According to newspapers, hailfall of up to 3–4 cm in diameter was observed in the afternoon of May 4, 2019 in Tokyo, Japan. The thunderstorm cell split into two during the hailfall period, with one propagating northward with hailfall and the other propagating southward with only rainfall. For these two cells, we investigated the number of cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes identified by the lightning detection network, the temporal changes in the ice volume derived from the X-band multi-parameter radar data, and atmospheric electric fields. The results showed that the ice volume of the cell with hailfall (hailfall cell) was greater than that of the cell without hailfall (rainfall cell), whereas the number of CG strokes in the hailfall cell was smaller than that in the rainfall cell. In addition, –CG strokes were more dominant in the rainfall cell than in the hailfall cell, while +CG strokes were more dominant in the hailfall cell than in the rainfall cell. This implies that there was a large loss in negatively charged hail in the hailfall cell due to gravity, which led to an increase in net positive charge in the hailfall cell, causing +CG strokes.
{"title":"Characteristics of hailfall and lightning in a splitting thunderstorm observed on May 4, 2019 in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Japan","authors":"Hironobu Fujiwara, Hiroshi Okochi, Masashi Kamogawa, Tomoyuki Suzuki, Syugo Hayashi, Naoki Sato, Yoshiaki Orihara, Jun Matsumoto, Jun- Ichi Hamada, Kotaro Murata, Eiichi Yoshikawa, Takeshi Kudo","doi":"10.1541/jae.42.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1541/jae.42.1","url":null,"abstract":"According to newspapers, hailfall of up to 3–4 cm in diameter was observed in the afternoon of May 4, 2019 in Tokyo, Japan. The thunderstorm cell split into two during the hailfall period, with one propagating northward with hailfall and the other propagating southward with only rainfall. For these two cells, we investigated the number of cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes identified by the lightning detection network, the temporal changes in the ice volume derived from the X-band multi-parameter radar data, and atmospheric electric fields. The results showed that the ice volume of the cell with hailfall (hailfall cell) was greater than that of the cell without hailfall (rainfall cell), whereas the number of CG strokes in the hailfall cell was smaller than that in the rainfall cell. In addition, –CG strokes were more dominant in the rainfall cell than in the hailfall cell, while +CG strokes were more dominant in the hailfall cell than in the rainfall cell. This implies that there was a large loss in negatively charged hail in the hailfall cell due to gravity, which led to an increase in net positive charge in the hailfall cell, causing +CG strokes.","PeriodicalId":274637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atmospheric electricity","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135560362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. We conducted a summer observation campaign of transient luminous events (TLEs) in 2019 at the summit of Mt. Fuji. A newly developed color full-HD remote camera system, monochrome charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras, and the receiver of very low frequency (VLF) band lightning detection system operated by Blitzortung.org were installed there. During the observation period, we obtained many events of the parent thunderstorm associated with lightning strikes identified by Blitzortung.org and the color optical flash image. Moreover, a sprite (one of TLEs) and the sprite-producing strike were detected by a monochrome CCD camera and Blitzortung lightning detection network, respectively. It was reasonable to estimate the location of lightning strikes in the Kanto area of Japan using Blitzortung.org. The results show that the observation system at the Mt. Fuji is feasible to promote the TLEs study.
{"title":"System Feasibility of Transient Luminous Events Observation at the Summit of Mt. Fuji","authors":"Suzuki Tomoyuki, Kamogawa Masashi","doi":"10.1541/jae.39.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1541/jae.39.52","url":null,"abstract":". We conducted a summer observation campaign of transient luminous events (TLEs) in 2019 at the summit of Mt. Fuji. A newly developed color full-HD remote camera system, monochrome charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras, and the receiver of very low frequency (VLF) band lightning detection system operated by Blitzortung.org were installed there. During the observation period, we obtained many events of the parent thunderstorm associated with lightning strikes identified by Blitzortung.org and the color optical flash image. Moreover, a sprite (one of TLEs) and the sprite-producing strike were detected by a monochrome CCD camera and Blitzortung lightning detection network, respectively. It was reasonable to estimate the location of lightning strikes in the Kanto area of Japan using Blitzortung.org. The results show that the observation system at the Mt. Fuji is feasible to promote the TLEs study.","PeriodicalId":274637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atmospheric electricity","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115555848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report the light intensity profiles of 20 return strokes in rocket-triggered lightning flashes and 4 return strokes in natural lightning flashes recorded by a high speed optical observation device called LAPOS. For all the return strokes, the peak light intensity decreases and the 10% to 90% rise time increases with increasing height. The changes of light intensity and 10% to 90% rise time versus height are much faster in rocket-triggered lightning flashes than those in natural lightning flashes. The peak light intensity and the rise time of rocket triggered strokes at 40 m above the return stroke initiation point are about half and twice, respectively, of those at the initiation point.
{"title":"Light Intensity Profiles of Return Strokes at the Bottom of Rocket-triggered and Natural Lightning Channels","authors":"N. Tsukamoto, Ting Wu, Daohong Wang, N. Takagi","doi":"10.1541/JAE.37.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1541/JAE.37.1","url":null,"abstract":"We report the light intensity profiles of 20 return strokes in rocket-triggered lightning flashes and 4 return strokes in natural lightning flashes recorded by a high speed optical observation device called LAPOS. For all the return strokes, the peak light intensity decreases and the 10% to 90% rise time increases with increasing height. The changes of light intensity and 10% to 90% rise time versus height are much faster in rocket-triggered lightning flashes than those in natural lightning flashes. The peak light intensity and the rise time of rocket triggered strokes at 40 m above the return stroke initiation point are about half and twice, respectively, of those at the initiation point.","PeriodicalId":274637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atmospheric electricity","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127241756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Schumann resonance (SR) observations have been carried out at a low latitude station Bichpuri, Agra (Geograph. Lat. 27.2 o N, Long. 78 o E), India using a set of 3-component search coil magnetometer and accessories since 01 April, 2010. Here, we analyse the data for a period of one year from 01 January to 31 December, 2013 in search of possible anomalies in SR data associated with earthquakes. We find that unusual submodal amplitude enhancements ≈ 10-15 dB, frequency shifts 1 Hz-4Hz, precursory period 7 days and duration of the anomaly ≈ 6 hours occurred beyond third and fourth SR bands associated with 03 major earthquakes (M > 6.0). The earthquakes occurred in neighbouring countries of China and Pakistan around India in the months of July and September, 2013. We show that the anomalies appeared as a result of constructive interference maxima at the receiver between the direct ELF waves generated from African and South Asian thunderstorm centers and reflected from the disturbances over epicentres of earthquakes.
{"title":"Submodal anomalies in Schumann resonance phenomenon possibly associated with earthquakes","authors":"D. Pundhir, Birbal Singh, O. Singh","doi":"10.1541/JAE.35.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1541/JAE.35.9","url":null,"abstract":"Schumann resonance (SR) observations have been carried out at a low latitude station Bichpuri, Agra (Geograph. Lat. 27.2 o N, Long. 78 o E), India using a set of 3-component search coil magnetometer and accessories since 01 April, 2010. Here, we analyse the data for a period of one year from 01 January to 31 December, 2013 in search of possible anomalies in SR data associated with earthquakes. We find that unusual submodal amplitude enhancements ≈ 10-15 dB, frequency shifts 1 Hz-4Hz, precursory period 7 days and duration of the anomaly ≈ 6 hours occurred beyond third and fourth SR bands associated with 03 major earthquakes (M > 6.0). The earthquakes occurred in neighbouring countries of China and Pakistan around India in the months of July and September, 2013. We show that the anomalies appeared as a result of constructive interference maxima at the receiver between the direct ELF waves generated from African and South Asian thunderstorm centers and reflected from the disturbances over epicentres of earthquakes.","PeriodicalId":274637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atmospheric electricity","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124109809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Characteristics of 273 brief but bright (BB) discharges in 14 upward positive leaders and 75 BB discharges in a downward positive leader documented using a high speed video camera have been studied. On the basis of the two-dimensional (2D) shapes obtained from the high-speed video images, the BB discharges can be grouped into five types. Most of the BB discharges appeared only in one frame of our high speed video, indicating that most of them progress very fast. For those slow progressing BB discharges, some of them are identified progressing at two sides and some only at one side, and their speeds are at the order of 10 6 m/s, similar to that of a typical negative dart-stepped leader. No apparent differences have been found between the BB discharges in upward lightning and in downward lightning. For 3 of the 14 upward lightning flashes, we have recorded their channel base current and electric field changes. We have detected the simultaneous current and electric field change for only 1 BB discharge among 32 discharges contained in the 3 upward lightning flashes. We argue that the BB discharges should not be simply called recoil leaders (RLs). ,
{"title":"Characteristics of the brief but bright discharges that often occur along the trails of positive leaders","authors":"K. Takamatsu, N. Takagi, Daohong Wang","doi":"10.1541/JAE.35.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1541/JAE.35.17","url":null,"abstract":". Characteristics of 273 brief but bright (BB) discharges in 14 upward positive leaders and 75 BB discharges in a downward positive leader documented using a high speed video camera have been studied. On the basis of the two-dimensional (2D) shapes obtained from the high-speed video images, the BB discharges can be grouped into five types. Most of the BB discharges appeared only in one frame of our high speed video, indicating that most of them progress very fast. For those slow progressing BB discharges, some of them are identified progressing at two sides and some only at one side, and their speeds are at the order of 10 6 m/s, similar to that of a typical negative dart-stepped leader. No apparent differences have been found between the BB discharges in upward lightning and in downward lightning. For 3 of the 14 upward lightning flashes, we have recorded their channel base current and electric field changes. We have detected the simultaneous current and electric field change for only 1 BB discharge among 32 discharges contained in the 3 upward lightning flashes. We argue that the BB discharges should not be simply called recoil leaders (RLs). ,","PeriodicalId":274637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atmospheric electricity","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131662438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study of the atmospheric surface electrical activity in the Maracay city (10°14'59.1"N 67°37'20.6"W 436masl) is performed, through the analysis of the Carnegie curve. We present the methodological construction of the Field Mill, for the measurement of the electric field atmospheric, and a counter of atmospheric ions, based on the capacitor Gerdien. We shown that the local heating due to convective movement during the morning could change the concentration of ions, and subsequently, produce a second local minimum in the curve of the local electric field, this second minimum is not a feature of the Carnegie curve. We conclude that the curve of local variation of the superficial atmospheric electricity activity, under conditions of clear skies and no clouds, for the tropical region, as in the Maracay city, is functionally similar to Carnegie curve.
{"title":"Local variation of the superficial atmospheric electricity activity in a tropical region","authors":"Snell Rojas, O. Guerra, J. Jimenez, N. Falcón","doi":"10.1541/JAE.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1541/JAE.35","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the atmospheric surface electrical activity in the Maracay city (10°14'59.1\"N 67°37'20.6\"W 436masl) is performed, through the analysis of the Carnegie curve. We present the methodological construction of the Field Mill, for the measurement of the electric field atmospheric, and a counter of atmospheric ions, based on the capacitor Gerdien. We shown that the local heating due to convective movement during the morning could change the concentration of ions, and subsequently, produce a second local minimum in the curve of the local electric field, this second minimum is not a feature of the Carnegie curve. We conclude that the curve of local variation of the superficial atmospheric electricity activity, under conditions of clear skies and no clouds, for the tropical region, as in the Maracay city, is functionally similar to Carnegie curve.","PeriodicalId":274637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atmospheric electricity","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116222341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Employing a system of 3-component search coil magnetometer installed in a remote area in the out skirt of Agra (Geographic lat.27.2 0 N, long.78 0 E), India, Schumann resonance (SR) observations have been in progress since 01 April, 2007. In this paper we analyze the first mode intensity data for a period of one year between 01 March, 2011 and 29 February, 2012 and correlate with ground surface temperature (GST) for low latitude region between ± 30 0 latitude.The GST data are taken from the website: http://www.tutiempo.net. Our results show that the variation curves of the two sets of data match satisfactorily with cross-correlation coefficient of 0.522 which is consistent with earlier workers for low latitude region. We also carry out linear regression analysis and regression equation is utilized to verify the calculated and measured GST which are found to be matching satisfactorily also.
{"title":"An attempt to correlate first mode Schumann resonance intensity with ground surface temperature at low latitudes","authors":"Manoj Kumar, Birbal Singh","doi":"10.1541/JAE.34.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1541/JAE.34.69","url":null,"abstract":". Employing a system of 3-component search coil magnetometer installed in a remote area in the out skirt of Agra (Geographic lat.27.2 0 N, long.78 0 E), India, Schumann resonance (SR) observations have been in progress since 01 April, 2007. In this paper we analyze the first mode intensity data for a period of one year between 01 March, 2011 and 29 February, 2012 and correlate with ground surface temperature (GST) for low latitude region between ± 30 0 latitude.The GST data are taken from the website: http://www.tutiempo.net. Our results show that the variation curves of the two sets of data match satisfactorily with cross-correlation coefficient of 0.522 which is consistent with earlier workers for low latitude region. We also carry out linear regression analysis and regression equation is utilized to verify the calculated and measured GST which are found to be matching satisfactorily also.","PeriodicalId":274637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atmospheric electricity","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131319783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chiaki Tsurudome, Antoine Flaquiere, Kaori Mochizuki, Yannick Teuff, Rikuma Sakai, Joffrey Tuffenis, Yuko Suzuki, D. Cohen, H. Fujiwara, Koji Inazaki, S. Yahi, M. Nakamura, M. Kamogawa
{"title":"Measurement of the atmospheric electric field inside the nonthunderstorm clouds on 2012 BEXUS campaign","authors":"Chiaki Tsurudome, Antoine Flaquiere, Kaori Mochizuki, Yannick Teuff, Rikuma Sakai, Joffrey Tuffenis, Yuko Suzuki, D. Cohen, H. Fujiwara, Koji Inazaki, S. Yahi, M. Nakamura, M. Kamogawa","doi":"10.1541/JAE.33.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1541/JAE.33.77","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":274637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atmospheric electricity","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127349898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our paper estimates possible impact of urban civilization on the global climate. An effective model is used of the “heat island” centered above the city, it describes the temperature distribution over the urban area of a radial-circular structure. Contribution was estimated of the big cities into the median temperature of the Earth. It is shown that heat production in the radial-circular cities is able to deteriorate the life conditions at the center of a city with great population. According to the model, contribution from the update cities into the global median temperature is evaluated as ~0.04 C. Simultaneously, a thousand of cities of the 10 million inhabitants each is able to raise the global median temperature by 0.4 C.
{"title":"On the urban heat islands and their possible impact on climate","authors":"A. Nickolaenko, I. Kudintseva","doi":"10.1541/JAE.33.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1541/JAE.33.81","url":null,"abstract":"Our paper estimates possible impact of urban civilization on the global climate. An effective model is used of the “heat island” centered above the city, it describes the temperature distribution over the urban area of a radial-circular structure. Contribution was estimated of the big cities into the median temperature of the Earth. It is shown that heat production in the radial-circular cities is able to deteriorate the life conditions at the center of a city with great population. According to the model, contribution from the update cities into the global median temperature is evaluated as ~0.04 C. Simultaneously, a thousand of cities of the 10 million inhabitants each is able to raise the global median temperature by 0.4 C.","PeriodicalId":274637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atmospheric electricity","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126995904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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