Pub Date : 2011-05-25DOI: 10.2174/2210686311303010007
H. Kim, J. Kim, S. Kim, H. Yuh, Dae-Hoon Kim, D. Ahn
The development of a system that evaluates the performances of an LED (light-emitting diode) wafer using a non-destructive test method after crystal growth and before chip processing is presented. The system measures electroluminescent characteristics of two sides of an epi-wafer. When a probe makes contact with an epi-wafer, a source meter drives an electric current, then emits LED light. Optical characteristics were measured by two spectrometers and two pico-am meters. The measured data were peak wavelength, FWHM (full width at half maximum), forward current, forward voltage and reverse current. The measuring devices are installed on the front and rear of the wafer. The probe and measuring devices were transferred by a 3-axis stage for the EL contact. Mapping images of the epi-wafer were obtained using these characteristics. The correlation between wafer state and chip state, and repeatability for an epi-wafer, were considered in the test.
{"title":"A dual side electroluminescence measurement system for LED wafer manufacturing","authors":"H. Kim, J. Kim, S. Kim, H. Yuh, Dae-Hoon Kim, D. Ahn","doi":"10.2174/2210686311303010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210686311303010007","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a system that evaluates the performances of an LED (light-emitting diode) wafer using a non-destructive test method after crystal growth and before chip processing is presented. The system measures electroluminescent characteristics of two sides of an epi-wafer. When a probe makes contact with an epi-wafer, a source meter drives an electric current, then emits LED light. Optical characteristics were measured by two spectrometers and two pico-am meters. The measured data were peak wavelength, FWHM (full width at half maximum), forward current, forward voltage and reverse current. The measuring devices are installed on the front and rear of the wafer. The probe and measuring devices were transferred by a 3-axis stage for the EL contact. Mapping images of the epi-wafer were obtained using these characteristics. The correlation between wafer state and chip state, and repeatability for an epi-wafer, were considered in the test.","PeriodicalId":273573,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM)","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114895635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-25DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942338
E. Jarvenpaa, P. Luostarinen, Minna Lanz, R. Tuokko
Today's turbulent production environment calls for adaptive and rapidly responding production systems that can adjust to required changes both in production capacity and processing functions. This kind of adaptivity can not be reached without intelligent methods and tools supporting the adaptation planning and deployment of the systems. This paper introduces novel method to present and manage capabilities of production resources and combined capabilities of multiple co-operating resources. This modeling approach enables matching of products and resources based on their required and provided capabilities and this way supports rapid allocation of resources.
{"title":"Presenting capabilities of resources and resource combinations to support production system adaptation","authors":"E. Jarvenpaa, P. Luostarinen, Minna Lanz, R. Tuokko","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942338","url":null,"abstract":"Today's turbulent production environment calls for adaptive and rapidly responding production systems that can adjust to required changes both in production capacity and processing functions. This kind of adaptivity can not be reached without intelligent methods and tools supporting the adaptation planning and deployment of the systems. This paper introduces novel method to present and manage capabilities of production resources and combined capabilities of multiple co-operating resources. This modeling approach enables matching of products and resources based on their required and provided capabilities and this way supports rapid allocation of resources.","PeriodicalId":273573,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124023592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-25DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942348
J. Olt, M. Madissoo, V. Maksarov
The treatment of complex products from hard materials is accompanied by loss of stability of the cutting process, which leads to oscillations which cause an increase in the wear rate of cutting tools, reducing the longevity of the machine actuators, which ultimately affects the quality and accuracy of processing responsible products. The development of a framework for reducing the intensity oscillations in the process of machining systems, software and algorithmic software for computer solution, allows solving the problem of automation and process control by edge cutting machining on machine tools, such as CNC.
{"title":"Dynamic stabilization of technological systems for processing edge cutting through local metastability","authors":"J. Olt, M. Madissoo, V. Maksarov","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942348","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment of complex products from hard materials is accompanied by loss of stability of the cutting process, which leads to oscillations which cause an increase in the wear rate of cutting tools, reducing the longevity of the machine actuators, which ultimately affects the quality and accuracy of processing responsible products. The development of a framework for reducing the intensity oscillations in the process of machining systems, software and algorithmic software for computer solution, allows solving the problem of automation and process control by edge cutting machining on machine tools, such as CNC.","PeriodicalId":273573,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126624866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-25DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942296
F. García, Minna Lanz, E. Jarvenpaa, R. Tuokko
Managing and controlling very complex manufacturing systems and vast volumes of accumulate knowledge, holonic manufacturing system is developed. This paper introduces a method, which utilizes feature-based modeling for defining a pre-process plan. The pre-process plan developed can be linked in a holonic system. This paper, the generic steps for making a product are called “pre-process plan”. The pre-process plan defines the required capabilities on a high level. All the resources have some sort of capability that represents the possible candidates for the product manufacturing. The feature recognition method offers geometric and non-geometric (such as shape, type, tolerance and material) information. Using feature information a pre-process plan can be defined. The fact that the pre-process plan does not strictly define the used processing methods allows the product to be manufactured on different machines based on their availability or other criteria. This is important in dynamic, adaptive production environment.
{"title":"Process planning based on feature recognition method","authors":"F. García, Minna Lanz, E. Jarvenpaa, R. Tuokko","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942296","url":null,"abstract":"Managing and controlling very complex manufacturing systems and vast volumes of accumulate knowledge, holonic manufacturing system is developed. This paper introduces a method, which utilizes feature-based modeling for defining a pre-process plan. The pre-process plan developed can be linked in a holonic system. This paper, the generic steps for making a product are called “pre-process plan”. The pre-process plan defines the required capabilities on a high level. All the resources have some sort of capability that represents the possible candidates for the product manufacturing. The feature recognition method offers geometric and non-geometric (such as shape, type, tolerance and material) information. Using feature information a pre-process plan can be defined. The fact that the pre-process plan does not strictly define the used processing methods allows the product to be manufactured on different machines based on their availability or other criteria. This is important in dynamic, adaptive production environment.","PeriodicalId":273573,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124157068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-25DOI: 10.5923/J.JMEA.20120206.01
I. Vilcek, J. Kováč, J. Janeková
Requirements for flexible manufacturing have been increasing in the last years. In order to insure effective operation of expansive manufacturing equipment, which has to run automatically and unattended, tool monitoring is important. Therefore, the essential problem to be overcome to achieve the full potential of unmanned machining is the development of effective and reliable sensors system to monitor the process and corrective actions in case abnormal operation. The ultimate goal of the development of such production equipment is to enhance the overall economic of the manufacturing process. Even when there are at present many monitoring systems commercially available in the market for turning processes, serious difficulties still remain to be solved to apply monitoring systems successfully in machining centers. Being these difficulties mainly related with the limited accessibility to the rotating tool for sensing purposes in tool driven machining processes. Therefore, the primary objective of this paper assess the feasibility of using force signal analysis as means for monitoring tool condition in drilling.
{"title":"Failure prediction by means of cepstral analysis and coherence function between thrust force and torque signals","authors":"I. Vilcek, J. Kováč, J. Janeková","doi":"10.5923/J.JMEA.20120206.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.JMEA.20120206.01","url":null,"abstract":"Requirements for flexible manufacturing have been increasing in the last years. In order to insure effective operation of expansive manufacturing equipment, which has to run automatically and unattended, tool monitoring is important. Therefore, the essential problem to be overcome to achieve the full potential of unmanned machining is the development of effective and reliable sensors system to monitor the process and corrective actions in case abnormal operation. The ultimate goal of the development of such production equipment is to enhance the overall economic of the manufacturing process. Even when there are at present many monitoring systems commercially available in the market for turning processes, serious difficulties still remain to be solved to apply monitoring systems successfully in machining centers. Being these difficulties mainly related with the limited accessibility to the rotating tool for sensing purposes in tool driven machining processes. Therefore, the primary objective of this paper assess the feasibility of using force signal analysis as means for monitoring tool condition in drilling.","PeriodicalId":273573,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132096132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-25DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942327
J. Claverley, D. Sheu, Arne Burisch, R. Leach, A. Raatz
In this paper the assembly of a novel micro-scale coordinate measuring machine (CMM) probe is considered. A working micro-scale CMM probe is assembled from a MEMS device and a stylus produced by micro-electro-discharge machining. The production technique of the micro-scale parts is discussed and two methods for assembly are presented.
{"title":"Assembly of a novel MEMS-based 3D vibrating micro-scale co-ordinate measuring machine probe using desktop factory automation","authors":"J. Claverley, D. Sheu, Arne Burisch, R. Leach, A. Raatz","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942327","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the assembly of a novel micro-scale coordinate measuring machine (CMM) probe is considered. A working micro-scale CMM probe is assembled from a MEMS device and a stylus produced by micro-electro-discharge machining. The production technique of the micro-scale parts is discussed and two methods for assembly are presented.","PeriodicalId":273573,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM)","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131405403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-25DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942339
D. Jasper, C. Diederichs, C. Stolle, S. Fatikow
Separation and palletizing of microparts is a prerequisite for microhandling and microassembly, especially for components such as microspheres that cannot be efficiently produced and transported in a well-ordered form. Two mi-crorobots equipped with a microgripper and a sharp tungsten tip, respectively, can be effectively utilized to solve this task cooperatively. Based on a powerful visual feedback architecture, the automated palletizing of two different microspheres initially lying in an unordered agglomerated structure is demonstrated. The achieved sorting throughput is in the range of one sphere per second while maintaining a placement accuracy of 3µm.
{"title":"Automated robot-based separation and palletizing of microcomponents","authors":"D. Jasper, C. Diederichs, C. Stolle, S. Fatikow","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942339","url":null,"abstract":"Separation and palletizing of microparts is a prerequisite for microhandling and microassembly, especially for components such as microspheres that cannot be efficiently produced and transported in a well-ordered form. Two mi-crorobots equipped with a microgripper and a sharp tungsten tip, respectively, can be effectively utilized to solve this task cooperatively. Based on a powerful visual feedback architecture, the automated palletizing of two different microspheres initially lying in an unordered agglomerated structure is demonstrated. The achieved sorting throughput is in the range of one sphere per second while maintaining a placement accuracy of 3µm.","PeriodicalId":273573,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM)","volume":"37 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129970541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-25DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942329
Y. Maeda, Takumi Watanabe, Yukihiro Moriyama
In this paper, we study a method of robot programming with view-based image processing. It can achieve more robustness against changes of task conditions than conventional teaching/playback without losing its general versatility. In order to reduce human demonstrations required for the view-based robot programming, we integrate reinforcement learning with the method. First we construct an initial neural network as a mapping from images to appropriate robot motions using human demonstration data. Next we train the neural network with actor-critic reinforcement learning so that it can work well even in task conditions that are not identical to those in the demonstrations. Our proposed method is successfully applied to pushing and pick-and-place tasks in a virtual environment.
{"title":"View-based programming with reinforcement learning for robotic manipulation","authors":"Y. Maeda, Takumi Watanabe, Yukihiro Moriyama","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942329","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study a method of robot programming with view-based image processing. It can achieve more robustness against changes of task conditions than conventional teaching/playback without losing its general versatility. In order to reduce human demonstrations required for the view-based robot programming, we integrate reinforcement learning with the method. First we construct an initial neural network as a mapping from images to appropriate robot motions using human demonstration data. Next we train the neural network with actor-critic reinforcement learning so that it can work well even in task conditions that are not identical to those in the demonstrations. Our proposed method is successfully applied to pushing and pick-and-place tasks in a virtual environment.","PeriodicalId":273573,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114299532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-25DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942364
C. Machai, D. Biermann
In several fields of application it is important to apply components with a balanced combination of high strength, low density and a high chemical resistance. The aerospace sector uses titanium-based materials to manufacture lightweight parts of increased safety such as structural components, turbine disks and blades or landing gears. The latter are often made of β-titanium alloys offering the highest strength-to-weight ratio. New applications of this emerging group of alloys can be developed if a hollow shaft of high strength is available, for example in the drive train of automobiles. The presented process sequence for manufacturing a hollow β-titanium shaft consists of an incremental forming process followed by a longitudinal turning operation. The machinability of the β-titanium alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al is investigated at the undeformed raw material featuring two different conditions of heat treatment, and is compared with the machinability of the formed hollow shaft. Beside the cutting speed, the heat treatment of the material determines the development of tool wear and the occurring process forces.
{"title":"Machining of a hollow shaft made of β-titanium Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al","authors":"C. Machai, D. Biermann","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942364","url":null,"abstract":"In several fields of application it is important to apply components with a balanced combination of high strength, low density and a high chemical resistance. The aerospace sector uses titanium-based materials to manufacture lightweight parts of increased safety such as structural components, turbine disks and blades or landing gears. The latter are often made of β-titanium alloys offering the highest strength-to-weight ratio. New applications of this emerging group of alloys can be developed if a hollow shaft of high strength is available, for example in the drive train of automobiles. The presented process sequence for manufacturing a hollow β-titanium shaft consists of an incremental forming process followed by a longitudinal turning operation. The machinability of the β-titanium alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al is investigated at the undeformed raw material featuring two different conditions of heat treatment, and is compared with the machinability of the formed hollow shaft. Beside the cutting speed, the heat treatment of the material determines the development of tool wear and the occurring process forces.","PeriodicalId":273573,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124862875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-25DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942319
Zhiwei Wang, Wanhua Zhao, Bingqiang Li, Jun Zhang, B. Lu
In most previous studies, hydrostatic guideways are considered as rigid without deformations. However, the deformations of slideway due to fluid film pressure affect the fluid film thickness and the pressure distribution. In this paper a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model of hydrostatic guideways with annular gap restrictor is established. The model is solved by the finite element method (FEM). The influence of the slideway deformations on the stiffness, the flow characteristic, the pressure ratio and the film thickness are investigated. The deformations of the upper slideway decrease the stiffness of the hydrostatic guideways and increase the required flow rate. The stiffness, the volume flow rate and the deformations are linearly changed with the supply pressure. The relationship between pressure ratio and throttling length is nonlinear. The large value of αcan attain high stiffness and decrease the volume flow rate. An appropriate increase in the thickness of the upper slideway can reduce the influences of the deformations.
{"title":"Fluid-structure interactions (FSI) on static characteristics of hydrostatic guideways","authors":"Zhiwei Wang, Wanhua Zhao, Bingqiang Li, Jun Zhang, B. Lu","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2011.5942319","url":null,"abstract":"In most previous studies, hydrostatic guideways are considered as rigid without deformations. However, the deformations of slideway due to fluid film pressure affect the fluid film thickness and the pressure distribution. In this paper a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model of hydrostatic guideways with annular gap restrictor is established. The model is solved by the finite element method (FEM). The influence of the slideway deformations on the stiffness, the flow characteristic, the pressure ratio and the film thickness are investigated. The deformations of the upper slideway decrease the stiffness of the hydrostatic guideways and increase the required flow rate. The stiffness, the volume flow rate and the deformations are linearly changed with the supply pressure. The relationship between pressure ratio and throttling length is nonlinear. The large value of αcan attain high stiffness and decrease the volume flow rate. An appropriate increase in the thickness of the upper slideway can reduce the influences of the deformations.","PeriodicalId":273573,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127874465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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