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Phraseological units with head words designating watercraft in Bulgarian and Greek 用保加利亚语和希腊语表示船只的词头词的词组单位
R. Nikolova
This paper compares phraseological units denoting watercraft in Bulgarian and Greek, by considering their forms and semantics. This analysis allows linguistic and ethno-psycholinguistic conclusions to be drawn about these two Balkan nations. For phraseologisms with the same head words in both languages, complete and partial similarities are observed. However, a far greater number of phraseological units are found in Greek alone, which can be explained by the fact that, in comparison to Bulgaria, sailing is a common occupation in Greece. A semantic classification reveals that most phraseologisms are significantly personally oriented; in addition, it offers insight into specific features of the world views of Greeks and Bulgarians.
本文比较了保加利亚语和希腊语中表示船舶的用语单位的形式和语义。通过这种分析,可以得出关于这两个巴尔干国家的语言学和民族心理语言学的结论。对于两种语言中具有相同首词的短语,可以观察到完全相似和部分相似。然而,仅在希腊语中就发现了更多的短语单位,这可以解释为,与保加利亚相比,帆船在希腊是一项常见的职业。语义分类表明,大多数短语具有明显的个人导向;此外,它还提供了对希腊人和保加利亚人世界观的具体特征的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Speech-communicative skills in the structure of predictive competence of young schoolchildren with sensory disorders 感觉障碍学童预测能力结构中的言语交际技巧
I. Nigmatullina, Viktoriya Jurevna Dadakina
The relevance of this research is determined by the fact that, until now, the issues concerning the study of prognostic competence in speech activity of young schoolchildren with sensory disorders have not been sufficiently studied. This determines the purpose of this study: to identify the main directions of development of speech-communicative function of prognostic competence in children of primary school age with sensory impairments with consideration of the identified specific features. The fundamental method of the study is the analysis of researches studying the speech-communicative skills of primary school age children in the structure of prognostic competence as a condition for their successful socialization, the method of experiment, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the obtained data with the use of mathematical statistics. The experiment involved 43 younger schoolchildren with sensory impairments and 50 younger schoolchildren with no disorders. The study was carried out in educational institutions for children with disabilities and for normotypical children located in Kazan. The research used the methodology called “The ability to predict in situations of potential or real violation of a social norm” which was developed by academic staff of the department of defectology and clinical psychology of K(VR)FU. The experiment revealed that speech-communication function in younger schoolchildren with sensory impairments is formed insufficiently. The answers of respondents are characterized by minimal verbalization of the forecasts in the form of a simple non-extended monosyllabic sentence or in the form of listing of different verbs, be the poverty of speech-language means, by the absence of other participants in the forecasts, and by the use of verbs of present or past tenses. In addition, respondents had low values in almost all spheres of relations, namely in the area of attitudes toward learning, relationships with peers, in the sphere of communication with adults, in virtual communication, in the spheres of attitude towards illness and relationships in the family. These data indicate low level of formation of the speech-communicative function of predictive competence in younger schoolchildren with visual and hearing disorders. The analysis of data helped to develop the program of correctional work on the development of the speech-communicative function of predictive competence in younger schoolchildren with sensory disorders. The program uses prognostic tasks presented in forms for recording the answers in the form of pictures. All tasks are divided into 6 areas, which turn out to be the most significant ones for younger schoolchildren with sensory disorders. Each unit consists of three prognostic tasks which the subject is offered to complete. The answers are given orally; the experimenter records the answers of younger schoolchildren in the forms. The results of the research let us to outline the areas for further research in th
这项研究的相关性是由这样一个事实决定的,即到目前为止,有关感觉障碍幼儿言语活动预测能力研究的问题还没有得到充分的研究。这就决定了本研究的目的:结合识别出的具体特征,确定小学适龄感觉障碍儿童预后能力言语交际功能发展的主要方向。本研究的基本方法是在预测能力结构中对小学学龄儿童言语交际能力作为其成功社会化条件的研究进行分析,采用实验方法,利用数理统计对所获得的数据进行定量和定性分析。实验对象包括43名有感觉障碍的小学生和50名没有感觉障碍的小学生。这项研究是在喀山的残疾儿童和正常儿童教育机构进行的。该研究使用了由K(VR)FU缺陷学和临床心理学系的学术人员开发的“预测潜在或实际违反社会规范的情况的能力”的方法。实验结果表明,低龄感觉障碍儿童的言语交流功能形成不充分。受访者的回答的特点是预测的语言化程度最低,以简单的非扩展单音节句子的形式或以不同动词列表的形式,言语语言手段的贫乏,在预测中没有其他参与者,以及使用现在时或过去时的动词。此外,受访者在几乎所有关系领域的价值观都很低,即对学习的态度、与同龄人的关系、与成年人的交流、虚拟交流、对疾病的态度和家庭关系。这些数据表明,在有视觉和听力障碍的低年级学童中,预测能力的言语交际功能的形成水平较低。对数据的分析有助于制定对有感觉障碍的低龄学童预测能力的言语交际功能发展的矫正工作计划。该程序使用以表格形式呈现的预测任务,以图片的形式记录答案。所有的任务被划分为6个区域,这些区域对有感觉障碍的低年级学生来说是最重要的。每个单元由三个预测任务组成,受试者被要求完成这些任务。答案是口头给出的;实验者将小学生的答案记录在表格中。研究结果表明,在考虑社会化空间结构的情况下,低龄儿童感觉障碍发展的预测能力有待进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Representation of mental states of field-dependent and field-independent personalities in their subjective experience 场依赖型和场独立型人格在主观体验中的心理状态表征
L. Artishcheva
The relevance of the research is caused by a problem of representation of mental states of a personality in the structure of subjective experience. Successful identification of mental states is determined by the clarity of the images of mental states stored in a person’s experience. The article is aimed at studying the image of the mental state of field-dependent and fieldindependent personalities in “past-present-future” time continuum. The data obtained from the study was statistically processed; content analysis and structural and comparative analysis were used, which allowed to detect the dynamics of intensity of mental states image, the degree of structure organization and consistency. The study revealed that mental states of field-dependent subjects are represented in subjective experience with a more complex structure that persists in the foreseeable future. The structure of the state image of field-independent subjects is less organized and is being destroyed in perspective, i.e. there is no clarity in assessing the states in the expected future. The materials of this article can be useful for more successful interaction with different people, for the process of regulation and control of the course of mental states, as well as for predicting mental states in various situations.
该研究的相关性是由主观经验结构中人格心理状态的表征问题引起的。心理状态的成功识别是由储存在一个人的经验中的心理状态图像的清晰度决定的。本文旨在研究场依赖人格和场独立人格在“过去-现在-未来”时间连续体中的心理状态形象。从研究中获得的数据进行统计处理;采用内容分析和结构对比分析,可以检测心理状态图像强度、结构组织程度和一致性的动态变化。研究表明,场依赖被试的心理状态在主观经验中表现为一种更复杂的结构,这种结构在可预见的未来会持续存在。场独立主体的状态形象结构缺乏组织性,在视角上被破坏,即对预期未来状态的评估不清晰。这篇文章的材料对于更成功地与不同的人互动,对心理状态过程的调节和控制,以及对各种情况下的心理状态的预测都是有用的。
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引用次数: 0
Sociology and epistemology 社会学和认识论
A. Tsvetkov
The thesis I want to raise, or I would rather like to suggest, as a subject of discussion, without rushing into a solid argument in its favor which is inspired intuitively, probably is the result of years of work on epistemological issues, using the sociological perspective for this purpose. In the search for fundamental basis of science and sociology in particular, I am increasingly convinced, that the idea of sociology as a fundamental science could be one of the sequels of epistemology. This probably sounds like a cliché as “any science is epistemology”, but I dare say that there are reasons, background, and it may be said, that the first step was made by the philosophy of positivism and the evolution and formation of sociology as an independent science, but also continued in the tradition of the sociology of knowledge.
我想提出的论点,或者我更愿意提出的论点,作为一个讨论的主题,而不是急于提出一个支持它的可靠的论点,这是直觉上的启发,可能是多年来在认识论问题上工作的结果,为此目的使用了社会学的观点。在寻找科学的基本基础,特别是社会学的基础基础的过程中,我越来越相信,社会学作为一门基础科学的观念可能是认识论的后果之一。这可能听起来像“任何科学都是认识论”的陈词滥调,但我敢说,这是有原因、有背景的,而且可以说,社会学作为一门独立的科学,是由实证主义哲学迈出的第一步,也是在知识社会学的传统中延续下来的。
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引用次数: 0
Contemporary philosophical debate on globalization 当代关于全球化的哲学辩论
T. Petkova
The article aims to present one typology of the numerous theories of globalization, based on the following criteria: (1) genetic (typologisation of position of “start” and the stages of the globalization process); (2) convergent-divergent (typologisation form of the perspective of understanding that globalization leads to homogenization or heterogenization of the worldwide achieved integrity); (3) evaluation (typologisation form of globalization’s assessment); (4) philosophical and anthropological (typologisation form of notions of anthropological consequences from globalization).
本文旨在根据以下标准,提出众多全球化理论的一种类型:(1)遗传学(“起点”位置和全球化进程阶段的类型学);(2)趋同-发散(理解全球化导致世界范围内实现完整性的同质化或异质化的观点的类型化形式);(3)评价(全球化评价的类型化形式);(4)哲学和人类学(全球化对人类学影响概念的类型学形式)。
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引用次数: 0
The importance of visual education in e-learning 视像教育在电子学习中的重要性
Vasiliki Karavakou, Vasileios Neofotistos
In the rapidly changing learning landscape of modern globalization emerging distance learning technologies constitute valuable innovative educational methods that create new possibilities for learning and knowledge. A key feature of the material is the visual representation of information both in print and digital form. The resolution of an image is constructed by (re-) composing the multiple parameters affecting communication. The image is the message in the process. Our motivation for investigating the dynamics of visual culture in relation to the educational material used within e-learning springs from: (a) the specific nature of the information that represents the educational material that is organized and applied in the context of distance learning, and (b) the absence of visual culture in almost all levels of education, which is full of visual representations both in print and digital forms. The structure of the paper develops around two thematic pillars: (a) presenting criteria that examine the appropriateness of visual material of MOOC courses, (b) examination (through bibliographical review) of key visual elements and techniques necessary for the acquisition of skills and the development of visual intelligence through the subject of “History of Art”. In all cases of visual stimuli and all levels of visual intelligence, meaning exists not only in individual representational data and symbolic and verbal material but also in the composing forces coexisting with the actual visual description.
在现代全球化快速变化的学习环境中,新兴的远程学习技术构成了宝贵的创新教育方法,为学习和知识创造了新的可能性。该材料的一个关键特征是以印刷和数字形式对信息进行视觉表示。图像的分辨率是由影响通信的多个参数(重新)组合而成的。图像就是这个过程中的信息。我们研究与电子学习中使用的教育材料相关的视觉文化动态的动机源于:(a)在远程学习背景下组织和应用的代表教育材料的信息的特定性质,以及(b)几乎所有层次的教育中都缺乏视觉文化,这些教育都充满了印刷和数字形式的视觉表现。本文的结构围绕两个主题支柱展开:(a)提出检查MOOC课程视觉材料的适当性的标准,(b)通过“艺术史”这一主题对获得技能和发展视觉智能所必需的关键视觉元素和技术进行检查(通过参考书目审查)。在所有视觉刺激和所有视觉智力水平的情况下,意义不仅存在于个体的表征数据和符号和言语材料中,而且存在于与实际视觉描述共存的构成力中。
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引用次数: 0
Burn-out syndrome and behavior in conflict situations among nurses and doctors 护士和医生在冲突情况下的倦怠综合症和行为
Emelina Valentinova Zaimova-Tsaneva, Tsvetelina Slavchova Hadjieva
Due to its influence on behavior, the burn-out syndrome among nurses and doctors is an actual problem of modern management of medical employees. This study was conducted among 189 nurses and doctors and its aim was to examine the influence of burn-out syndrome on their behavior in conflict situations. The levels of burn-out syndrome and the most common type of behavior in conflict situations in nurses and doctors were studied. The types of behavior in conflict situations could be “competing”, “collaborating”, “compromising”, “avoiding” and “accommodating”, which were measured with the Bulgarian version of The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI). Establishing the level of burn-out among nurses and doctors is necessary for purposeful therapeutic work aimed at developing work-related stress tolerance and for better control of behavior in conflict situations. The presented results show a higher “reduced personal accomplishment” for doctors compared to nurses.
护士和医生的职业倦怠综合症由于其对行为的影响,是现代医疗人员管理中的一个现实问题。本研究对189名护士和医生进行了调查,目的是研究倦怠综合症对他们在冲突情况下的行为的影响。研究了护士和医生在冲突情况下的倦怠综合症水平和最常见的行为类型。冲突情境中的行为类型可以是“竞争”、“合作”、“妥协”、“回避”和“适应”,这是用保加利亚版的托马斯-基尔曼冲突模式量表(TKI)测量的。建立护士和医生的倦怠水平对于有目的的治疗工作是必要的,目的是培养与工作有关的压力耐受性,并更好地控制冲突情况下的行为。所呈现的结果显示,与护士相比,医生的“个人成就感降低”更高。
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引用次数: 0
Political and philosophical discourse on the border between the Caliphate and terrorism – ISIS 关于哈里发国和恐怖主义——ISIS之间边界的政治和哲学论述
V. Chukov
The Islamic terrorism has unleashed the migration wave to Europe from the Middle East countries. On 30 June 2014 the extremist organization the “Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant” (ISIS or ISIL) has announced the establishment of a caliphate. With this act its leaders not only has shocked the region and the world, but also they challenged the contemporary Islamic theologians. As a matter of fact, “khalifa” Abu Bakar al-Baghdadi triggered the most important “takfiri”, apostatizing trend within Muslim world. They formed the dogmatic case which brought to the surface the group as a real entity which has long struggled leadership among the other terrorist formations. After the announcement of the caliphate ISIL, it abolished “Iraq and the Levant” from its name and became only the “Islamic state”, and it does claiming their uniqueness to their competitors. This terrorist organization has had a long history in Iraq. It has appeared on the map of extremist actors of still living former dictator Saddam Hussein. Its “birth date” is about 2000 and its creator is the Jordanian Abu Musaab Zarqawi.
伊斯兰恐怖主义引发了从中东国家到欧洲的移民潮。2014年6月30日,极端组织“伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国”(ISIS或ISIL)宣布建立哈里发国。其领导人的这一举动不仅震惊了该地区和世界,而且挑战了当代伊斯兰神学家。事实上,“哈利法”阿布·巴卡尔·巴格达迪在穆斯林世界引发了最重要的“塔克菲里”(takfiri),即叛教趋势。他们形成了教条式的案例,使该组织作为一个真正的实体浮出水面,长期以来一直与其他恐怖主义组织争夺领导权。“伊斯兰国”宣布成立哈里发国后,将“伊拉克和黎凡特”从名称中删除,改为“伊斯兰国”,并在竞争对手面前彰显自己的独特性。这个恐怖组织在伊拉克有着悠久的历史。它已经出现在仍然活着的前独裁者萨达姆·侯赛因的极端主义演员的地图上。它的“出生日期”大约是2000年,它的创造者是约旦人阿布·穆萨布·扎卡维。
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引用次数: 2
EU information policy as a factor of sustainable development 欧盟信息政策作为可持续发展的一个因素
E. Dimova
EU information policy emerged only in the mid-1980s as a set of mutually related strands and policy decisions. Two levels of information policy are essentially developed. One is related to the information society and its infrastructure, and the other to access to information. Apart from the focus of the information industry, ranging from telecommunications, the Internet and e-services, the problem of information policy and the global information society is related to macro, micro and meso-economic levels. Here is the link with the sustainable development strategy. Sustainable development is seen not only in the narrow sense of the word as an element of environmental and regional policies, but also in the possible broader view – as a principle of responsible governance for achieving social cohesion, as one of the possibilities for the EU to consolidate internally with aid from the information policy, despite strong centrifugal trends in European integration. At a time when the EU is moving into a new phase of political integration, there is a need for an open debate on the finality, structure and political scope of reunification. From what trends will prevail – decentralization or vice versa – the consolidation depends on the future of the world and its development.
欧盟的信息政策只是在20世纪80年代中期作为一套相互关联的分支和政策决定而出现的。信息政策基本上分为两个层次。一个与信息社会及其基础设施有关,另一个与信息获取有关。除了电信、互联网和电子服务等信息产业的重点外,信息政策和全球信息社会的问题涉及宏观、微观和中观经济层面。这是与可持续发展战略的联系。可持续发展不仅在狭义上被视为环境和区域政策的一个要素,而且在可能的更广泛的观点中-作为实现社会凝聚力的负责任治理原则,作为欧盟在信息政策援助下内部巩固的可能性之一,尽管欧洲一体化的离心趋势很强。在欧盟进入政治一体化的新阶段之际,有必要就统一的最终结果、结构和政治范围展开公开辩论。从什么趋势将占上风- -权力下放或反之亦然- -巩固取决于世界的未来及其发展。
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引用次数: 0
Development of the flute from pre-history to modern days 从史前到现代长笛的发展
L. Fader
A flute is a “keyed woodwind instrument consisting of a cylindrical tube which is stopped at one end, and which has a side hole over which air is blown to produce the tone”, as defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary. Unfortunately, this definition is only true of modern flutes. The first flutes were simple pieces of bone that had been fashioned with drilled holes. These prehistoric flutes have been discovered as artifacts in many places around the world. However, through time keys were added to expand the note range of the instrument, and to improve the intonation of the notes that were played. These improvements were added slowly, but as interest in the instrument grew, so did new ideas about its technical properties. In this paper I discuss how the flute progresses through time from a simple bone to the metal-keyed instruments of
根据《韦氏词典》的定义,长笛是一种“有键的木管乐器,由一端停止的圆柱形管组成,圆柱形管的一侧有一个孔,空气通过孔吹出音调”。不幸的是,这个定义只适用于现代长笛。最早的笛子是一些简单的骨头,上面打了孔。这些史前笛子在世界各地的许多地方都被发现是人工制品。然而,通过时间键被添加,以扩大乐器的音符范围,并改善所演奏的音符的语调。这些改进进展缓慢,但随着人们对乐器兴趣的增长,有关其技术特性的新想法也越来越多。在本文中,我讨论了长笛是如何随着时间的推移从一个简单的骨头发展到金属键乐器的
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引用次数: 0
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2nd International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences: Conference Proceedings
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