine coin in the local monetary circulation.
{"title":"A Hoard of 12th Century Byzantine Coins","authors":"Cristiana Tătaru","doi":"10.55201/uhkh5909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/uhkh5909","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to present a hoard, which is most likely a fragment of a more extensive treasure and which was recovered by the Romanian judicial authorities in 2014. The finding place of the hoard remains unknown, most of the recovered information indicating that it was found in Banat, somewhere in the area of Timiș and Caraș-Severin Counties. The first part of this paper is dedicated to the presentation of the hoard which consists of 17 billon coins struck by John II Komnenos and 15 billon coins struck by Manuel I Komnenos, the latest coin of the hoard being dated between the years 1160 and 1164. In the second part of the paper an analysis of the similar findings from the Banat area is proposed, alongside with the sketching of a historical context for the hiding of this batch of coins and an analysis of the impact had by the byzantine coin in the local monetary circulation.","PeriodicalId":273490,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XVIII 2020","volume":"02 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127194746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper brings to the attention of researchers a bronze handle, most likely from a larger vessel, a piece that was part of the famous Pongrácz collection, housed by the National Museum of Banat in Timișoara,now unfortunately lost, kept only in the form of a drawing. We cannot say with certainty the piece comes from the ancient Dierna, but we cannot exclude this possibility either. We will try in our approach to establish the functionality of the piece and, through analogies, to try a typological and chronological classification of it. Due to the quality of the execution, the attention to detail and the mastery of the decor, we do not exclude the hypothesis that we are in front of an imported piece, both a testimony of trade relations and the level of civilization reached in antiquity by the settlements in the Danube area.
{"title":"A Bronze Handle from the Pongrácz Collection","authors":"Atalia Onițiu","doi":"10.55201/wnfn9774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/wnfn9774","url":null,"abstract":"This paper brings to the attention of researchers a bronze handle, most likely from a larger vessel, a piece that was part of the famous Pongrácz collection, housed by the National Museum of Banat in Timișoara,now unfortunately lost, kept only in the form of a drawing. We cannot say with certainty the piece comes from the ancient Dierna, but we cannot exclude this possibility either. We will try in our approach to establish the functionality of the piece and, through analogies, to try a typological and chronological classification of it. Due to the quality of the execution, the attention to detail and the mastery of the decor, we do not exclude the hypothesis that we are in front of an imported piece, both a testimony of trade relations and the level of civilization reached in antiquity by the settlements in the Danube area.","PeriodicalId":273490,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XVIII 2020","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125442947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the archival holdings of Archive of Vojvodina (F. 23 Landesverwaltung der Wojwodschaft Serbien und des Temesvarer Banat 1849–1861), as well as on the writing of contemporary press (Wiener Zeitung, Temesvarer Zeitung, Gross-Becskereker Wochenblatt, Werschetzer Gebirgsbote, Lugoser Anzeiger), the paper discusses ways and means in which the region of Banat was influenced by the Second Italian War of Independence of 1859. Following important issues have been addressed: gradual preparation of domicile population for the war by the government run press; mobilization and usage of financial, material and human resources of Banat; war participation of Banat based regiments, as well as formation of voluntary battalions; war losses and decorations; and last but not the least – an utmost interesting question of the attitude of Banatians towards the war. For little less than a decade they have been subjected to rather unpopular and much hated neo-absolutistic policy of the Bach’s regime, that in war times demanded an unconditional allegiance and self-sacrifice. On the other hand, regardless of their nationality, they looked with sympathies at the enemy’s freedom and independence struggle. In practice, such attitude led to an enormous, although publicly hardly visible dissatisfaction with the war, in quite opposition to the patriotic image imposed and carefully nurtured by the press. Beside to formation of Italy in 1861, the unfavorable outcome of the war for Austria subsequently led to inner instability and dissolution of the Crown Province Voivodeship Serbia and Banat of Temesvar in same year. Ethnically mixed population almost unanimously greeted such turn of events.
本文以伏伊伏丁那档案馆(F. 23 Landesverwaltung der Wojwodschaft Serbien und des Temesvarer Banat 1849-1861)的档案为基础，以及当代报刊(Wiener Zeitung, Temesvarer Zeitung, Gross-Becskereker Wochenblatt, Werschetzer gebirgshote, Lugoser Anzeiger)的写作为基础，探讨了1859年第二次意大利独立战争对巴纳特地区的影响方式和途径。解决了以下重要问题:政府开办的报刊逐步为战争准备户籍人口;动员和使用巴纳特的财政、物质和人力资源;以巴纳特为基地的团参加战争，以及组建志愿营;战争损失和勋章;最后但并非最不重要的是巴纳提亚人对战争的态度，这是一个非常有趣的问题。在不到十年的时间里，他们一直受制于巴赫政权的新专制主义政策，这种政策在战争时期要求无条件的忠诚和自我牺牲。另一方面，他们不分国籍，都对敌人的自由独立斗争表示同情。实际上，这种态度导致了对战争的巨大不满，尽管在公开场合几乎看不到，这与新闻界强加和精心培育的爱国形象完全相反。除了1861年意大利的形成外，战争对奥地利不利的结果随后导致了内部的不稳定，同年塞尔维亚省和特涅瓦省的解散。种族混合的人口几乎一致欢迎这样的转变。
{"title":"Das Banat und das Risorgimento: der Sardinische Krieg 1859 und seine Auswirkungen im Banat / Banat and Risorgimento: Second Italian War of Independence and its Influence in Banat","authors":"Filip Krčmar","doi":"10.55201/lgcy2798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/lgcy2798","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the archival holdings of Archive of Vojvodina (F. 23 Landesverwaltung der Wojwodschaft Serbien und des Temesvarer Banat 1849–1861), as well as on the writing of contemporary press (Wiener Zeitung, Temesvarer Zeitung, Gross-Becskereker Wochenblatt, Werschetzer Gebirgsbote, Lugoser Anzeiger), the paper discusses ways and means in which the region of Banat was influenced by the Second Italian War of Independence of 1859. Following important issues have been addressed: gradual preparation of domicile population for the war by the government run press; mobilization and usage of financial, material and human resources of Banat; war participation of Banat based regiments, as well as formation of voluntary battalions; war losses and decorations; and last but not the least – an utmost interesting question of the attitude of Banatians towards the war. For little less than a decade they have been subjected to rather unpopular and much hated neo-absolutistic policy of the Bach’s regime, that in war times demanded an unconditional allegiance and self-sacrifice. On the other hand, regardless of their nationality, they looked with sympathies at the enemy’s freedom and independence struggle. In practice, such attitude led to an enormous, although publicly hardly visible dissatisfaction with the war, in quite opposition to the patriotic image imposed and carefully nurtured by the press. Beside to formation of Italy in 1861, the unfavorable outcome of the war for Austria subsequently led to inner instability and dissolution of the Crown Province Voivodeship Serbia and Banat of Temesvar in same year. Ethnically mixed population almost unanimously greeted such turn of events.","PeriodicalId":273490,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XVIII 2020","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125144383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mindszenthy Antal (1786–1859?) was a Hungarian erudite who travelled across Europe and Hungary, leaving behind a diary about his trip across the Hungarian Plane. The first part of his descriptions was published in 1831 and 1832, but due to the censorship of the period, the second part of his manuscript, the description of his trip from Titel to Pest, was not allowed to be printed. The diary of Mindszenthy is kept in the Széchenyi National Library from Budapest, Hungary and was entirely published recently by the Katona József Museum from Kecskemét. Due to the fact that the travel route included regions of Banat that are to be found today within the borders of Romania, one of the stops being the center of the region, namely Timișoara, we thought it would be of great interest to publish the description of the city, both in Hungarian language and translated into Romanian. Timișoara has underwent several reconstructions through the centuries (and it witnessed three major sieges in 1551/1552, 1718 and 1849), consequently the major part of it’s architectural heritage dates from the end of the 19th century, but especialy from the beginning of the following century. Such narrations from eye whitnesses are very scarce in the first part of the 19th century, a period when illustrations are as well extremely rare. A local priest, Nicolae Stoica de Haţeg has written his chronicle about the region of Banat a few years after Mindszenthy, between 1825–1827. Apparently for both of them the work of Francesco Griselini stood as a modell. The original text has been adnoted with comments and interpretations of the authors in order to establish the veridicity of the descriptions of the diary and to provide further information regarding the subject of the account. Since the diary did not included any illustration, for a better understanding we completed it with several images representing either the city plan or buildings, mainly dating from the 19th century or earlier, trying to illustrate the descriptions as faithfully as possible.The text also offered the authors the opportunity to discuss about some historical relics it refers to: an ottoman inscription that was inaccurately translated until now, the Horros Kapi (Rooster or later Forforosa Gate) of the Ottoman fortification of Timișoara and a presumably medieval flag kept in the artillery warehouse.
Mindszenthy Antal(1786-1859 ?)是匈牙利的一位博学之士，他游历了欧洲和匈牙利，留下了一本关于他穿越匈牙利飞机旅行的日记。他的描述的第一部分于1831年和1832年出版，但由于当时的审查制度，他的手稿的第二部分，即他从提尔到佩斯旅行的描述，不允许印刷。Mindszenthy的日记保存在匈牙利布达佩斯的szacemchenyi国家图书馆，最近由卡托纳József kecskem低廉的博物馆完整出版。由于旅行路线包括今天在罗马尼亚境内发现的巴纳特地区，其中一站是该地区的中心，即Timișoara，我们认为出版匈牙利语和罗马尼亚语翻译的城市描述将是非常有趣的。Timișoara在几个世纪以来经历了几次重建(它见证了1551/1552年，1718年和1849年的三次主要围攻)，因此它的建筑遗产的主要部分可以追溯到19世纪末，尤其是从下一个世纪开始。这种来自目击者的叙述在19世纪上半叶非常罕见，当时的插图也极为罕见。一位当地的牧师，Nicolae Stoica de Haţeg在1825-1827年间，写了一本关于巴纳特地区的编年史。显然，对他们两人来说，弗朗西斯科·格里塞利尼的作品都是一个典范。原稿已附有作者的评论和解释，以确定日记描述的真实性，并提供关于叙述主题的进一步资料。由于日记没有包括任何插图，为了更好地理解，我们用几张代表城市规划或建筑物的图片来完成它，主要是19世纪或更早的，试图尽可能忠实地说明描述。该文本还为作者提供了讨论它所涉及的一些历史遗迹的机会:直到现在翻译不准确的奥斯曼铭文，Timișoara的奥斯曼防御工事的Horros Kapi(公鸡或后来的Forforosa门)和大炮仓库中保存的可能是中世纪的旗帜。
{"title":"O privire critică asupra unei descrieri inedite a Timișoarei la 1821 în jurnalul de călătorie a lui Mindszenthy Antal / A critical approach regarding an unknown description of Timișoara from 1821 within the travel diary of Mindszenthy Antal","authors":"Zsuzsanna Kopeczny, István Pánya","doi":"10.55201/yyzi1067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/yyzi1067","url":null,"abstract":"Mindszenthy Antal (1786–1859?) was a Hungarian erudite who travelled across Europe and Hungary, leaving behind a diary about his trip across the Hungarian Plane. The first part of his descriptions was published in 1831 and 1832, but due to the censorship of the period, the second part of his manuscript, the description of his trip from Titel to Pest, was not allowed to be printed. The diary of Mindszenthy is kept in the Széchenyi National Library from Budapest, Hungary and was entirely published recently by the Katona József Museum from Kecskemét. Due to the fact that the travel route included regions of Banat that are to be found today within the borders of Romania, one of the stops being the center of the region, namely Timișoara, we thought it would be of great interest to publish the description of the city, both in Hungarian language and translated into Romanian. Timișoara has underwent several reconstructions through the centuries (and it witnessed three major sieges in 1551/1552, 1718 and 1849), consequently the major part of it’s architectural heritage dates from the end of the 19th century, but especialy from the beginning of the following century. Such narrations from eye whitnesses are very scarce in the first part of the 19th century, a period when illustrations are as well extremely rare. A local priest, Nicolae Stoica de Haţeg has written his chronicle about the region of Banat a few years after Mindszenthy, between 1825–1827. Apparently for both of them the work of Francesco Griselini stood as a modell. The original text has been adnoted with comments and interpretations of the authors in order to establish the veridicity of the descriptions of the diary and to provide further information regarding the subject of the account. Since the diary did not included any illustration, for a better understanding we completed it with several images representing either the city plan or buildings, mainly dating from the 19th century or earlier, trying to illustrate the descriptions as faithfully as possible.The text also offered the authors the opportunity to discuss about some historical relics it refers to: an ottoman inscription that was inaccurately translated until now, the Horros Kapi (Rooster or later Forforosa Gate) of the Ottoman fortification of Timișoara and a presumably medieval flag kept in the artillery warehouse.","PeriodicalId":273490,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XVIII 2020","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115153158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents the 5th century shield bosses types known from the material of burials in the Carpathian Basin and their development. A wide range of objects spread throughout the area during the late Roman Imperial and the early migration periods (Type of Dobrodzień/Zieling T-Varianten, Csongrad/Zieling L, Misery/Zieling H1, Vermand, Horgos/Libenau; Kiszombor). It is typical that the graves in which shields were placed are known mainly from the eastern part of the Carpathian Basin (we do not know any such burials from Transdanubia). Among the conical shield bosses, specimens ending in a spike also appear during the middle third of the 5th century, evoking earlier forms (ancient Germanic traditions). Unfortunately, previous research has often classified certain types into one type based only on similar characteristics (form of the cone). In the present writing, in order to avoid this, I tried to separate the pieces previously classified only for the Horgos/Libenau type. In the case of the latest pieces (second half and end of the 5th century), the spike should be hammered (Grave Kiszombor-B 308). In the latest pieces, which appear in the earliest graves of the row-grave cemeteries, the spike was hammered. At the end of the 5th century, pieces of Merovingian culture known in the west appear, which spread very rapidly in the area and in the local material of row-grave cemeteries.
{"title":"Schildbuckel und Ihre Entwicklung im Karpatenbecken des 5. Jahrhunderts / Shield bosses and their development in the Carpathian Basin of the 5th century","authors":"A. Kiss","doi":"10.55201/phdo9573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/phdo9573","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the 5th century shield bosses types known from the material of burials in the Carpathian Basin and their development. A wide range of objects spread throughout the area during the late Roman Imperial and the early migration periods (Type of Dobrodzień/Zieling T-Varianten, Csongrad/Zieling L, Misery/Zieling H1, Vermand, Horgos/Libenau; Kiszombor). It is typical that the graves in which shields were placed are known mainly from the eastern part of the Carpathian Basin (we do not know any such burials from Transdanubia). Among the conical shield bosses, specimens ending in a spike also appear during the middle third of the 5th century, evoking earlier forms (ancient Germanic traditions). Unfortunately, previous research has often classified certain types into one type based only on similar characteristics (form of the cone). In the present writing, in order to avoid this, I tried to separate the pieces previously classified only for the Horgos/Libenau type. In the case of the latest pieces (second half and end of the 5th century), the spike should be hammered (Grave Kiszombor-B 308). In the latest pieces, which appear in the earliest graves of the row-grave cemeteries, the spike was hammered. At the end of the 5th century, pieces of Merovingian culture known in the west appear, which spread very rapidly in the area and in the local material of row-grave cemeteries.","PeriodicalId":273490,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XVIII 2020","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132349523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：