Pub Date : 2001-07-15DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2001.970012
P. Caramia, M. Morrone, P. Varilone, P. Verde
The paper analyzes the interaction between the EMU locomotives and the 15 kV-16 2/3 Hz AC supply system. To this aim the power converters on board of the EMU locomotive have been modeled and then included into the model of the whole traction system. In particular the power converters have been simulated by ATP implementing two models with different level of accuracy; the accuracy of the obtained results have been verified with tests performed on the Ansaldo EMU-NSB locomotive at the Ansaldo Vehicle Test Room. The most significant results regard the equivalent impedance at the pantograph of the locomotive and the amplification of the frequency components of the current along the line. Several parallel resonance conditions have been ascertained; they, in case of only one locomotive along the track, do not cause excessive level of voltage distortion. Critical conditions can arise for detected local amplifications of the current along the line. This result indicates that electromagnetic interference have to be evaluated not only at the locomotive pantograph but overall along the line track.
{"title":"Interaction between supply system and EMU loco in 15 kV-16/sup 2/3/ hz AC traction systems","authors":"P. Caramia, M. Morrone, P. Varilone, P. Verde","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2001.970012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2001.970012","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the interaction between the EMU locomotives and the 15 kV-16 2/3 Hz AC supply system. To this aim the power converters on board of the EMU locomotive have been modeled and then included into the model of the whole traction system. In particular the power converters have been simulated by ATP implementing two models with different level of accuracy; the accuracy of the obtained results have been verified with tests performed on the Ansaldo EMU-NSB locomotive at the Ansaldo Vehicle Test Room. The most significant results regard the equivalent impedance at the pantograph of the locomotive and the amplification of the frequency components of the current along the line. Several parallel resonance conditions have been ascertained; they, in case of only one locomotive along the track, do not cause excessive level of voltage distortion. Critical conditions can arise for detected local amplifications of the current along the line. This result indicates that electromagnetic interference have to be evaluated not only at the locomotive pantograph but overall along the line track.","PeriodicalId":273578,"journal":{"name":"2001 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37262)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129732924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-15DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2001.970155
P. Ribeiro, G. Carpinelli
The well-known and ever-present time-varying nature of harmonics in power systems requires a probabilistic treatment which needs to be incorporated in the new IEEE Std 519 revision. This time-varying behavior is due to continuous changes in system configurations, linear load levels and operating modes of nonlinear loads. Recent reviews of other standards have incorporated the time-varying nature on their harmonic limits. The IEC 1000-3-6, for example, uses probabilistic limits for both harmonic currents and voltages. The IEEE 519, however, only mentions the phenomenon. This paper looks at the problems associated with the time-varying nature of harmonics, suggests solutions and ways to deal with the situation based on recent studies and efforts of the IEEE Task Force on Probabilistic Aspects of Harmonics.
{"title":"IEEE Std 519 revision: the need for probabilistic limits of harmonics","authors":"P. Ribeiro, G. Carpinelli","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2001.970155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2001.970155","url":null,"abstract":"The well-known and ever-present time-varying nature of harmonics in power systems requires a probabilistic treatment which needs to be incorporated in the new IEEE Std 519 revision. This time-varying behavior is due to continuous changes in system configurations, linear load levels and operating modes of nonlinear loads. Recent reviews of other standards have incorporated the time-varying nature on their harmonic limits. The IEC 1000-3-6, for example, uses probabilistic limits for both harmonic currents and voltages. The IEEE 519, however, only mentions the phenomenon. This paper looks at the problems associated with the time-varying nature of harmonics, suggests solutions and ways to deal with the situation based on recent studies and efforts of the IEEE Task Force on Probabilistic Aspects of Harmonics.","PeriodicalId":273578,"journal":{"name":"2001 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37262)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127489996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-15DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2001.970354
R. Hasegawa
The dramatic increase in the use of power electronics and conditioning devices in addition to ubiquitous nonlinear electrical equipment such as motor drives has resulted in a considerable amount of higher harmonics of the line frequency. These high frequency harmonics lead to increased transformer core losses, especially in power distribution transformers that use conventional steel core materials. Amorphous metal core distribution transformers (AMDTs), by comparison, are uniquely suited to providing low loss performance under higher frequencies. This is due both to unique processing techniques that result in a greatly reduced standard thickness for amorphous metal and a unique chemistry and atomic structure that give a higher electrical resistivity and low energy magnetic flux reversal.
{"title":"Impact of amorphous metal based transformers on efficiency and quality of electric power distribution","authors":"R. Hasegawa","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2001.970354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2001.970354","url":null,"abstract":"The dramatic increase in the use of power electronics and conditioning devices in addition to ubiquitous nonlinear electrical equipment such as motor drives has resulted in a considerable amount of higher harmonics of the line frequency. These high frequency harmonics lead to increased transformer core losses, especially in power distribution transformers that use conventional steel core materials. Amorphous metal core distribution transformers (AMDTs), by comparison, are uniquely suited to providing low loss performance under higher frequencies. This is due both to unique processing techniques that result in a greatly reduced standard thickness for amorphous metal and a unique chemistry and atomic structure that give a higher electrical resistivity and low energy magnetic flux reversal.","PeriodicalId":273578,"journal":{"name":"2001 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37262)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130619152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-15DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2001.969974
K. Burges, D. Broad, E. J. van Zuylen, L. Folkerts
Offshore wind developments promise to be the most rapid and effective deployment of largescale renewable energy seen to date. The offshore wind farms will require large investments, averaging near 150 million Euro for a 100 MW farm. Consequently, the financing of the projects and the anticipated returns are under close scrutiny. Since power collection and grid connection costs typically amount to about 25% of the total investment for an offshore wind project, this is an important technical aspect that remains to be optimised in order to achieve the most cost-effective implementations.
{"title":"Cost-effective connection of offshore wind farms using output prediction and control","authors":"K. Burges, D. Broad, E. J. van Zuylen, L. Folkerts","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2001.969974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2001.969974","url":null,"abstract":"Offshore wind developments promise to be the most rapid and effective deployment of largescale renewable energy seen to date. The offshore wind farms will require large investments, averaging near 150 million Euro for a 100 MW farm. Consequently, the financing of the projects and the anticipated returns are under close scrutiny. Since power collection and grid connection costs typically amount to about 25% of the total investment for an offshore wind project, this is an important technical aspect that remains to be optimised in order to achieve the most cost-effective implementations.","PeriodicalId":273578,"journal":{"name":"2001 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37262)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130734905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-15DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2001.970164
J. Orth
Summary form only given. Often simulating power system activity when testing a SCADA system relies on computer simulations that run on the vendors equipment and a true loading of the system cannot occur until the system has been installed and fully integrated. Using recently available technology, Tacoma Power developed a 98 RTU, 80000 plus point tester called "Master Blaster" for the purpose of fully testing data acquisition performance at the vendor's facility on a pre-contract award basis all the way through FAT and possible system upgrades. Four scenarios were tested, two of these prior to award a contract. The basic; test scenarios included up to 98 RTUs (serial and Ethernet depending on the scenario tested) communicating with the energy management system (EMS) front end processors (FEP) using DNP protocol, spread across the 98 RTUs was approximately 40000 each of status and analog inputs with over 5000 status alarms generated per minute, 25% of all analog inputs (10000 points) change every 2 seconds (and scanned at least at this frequency) and 37.5% of all analog inputs (15000 points) change every 6 seconds. This paper discusses the benefits gained from the testing, results of the testing and issues that arose during the testing including the use of DNP over Ethernet.
{"title":"Energy management system data acquisition and performance testing","authors":"J. Orth","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2001.970164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2001.970164","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Often simulating power system activity when testing a SCADA system relies on computer simulations that run on the vendors equipment and a true loading of the system cannot occur until the system has been installed and fully integrated. Using recently available technology, Tacoma Power developed a 98 RTU, 80000 plus point tester called \"Master Blaster\" for the purpose of fully testing data acquisition performance at the vendor's facility on a pre-contract award basis all the way through FAT and possible system upgrades. Four scenarios were tested, two of these prior to award a contract. The basic; test scenarios included up to 98 RTUs (serial and Ethernet depending on the scenario tested) communicating with the energy management system (EMS) front end processors (FEP) using DNP protocol, spread across the 98 RTUs was approximately 40000 each of status and analog inputs with over 5000 status alarms generated per minute, 25% of all analog inputs (10000 points) change every 2 seconds (and scanned at least at this frequency) and 37.5% of all analog inputs (15000 points) change every 6 seconds. This paper discusses the benefits gained from the testing, results of the testing and issues that arose during the testing including the use of DNP over Ethernet.","PeriodicalId":273578,"journal":{"name":"2001 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37262)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132894586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-15DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2001.970053
F. Albuyeh
The de-regulation of the electric power industry has brought about, among many other things, changes to the way applications software and systems are being specified and implemented. These changes encompass every aspect and cycle of development. In this presentation the authors attempt to outline some of the impacts of the new paradigm on software development:.
{"title":"Application program requirements: impacts of de-regulation","authors":"F. Albuyeh","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2001.970053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2001.970053","url":null,"abstract":"The de-regulation of the electric power industry has brought about, among many other things, changes to the way applications software and systems are being specified and implemented. These changes encompass every aspect and cycle of development. In this presentation the authors attempt to outline some of the impacts of the new paradigm on software development:.","PeriodicalId":273578,"journal":{"name":"2001 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37262)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127967492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-15DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2001.970124
E. Styvaktakis, I. Gu, M. Bollen
Recently developed power quality mitigation equipment, like the static transfer switch, needs methods for fast and reliable detection of voltage dips. Such a detection scheme must be able to detect a voltage dip as fast as possible and be immune to other types of disturbances. In this paper, the authors address the problem of voltage dip detection regarding Kalman filtering, the characteristics of fault-induced voltage dips and other power system disturbances. They investigate how the voltage dip characteristics influence the speed of detection and show that disturbances other than fault-induced dips could trigger a detection scheme. Special attention is given to trans former-related events. Their characteristics are presented using measurements. Kalman filtering modelling issues are discussed. Statistics on the characteristics of fault-induced dips and transformer events are presented from medium voltage networks.
{"title":"Voltage dip detection and power system transients","authors":"E. Styvaktakis, I. Gu, M. Bollen","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2001.970124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2001.970124","url":null,"abstract":"Recently developed power quality mitigation equipment, like the static transfer switch, needs methods for fast and reliable detection of voltage dips. Such a detection scheme must be able to detect a voltage dip as fast as possible and be immune to other types of disturbances. In this paper, the authors address the problem of voltage dip detection regarding Kalman filtering, the characteristics of fault-induced voltage dips and other power system disturbances. They investigate how the voltage dip characteristics influence the speed of detection and show that disturbances other than fault-induced dips could trigger a detection scheme. Special attention is given to trans former-related events. Their characteristics are presented using measurements. Kalman filtering modelling issues are discussed. Statistics on the characteristics of fault-induced dips and transformer events are presented from medium voltage networks.","PeriodicalId":273578,"journal":{"name":"2001 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37262)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131726826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-15DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2001.970006
D.J. Johnson, T. Anderson, H. Déve
In this paper, a new generation of overhead conductors is introduced based upon a fundamental change in the type of material used. The conductors, referred to as composite conductors or ACCR (aluminum conductor composite reinforced) relies upon a core made from composite wires surrounded by high temperature aluminum wires. This material has been specifically developed for high temperature overhead conductor applications and offers a range of attractive properties including reduced thermal expansion characteristics, improved strength to weight ratio and conductivity improvements.
{"title":"A new generation of high performance conductors","authors":"D.J. Johnson, T. Anderson, H. Déve","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2001.970006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2001.970006","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new generation of overhead conductors is introduced based upon a fundamental change in the type of material used. The conductors, referred to as composite conductors or ACCR (aluminum conductor composite reinforced) relies upon a core made from composite wires surrounded by high temperature aluminum wires. This material has been specifically developed for high temperature overhead conductor applications and offers a range of attractive properties including reduced thermal expansion characteristics, improved strength to weight ratio and conductivity improvements.","PeriodicalId":273578,"journal":{"name":"2001 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37262)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125390718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-15DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2001.970315
Kyu-Ho Kim, Jae-Kyu Lee, S. Rhee, Seok-Ku You
This paper presents a hybrid algorithm for solving security constrained OPF in interconnected power systems, which is based on the combined application of evolutionary programming (EP) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP). The efficient algorithm combining main advantages of two methods is as follows: Firstly, EP is applied to perform global exploitation among a population. This gives a good initial point of a conventional method. Then, SQP are used to perform local exploitation. The hybrid approach often outperforms each method operating alone and reduces the total computation time. The objective functions are the minimization of generation fuel costs and system power losses. In OPF considering security, the outages are selected by contingency ranking method. The control variables are the active power of the generating units, the voltage magnitude of the generator, transformer tap settings and SVC setting. The state variables are the bus voltage magnitude, the reactive power of the generating unit, line flows and the tie line flow. The method proposed is applied to the modified IEEE model system.
{"title":"Security constrained OPF by hybrid algorithms in interconnected power systems","authors":"Kyu-Ho Kim, Jae-Kyu Lee, S. Rhee, Seok-Ku You","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2001.970315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2001.970315","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a hybrid algorithm for solving security constrained OPF in interconnected power systems, which is based on the combined application of evolutionary programming (EP) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP). The efficient algorithm combining main advantages of two methods is as follows: Firstly, EP is applied to perform global exploitation among a population. This gives a good initial point of a conventional method. Then, SQP are used to perform local exploitation. The hybrid approach often outperforms each method operating alone and reduces the total computation time. The objective functions are the minimization of generation fuel costs and system power losses. In OPF considering security, the outages are selected by contingency ranking method. The control variables are the active power of the generating units, the voltage magnitude of the generator, transformer tap settings and SVC setting. The state variables are the bus voltage magnitude, the reactive power of the generating unit, line flows and the tie line flow. The method proposed is applied to the modified IEEE model system.","PeriodicalId":273578,"journal":{"name":"2001 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37262)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125444485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-15DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2001.970145
X. Chao
With the establishment of the competitive power markets and increased emphasis on its financial benefits, attention continues to focus on smaller, more modular resources for quick response to increased load and system reliability. These distributed resources offer many potential benefits, including: siting flexibility, fuel diversity, mitigation of emissions, loss reduction, reduced installation time, deferral of network enhancements, power quality and local reliability improvement, energy cost savings. This panel presentation focuses on how to assess the impact to the utility systems of the distributed generators in a competitive market environment.
{"title":"System impact studies for DG projects under development in the US","authors":"X. Chao","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2001.970145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2001.970145","url":null,"abstract":"With the establishment of the competitive power markets and increased emphasis on its financial benefits, attention continues to focus on smaller, more modular resources for quick response to increased load and system reliability. These distributed resources offer many potential benefits, including: siting flexibility, fuel diversity, mitigation of emissions, loss reduction, reduced installation time, deferral of network enhancements, power quality and local reliability improvement, energy cost savings. This panel presentation focuses on how to assess the impact to the utility systems of the distributed generators in a competitive market environment.","PeriodicalId":273578,"journal":{"name":"2001 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37262)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125604734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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