Modeling techniques are presented which allow general-purpose circuit-analysis CAD (computer-aided design) packages to be modified and used for PWM (pulsewidth-modulated) inverter drive simulation. Circuit-equivalent PWM techniques which allow any PWM control strategy to be implemented in circuit-analysis CAD packages are presented. In addition, the details of circuit-equivalent motor models, based on two-axis theory, for transient motor performance simulation are presented. It is shown how these models can be simply interconnected to produce a complete-circuit-equivalent CAD simulation of the complete inverter-motor drive system. Typical examples, both computed and experimental, for various operational modes for both voltage-source-inverter and current-source-inverter PWM variable-speed drives are presented to confirm the validity and accuracy of the modeling techniques, and to demonstrate the advantages of the circuit-analysis CAD PWM drive package.<>
{"title":"Computer-aided design of PWM inverter drives using general purpose circuit analysis packages","authors":"S. R. Bowes, J. Clare","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25108","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling techniques are presented which allow general-purpose circuit-analysis CAD (computer-aided design) packages to be modified and used for PWM (pulsewidth-modulated) inverter drive simulation. Circuit-equivalent PWM techniques which allow any PWM control strategy to be implemented in circuit-analysis CAD packages are presented. In addition, the details of circuit-equivalent motor models, based on two-axis theory, for transient motor performance simulation are presented. It is shown how these models can be simply interconnected to produce a complete-circuit-equivalent CAD simulation of the complete inverter-motor drive system. Typical examples, both computed and experimental, for various operational modes for both voltage-source-inverter and current-source-inverter PWM variable-speed drives are presented to confirm the validity and accuracy of the modeling techniques, and to demonstrate the advantages of the circuit-analysis CAD PWM drive package.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"2 3 Pt 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124376127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A review of techniques to control the lamp-wall temperatures of fluorescent lamps in luminaires is presented. Past results show that large increases in efficacy and light output can be obtained (to 25%) if the lamps can be operated at their optimum lamp-wall temperature. Their cost-effectiveness is reviewed in view of the increased energy cost and advances in the technology.<>
{"title":"Control of lamp wall temperature","authors":"R. Verderber, F. Rubinstein, M. Siminovitch","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25309","url":null,"abstract":"A review of techniques to control the lamp-wall temperatures of fluorescent lamps in luminaires is presented. Past results show that large increases in efficacy and light output can be obtained (to 25%) if the lamps can be operated at their optimum lamp-wall temperature. Their cost-effectiveness is reviewed in view of the increased energy cost and advances in the technology.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128946553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Yamamoto, Y. Kaneko, K. Fujii, T. Kumazawa, K. Ohshima, G. Alzamora, T. Kubota, F. Ozaki, S. Anzai
A digital computer control system is proposed for improving the stability of the weld pool shape in MIG (metal inert gas) welding. The authors deal with an application of adaptive control and image processing to a welding robot. In a welding system, the parameters vary because the base metal thickness changes during the operation. To obtain the desirable response, adaptive control theory was applied to the control of the weld pool width.<>
{"title":"Adaptive control of pulsed MIG welding using image processing systems","authors":"M. Yamamoto, Y. Kaneko, K. Fujii, T. Kumazawa, K. Ohshima, G. Alzamora, T. Kubota, F. Ozaki, S. Anzai","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25238","url":null,"abstract":"A digital computer control system is proposed for improving the stability of the weld pool shape in MIG (metal inert gas) welding. The authors deal with an application of adaptive control and image processing to a welding robot. In a welding system, the parameters vary because the base metal thickness changes during the operation. To obtain the desirable response, adaptive control theory was applied to the control of the weld pool width.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133559571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increase in breakdown voltage of a planar junction with field limiting rings is estimated with a one-dimensional analysis that is based on the premise that the placement of a floating diffused ring at the side of the junction increases the effective radius of curvature of the junction of interest. The floating ring assumes a potential less than the applied voltage and thus is stressed with a lower electric field at the far end where the radius curvature is small. The floating potential is estimated by a one-dimensional analysis of Poisson's equation. The breakdown voltage of this floating diffusion is calculated using published curves of the avalanche breakdown voltage versus impurity concentration for one-sided cylindrical or spherical step junctions. The analysis can be used to determine the optimum spacing between the diffusions and the number of rings required. Experimental results are in good agreement with the analysis.<>
{"title":"Estimate of increase of planar junction breakdown voltage with field limiting ring","authors":"H. Lin, K. Petrosky, D. Lampe, J. Ostop","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25135","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in breakdown voltage of a planar junction with field limiting rings is estimated with a one-dimensional analysis that is based on the premise that the placement of a floating diffused ring at the side of the junction increases the effective radius of curvature of the junction of interest. The floating ring assumes a potential less than the applied voltage and thus is stressed with a lower electric field at the far end where the radius curvature is small. The floating potential is estimated by a one-dimensional analysis of Poisson's equation. The breakdown voltage of this floating diffusion is calculated using published curves of the avalanche breakdown voltage versus impurity concentration for one-sided cylindrical or spherical step junctions. The analysis can be used to determine the optimum spacing between the diffusions and the number of rings required. Experimental results are in good agreement with the analysis.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133653156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kohata, T. Shiota, Y. Watanabe, S. Atoh, A. Nabae, Y. Akagi
The discussion is presented of the test results of a prototype compensator which compensates for the harmonic currents and instantaneous reactive power in a power system. The compensator is composed of a PWM (pulsewidth-modulated) converter with instantaneous current control and SI (static induction) thyristors which have better switching characteristics than the gate turn-off thyristor which has been used as a power switching device previously. The use of SI thyristors allowed the authors to develop a practical compensator whose main circuit is more compact than before. The compensation algorithm effects instantaneous power control based on the instantaneous spatial vector. This permits the hardware with the same configuration to perform multiple compensating functions by just changing the software.<>
{"title":"A novel compensator using static induction thyristors for reactive power and harmonics","authors":"M. Kohata, T. Shiota, Y. Watanabe, S. Atoh, A. Nabae, Y. Akagi","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25159","url":null,"abstract":"The discussion is presented of the test results of a prototype compensator which compensates for the harmonic currents and instantaneous reactive power in a power system. The compensator is composed of a PWM (pulsewidth-modulated) converter with instantaneous current control and SI (static induction) thyristors which have better switching characteristics than the gate turn-off thyristor which has been used as a power switching device previously. The use of SI thyristors allowed the authors to develop a practical compensator whose main circuit is more compact than before. The compensation algorithm effects instantaneous power control based on the instantaneous spatial vector. This permits the hardware with the same configuration to perform multiple compensating functions by just changing the software.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116777706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaime De, L. Ree, J. Latorre, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg Va
An analytical model has been developed to predict accurately cogging and commutating torques of permanent-magnet brushless DC machines with buried and surface-mounted magnets. Computer programs have been written to evaluate the analytical models, and the results are compared with finite-element analysis and test results. A parametric study has been performed showing the effects of some of the most important machine variables. For both machine constructions the cogging torque is reduced to zero by skewing either the rotor or the stator by one slot pitch without a considerable loss of average torque. Slot opening has a marked effect over the magnitude of the cogging torque. The number of slots of the machine also produces a large effect over cogging torque. For a fractional number of slots per pole pitch the resulting cogging torque is considerably smaller than for an integral number of slots.<>
{"title":"Permanent magnet machines torque considerations","authors":"Jaime De, L. Ree, J. Latorre, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg Va","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25038","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical model has been developed to predict accurately cogging and commutating torques of permanent-magnet brushless DC machines with buried and surface-mounted magnets. Computer programs have been written to evaluate the analytical models, and the results are compared with finite-element analysis and test results. A parametric study has been performed showing the effects of some of the most important machine variables. For both machine constructions the cogging torque is reduced to zero by skewing either the rotor or the stator by one slot pitch without a considerable loss of average torque. Slot opening has a marked effect over the magnitude of the cogging torque. The number of slots of the machine also produces a large effect over cogging torque. For a fractional number of slots per pole pitch the resulting cogging torque is considerably smaller than for an integral number of slots.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128166296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Laskowski, L. Hannett, T. E. Kostyniak, C.G. Pounds
Selection of electrical equipment is influenced by the expected magnitudes of the short-circuit currents to which they will be exposed. The widely used application guides ANSI/IEEE C37.010-1979 and C37.5-1979 for AC high-voltage circuit breakers, as well as the IEC standard used in Europe, recommend procedures for determining circuit-breaker duty. These procedures utilize approximate calculations of fault currents. The authors present a method for more accurately approximating fault currents. Calculation of short-circuit currents by the proposed method and by the ANSI method are compared for an industrial power system.<>
{"title":"Calculation of short circuit currents for sizing electrical equipment","authors":"T. Laskowski, L. Hannett, T. E. Kostyniak, C.G. Pounds","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25250","url":null,"abstract":"Selection of electrical equipment is influenced by the expected magnitudes of the short-circuit currents to which they will be exposed. The widely used application guides ANSI/IEEE C37.010-1979 and C37.5-1979 for AC high-voltage circuit breakers, as well as the IEC standard used in Europe, recommend procedures for determining circuit-breaker duty. These procedures utilize approximate calculations of fault currents. The authors present a method for more accurately approximating fault currents. Calculation of short-circuit currents by the proposed method and by the ANSI method are compared for an industrial power system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"398 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133119977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors present a development and control strategy for a single-switch dual-output DC-DC converter. The control strategy is based on discrete proportional feedback control. This control regulates two independent output voltages derived from a single DC voltage source using one power semiconductor switch. One output voltage, supplied from a low-pass filter, is regulated by controlling the duty cycle of the switch, while the other output voltage, supplied from a higher-frequency bandpass filter, is controlled by the switching frequency. The converter control is implemented around a 16-bit microcontroller and external-switching-element control logic.<>
{"title":"Single switch dual output DC-DC converter control strategy","authors":"T. Charanasomboon, M. Devaney, R. Hoft","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25152","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a development and control strategy for a single-switch dual-output DC-DC converter. The control strategy is based on discrete proportional feedback control. This control regulates two independent output voltages derived from a single DC voltage source using one power semiconductor switch. One output voltage, supplied from a low-pass filter, is regulated by controlling the duty cycle of the switch, while the other output voltage, supplied from a higher-frequency bandpass filter, is controlled by the switching frequency. The converter control is implemented around a 16-bit microcontroller and external-switching-element control logic.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133907770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A description is given of a system for dynamically calculating optimized pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) waveforms for use with voltage-source-inverter-fed induction motor drives in railway traction applications. A TMS32010 signal processing microprocessor, capable of fast arithmetic, is interfaced to novel random-access memory-based waveform-generating hardware. This provides the capability of control line waveform detail that is impossible with more conventional microprocessor-based systems. Although the authors concentrate on the implementation of a particular algorithm, the design can implement variable pulse widths in multiphase systems and in real time. An important aspect of this work is the role played by microprocessor simulation in testing the design.<>
{"title":"A TMS32010 based near optimized pulse width modulated waveform generator","authors":"R. Chance, J. Taufiq","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25167","url":null,"abstract":"A description is given of a system for dynamically calculating optimized pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) waveforms for use with voltage-source-inverter-fed induction motor drives in railway traction applications. A TMS32010 signal processing microprocessor, capable of fast arithmetic, is interfaced to novel random-access memory-based waveform-generating hardware. This provides the capability of control line waveform detail that is impossible with more conventional microprocessor-based systems. Although the authors concentrate on the implementation of a particular algorithm, the design can implement variable pulse widths in multiphase systems and in real time. An important aspect of this work is the role played by microprocessor simulation in testing the design.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121214081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The task of designing a gate-array-based, dedicated, three-phase PWM (pulsewidth-modulated) modulator for electric drive control is addressed. A novel slope-modulated PWM strategy is presented. Sine-wave and square-wave signal references, under several operating modes, are used to demonstrate the modulation properties. Performance parameters, such as reliable inverter switching, minimum on/off times, peak inverter switching frequency, total harmonic distortion, and pulse dropping are described. The modulator is shown to generate high-resolution PWM waveforms, with excellent performance when a variable-frequency ratio strategy is used with a sine-wave reference signal. The square-wave reference signal uses less complex digital circuitry, with a reliable operation of the inverter bridge.<>
{"title":"A new 'slope-modulated' PWM strategy for implementation in a single chip gate array","authors":"John C. Salmon","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25091","url":null,"abstract":"The task of designing a gate-array-based, dedicated, three-phase PWM (pulsewidth-modulated) modulator for electric drive control is addressed. A novel slope-modulated PWM strategy is presented. Sine-wave and square-wave signal references, under several operating modes, are used to demonstrate the modulation properties. Performance parameters, such as reliable inverter switching, minimum on/off times, peak inverter switching frequency, total harmonic distortion, and pulse dropping are described. The modulator is shown to generate high-resolution PWM waveforms, with excellent performance when a variable-frequency ratio strategy is used with a sine-wave reference signal. The square-wave reference signal uses less complex digital circuitry, with a reliable operation of the inverter bridge.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121245024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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