The design considerations for permanent-magnet motors intended for brushless operation are discussed. Two rotor configurations are described: the imbricated rotor and the segmented rotor. The segmented rotor is designed specially for high-speed operation. A brushless DC drive system is also described, and the performance of a neodymium-iron-boron excited permanent-magnet motor with an imbricated rotor in a brushless DC drive is presented.<>
{"title":"Permanent magnet motors for brushless operation","authors":"M. Jabbar, T. Low, M. Rahman","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25035","url":null,"abstract":"The design considerations for permanent-magnet motors intended for brushless operation are discussed. Two rotor configurations are described: the imbricated rotor and the segmented rotor. The segmented rotor is designed specially for high-speed operation. A brushless DC drive system is also described, and the performance of a neodymium-iron-boron excited permanent-magnet motor with an imbricated rotor in a brushless DC drive is presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"318 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120882377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A computer program for three-dimensional electrostatics analysis is presented that uses solid modeling principles to specify and construct problem geometries, and Delaunay tessellation to generate meshes. With the solid modeling approach, simple solid primitives are constructed by sweeping or revolving two-dimensional cross sections entered into the computer using a graphic sketch-pad and mouse. The solid primitives are then manipulated using the Boolean operations of union, intersection, and subtraction to produce complex solids. Once the problem geometry is entered, Delaunay tesselation is used to generate automatically a tetrahedral mesh that is ideal for finite-element analysis. The combination of solid modeling with Delaunay tesselation provides an extremely powerful and convenient user interface for finite-element analysis of electrostatic fields in three dimensions.<>
{"title":"Application of solid modeling to three-dimensional electrostatic field computation","authors":"E. Smetak, D. Shenton, Z. Cendes","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25288","url":null,"abstract":"A computer program for three-dimensional electrostatics analysis is presented that uses solid modeling principles to specify and construct problem geometries, and Delaunay tessellation to generate meshes. With the solid modeling approach, simple solid primitives are constructed by sweeping or revolving two-dimensional cross sections entered into the computer using a graphic sketch-pad and mouse. The solid primitives are then manipulated using the Boolean operations of union, intersection, and subtraction to produce complex solids. Once the problem geometry is entered, Delaunay tesselation is used to generate automatically a tetrahedral mesh that is ideal for finite-element analysis. The combination of solid modeling with Delaunay tesselation provides an extremely powerful and convenient user interface for finite-element analysis of electrostatic fields in three dimensions.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123965928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaime De, L. Ree, J. Latorre, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg Va
An analytical model has been developed to predict accurately cogging and commutating torques of permanent-magnet brushless DC machines with buried and surface-mounted magnets. Computer programs have been written to evaluate the analytical models, and the results are compared with finite-element analysis and test results. A parametric study has been performed showing the effects of some of the most important machine variables. For both machine constructions the cogging torque is reduced to zero by skewing either the rotor or the stator by one slot pitch without a considerable loss of average torque. Slot opening has a marked effect over the magnitude of the cogging torque. The number of slots of the machine also produces a large effect over cogging torque. For a fractional number of slots per pole pitch the resulting cogging torque is considerably smaller than for an integral number of slots.<>
{"title":"Permanent magnet machines torque considerations","authors":"Jaime De, L. Ree, J. Latorre, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg Va","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25038","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical model has been developed to predict accurately cogging and commutating torques of permanent-magnet brushless DC machines with buried and surface-mounted magnets. Computer programs have been written to evaluate the analytical models, and the results are compared with finite-element analysis and test results. A parametric study has been performed showing the effects of some of the most important machine variables. For both machine constructions the cogging torque is reduced to zero by skewing either the rotor or the stator by one slot pitch without a considerable loss of average torque. Slot opening has a marked effect over the magnitude of the cogging torque. The number of slots of the machine also produces a large effect over cogging torque. For a fractional number of slots per pole pitch the resulting cogging torque is considerably smaller than for an integral number of slots.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128166296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modeling techniques are presented which allow general-purpose circuit-analysis CAD (computer-aided design) packages to be modified and used for PWM (pulsewidth-modulated) inverter drive simulation. Circuit-equivalent PWM techniques which allow any PWM control strategy to be implemented in circuit-analysis CAD packages are presented. In addition, the details of circuit-equivalent motor models, based on two-axis theory, for transient motor performance simulation are presented. It is shown how these models can be simply interconnected to produce a complete-circuit-equivalent CAD simulation of the complete inverter-motor drive system. Typical examples, both computed and experimental, for various operational modes for both voltage-source-inverter and current-source-inverter PWM variable-speed drives are presented to confirm the validity and accuracy of the modeling techniques, and to demonstrate the advantages of the circuit-analysis CAD PWM drive package.<>
{"title":"Computer-aided design of PWM inverter drives using general purpose circuit analysis packages","authors":"S. R. Bowes, J. Clare","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25108","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling techniques are presented which allow general-purpose circuit-analysis CAD (computer-aided design) packages to be modified and used for PWM (pulsewidth-modulated) inverter drive simulation. Circuit-equivalent PWM techniques which allow any PWM control strategy to be implemented in circuit-analysis CAD packages are presented. In addition, the details of circuit-equivalent motor models, based on two-axis theory, for transient motor performance simulation are presented. It is shown how these models can be simply interconnected to produce a complete-circuit-equivalent CAD simulation of the complete inverter-motor drive system. Typical examples, both computed and experimental, for various operational modes for both voltage-source-inverter and current-source-inverter PWM variable-speed drives are presented to confirm the validity and accuracy of the modeling techniques, and to demonstrate the advantages of the circuit-analysis CAD PWM drive package.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"2 3 Pt 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124376127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A half-bridge parallel resonant converter (PRC) operating above resonance is analyzed in detail to provide a more straightforward and easy-to-use design tool. Closed-form solutions for the PRC are derived under steady-state conditions. Resonant component selection criteria is provided. Various design parameters derived from the results of the analysis are presented in the form of normalized design graphs to directly determine the component ratings. Using these design graphs, a step-by-step design procedure for a 100 kHz, 150 W multioutput switching power supply is given and implemented for verification of theoretical results.<>
{"title":"Analysis and design of a half-bridge parallel resonant converter operating above resonance","authors":"Y. Kang, A. Upadhyay, D. Stephens","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25157","url":null,"abstract":"A half-bridge parallel resonant converter (PRC) operating above resonance is analyzed in detail to provide a more straightforward and easy-to-use design tool. Closed-form solutions for the PRC are derived under steady-state conditions. Resonant component selection criteria is provided. Various design parameters derived from the results of the analysis are presented in the form of normalized design graphs to directly determine the component ratings. Using these design graphs, a step-by-step design procedure for a 100 kHz, 150 W multioutput switching power supply is given and implemented for verification of theoretical results.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128877872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A review of techniques to control the lamp-wall temperatures of fluorescent lamps in luminaires is presented. Past results show that large increases in efficacy and light output can be obtained (to 25%) if the lamps can be operated at their optimum lamp-wall temperature. Their cost-effectiveness is reviewed in view of the increased energy cost and advances in the technology.<>
{"title":"Control of lamp wall temperature","authors":"R. Verderber, F. Rubinstein, M. Siminovitch","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25309","url":null,"abstract":"A review of techniques to control the lamp-wall temperatures of fluorescent lamps in luminaires is presented. Past results show that large increases in efficacy and light output can be obtained (to 25%) if the lamps can be operated at their optimum lamp-wall temperature. Their cost-effectiveness is reviewed in view of the increased energy cost and advances in the technology.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128946553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A series inverter circuit is proposed that provides constant output frequency and a wide range of output voltage control. This circuit overcomes one of the major disadvantages of series inverters normally providing only a small range of voltage control at varying frequency. The circuit is a combination of two basic inverter circuits. The voltage control is achieved by phase-shifting the output voltages of the basic inverters. The authors provide a circuit analysis and a model to study the unsymmetrical operation of the two basic inverters in the combined circuit. Based on the analysis, the inverter performance is evaluated and design rules are established to achieve good regulation of the output voltage, low harmonic distortion and optimal inverter rating. The theoretical results are verified experimentally.<>
{"title":"Design of a resonant inverter with variable voltage and constant frequency","authors":"R. Bonert","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25182","url":null,"abstract":"A series inverter circuit is proposed that provides constant output frequency and a wide range of output voltage control. This circuit overcomes one of the major disadvantages of series inverters normally providing only a small range of voltage control at varying frequency. The circuit is a combination of two basic inverter circuits. The voltage control is achieved by phase-shifting the output voltages of the basic inverters. The authors provide a circuit analysis and a model to study the unsymmetrical operation of the two basic inverters in the combined circuit. Based on the analysis, the inverter performance is evaluated and design rules are established to achieve good regulation of the output voltage, low harmonic distortion and optimal inverter rating. The theoretical results are verified experimentally.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122430158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Laskowski, L. Hannett, T. E. Kostyniak, C.G. Pounds
Selection of electrical equipment is influenced by the expected magnitudes of the short-circuit currents to which they will be exposed. The widely used application guides ANSI/IEEE C37.010-1979 and C37.5-1979 for AC high-voltage circuit breakers, as well as the IEC standard used in Europe, recommend procedures for determining circuit-breaker duty. These procedures utilize approximate calculations of fault currents. The authors present a method for more accurately approximating fault currents. Calculation of short-circuit currents by the proposed method and by the ANSI method are compared for an industrial power system.<>
{"title":"Calculation of short circuit currents for sizing electrical equipment","authors":"T. Laskowski, L. Hannett, T. E. Kostyniak, C.G. Pounds","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25250","url":null,"abstract":"Selection of electrical equipment is influenced by the expected magnitudes of the short-circuit currents to which they will be exposed. The widely used application guides ANSI/IEEE C37.010-1979 and C37.5-1979 for AC high-voltage circuit breakers, as well as the IEC standard used in Europe, recommend procedures for determining circuit-breaker duty. These procedures utilize approximate calculations of fault currents. The authors present a method for more accurately approximating fault currents. Calculation of short-circuit currents by the proposed method and by the ANSI method are compared for an industrial power system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"398 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133119977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A description is given of a system for dynamically calculating optimized pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) waveforms for use with voltage-source-inverter-fed induction motor drives in railway traction applications. A TMS32010 signal processing microprocessor, capable of fast arithmetic, is interfaced to novel random-access memory-based waveform-generating hardware. This provides the capability of control line waveform detail that is impossible with more conventional microprocessor-based systems. Although the authors concentrate on the implementation of a particular algorithm, the design can implement variable pulse widths in multiphase systems and in real time. An important aspect of this work is the role played by microprocessor simulation in testing the design.<>
{"title":"A TMS32010 based near optimized pulse width modulated waveform generator","authors":"R. Chance, J. Taufiq","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25167","url":null,"abstract":"A description is given of a system for dynamically calculating optimized pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) waveforms for use with voltage-source-inverter-fed induction motor drives in railway traction applications. A TMS32010 signal processing microprocessor, capable of fast arithmetic, is interfaced to novel random-access memory-based waveform-generating hardware. This provides the capability of control line waveform detail that is impossible with more conventional microprocessor-based systems. Although the authors concentrate on the implementation of a particular algorithm, the design can implement variable pulse widths in multiphase systems and in real time. An important aspect of this work is the role played by microprocessor simulation in testing the design.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121214081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The task of designing a gate-array-based, dedicated, three-phase PWM (pulsewidth-modulated) modulator for electric drive control is addressed. A novel slope-modulated PWM strategy is presented. Sine-wave and square-wave signal references, under several operating modes, are used to demonstrate the modulation properties. Performance parameters, such as reliable inverter switching, minimum on/off times, peak inverter switching frequency, total harmonic distortion, and pulse dropping are described. The modulator is shown to generate high-resolution PWM waveforms, with excellent performance when a variable-frequency ratio strategy is used with a sine-wave reference signal. The square-wave reference signal uses less complex digital circuitry, with a reliable operation of the inverter bridge.<>
{"title":"A new 'slope-modulated' PWM strategy for implementation in a single chip gate array","authors":"John C. Salmon","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25091","url":null,"abstract":"The task of designing a gate-array-based, dedicated, three-phase PWM (pulsewidth-modulated) modulator for electric drive control is addressed. A novel slope-modulated PWM strategy is presented. Sine-wave and square-wave signal references, under several operating modes, are used to demonstrate the modulation properties. Performance parameters, such as reliable inverter switching, minimum on/off times, peak inverter switching frequency, total harmonic distortion, and pulse dropping are described. The modulator is shown to generate high-resolution PWM waveforms, with excellent performance when a variable-frequency ratio strategy is used with a sine-wave reference signal. The square-wave reference signal uses less complex digital circuitry, with a reliable operation of the inverter bridge.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121245024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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