Pub Date : 2008-03-27DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510351
Ville Syrjälä, M. Valkama, M. Renfors
In this paper, the applicability of advanced direct RF sampling receiver architecture is studied in the GNSS environment. The architecture is based on sampling the signal directly at RF, which in the GNSS case is in the 1.5 GHz range. The high-frequencies in the signal to be sampled pose then very high demands for the accuracy and quality of the sampling process, and thus quantization and especially the timing jitter aspects must be considered in detail. Both system calculations as well as computer simulations are used to assess the essential requirements for the sampling process. In summary, the study shows that the quantization and jitter requirements are in principle feasible when the pre-sampling filtering is done properly.
{"title":"Design considerations for direct RF sampling receiver in GNSS environment","authors":"Ville Syrjälä, M. Valkama, M. Renfors","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510351","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the applicability of advanced direct RF sampling receiver architecture is studied in the GNSS environment. The architecture is based on sampling the signal directly at RF, which in the GNSS case is in the 1.5 GHz range. The high-frequencies in the signal to be sampled pose then very high demands for the accuracy and quality of the sampling process, and thus quantization and especially the timing jitter aspects must be considered in detail. Both system calculations as well as computer simulations are used to assess the essential requirements for the sampling process. In summary, the study shows that the quantization and jitter requirements are in principle feasible when the pre-sampling filtering is done properly.","PeriodicalId":277539,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123156677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-27DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510386
C. Lima, G. Abreu
This contribution proposes and investigates a random access Medium Access Control (MAC) - Relay Selection Mechanism - for cluster-based geographic routing in Multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The intertwined MAC and network routing solution is derived in a cross-layer approach. The game-theoretical relay selection strategy (random multiple access) relies on well-known descending pricing auctions also known as "Dutch Auctions". In particular, successive rounds of Dutch auctions are employed to deal with contention avoidance and contention resolution stages of the non-cooperative games between source and relay nodes. If a non-empty auction round has no winner (due to collision), the source starts a new round with a signaling packet containing an indication of collision. Consequently, at each round relay candidates are able to infer on their location relative to other potential relays, based on which they can choose to drop out or continue their bidding. The strategy, which is fully distributed and eliminates the need for the source to know the number of potential relays a priori, proves very efficient, approaching the performance of an ideal scheduled-based Random Selection Algorithm (RSA). The performance of our previously proposed cluster-based geographic routing employing this RSA is investigated using an event-driven network simulation, in a scenario with a topological dead-end hole. The results indicate that the combined techniques can retain a substantial portion of the Packet Delivery Success Ratio (PDSR) associated with a system with perfect relay selection.
{"title":"Game-theoretical Relay Selection strategy for geographic routing in Multi-hop WSNs","authors":"C. Lima, G. Abreu","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510386","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution proposes and investigates a random access Medium Access Control (MAC) - Relay Selection Mechanism - for cluster-based geographic routing in Multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The intertwined MAC and network routing solution is derived in a cross-layer approach. The game-theoretical relay selection strategy (random multiple access) relies on well-known descending pricing auctions also known as \"Dutch Auctions\". In particular, successive rounds of Dutch auctions are employed to deal with contention avoidance and contention resolution stages of the non-cooperative games between source and relay nodes. If a non-empty auction round has no winner (due to collision), the source starts a new round with a signaling packet containing an indication of collision. Consequently, at each round relay candidates are able to infer on their location relative to other potential relays, based on which they can choose to drop out or continue their bidding. The strategy, which is fully distributed and eliminates the need for the source to know the number of potential relays a priori, proves very efficient, approaching the performance of an ideal scheduled-based Random Selection Algorithm (RSA). The performance of our previously proposed cluster-based geographic routing employing this RSA is investigated using an event-driven network simulation, in a scenario with a topological dead-end hole. The results indicate that the combined techniques can retain a substantial portion of the Packet Delivery Success Ratio (PDSR) associated with a system with perfect relay selection.","PeriodicalId":277539,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116070048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-27DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510368
D. Odijk, F. Kleijer
Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands is one of the main airports of Europe. To improve the airport's procedures reliable and accurate positioning information is required. This paper investigates whether GPS (or in general) GNSS can provide such positioning information. Schiphol Airport is a challenging environment for satellite-based positioning, because the area is densely built, and GNSS signals should be received inside the buildings as well, enabling indoor location based services. Several experiments using a low-cost receiver have been carried out to investigate the performance of GPS. Outdoors near the piers the position availability is very good: even at locations under passing the piers sufficient satellites are tracked to compute positions. Indoors the availability of GPS really depends on the characteristics of the building. Multipath errors can degrade the position accuracy significantly. The main conclusion reads that due to a lack of availability indoors, location based services at Schiphol Airport should not rely on GNSS only as source of their positioning information.
{"title":"Can GPS be used for Location Based Services at Schiphol Airport, the Netherlands?","authors":"D. Odijk, F. Kleijer","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510368","url":null,"abstract":"Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands is one of the main airports of Europe. To improve the airport's procedures reliable and accurate positioning information is required. This paper investigates whether GPS (or in general) GNSS can provide such positioning information. Schiphol Airport is a challenging environment for satellite-based positioning, because the area is densely built, and GNSS signals should be received inside the buildings as well, enabling indoor location based services. Several experiments using a low-cost receiver have been carried out to investigate the performance of GPS. Outdoors near the piers the position availability is very good: even at locations under passing the piers sufficient satellites are tracked to compute positions. Indoors the availability of GPS really depends on the characteristics of the building. Multipath errors can degrade the position accuracy significantly. The main conclusion reads that due to a lack of availability indoors, location based services at Schiphol Airport should not rely on GNSS only as source of their positioning information.","PeriodicalId":277539,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121200275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-27DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510352
M. Llombart, M. Ciurana, F. Barceló
TOA-based methods represent an interesting alternative to overcome important constraints of the existing fingerprinting solutions to locate WiFi devices indoors, especially in terms of accuracy, stability and quick deployment. However, in some situations the scalability of TOA-based methods to large number of users is expected to be degraded because of the traffic generated by the positioning process. This paper describes the architecture of a novel TOA-based WiFi location system and as main contribution presents an assessment of the system's scalability considering different location-based services and scenarios. Achieved results show that system is viable even in scenarios with a high density of terminals and allows reconsidering some system design issues in order to improve the quality of the positioning service.
{"title":"On the scalability of a novel WLAN positioning system based on time of arrival measurements","authors":"M. Llombart, M. Ciurana, F. Barceló","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510352","url":null,"abstract":"TOA-based methods represent an interesting alternative to overcome important constraints of the existing fingerprinting solutions to locate WiFi devices indoors, especially in terms of accuracy, stability and quick deployment. However, in some situations the scalability of TOA-based methods to large number of users is expected to be degraded because of the traffic generated by the positioning process. This paper describes the architecture of a novel TOA-based WiFi location system and as main contribution presents an assessment of the system's scalability considering different location-based services and scenarios. Achieved results show that system is viable even in scenarios with a high density of terminals and allows reconsidering some system design issues in order to improve the quality of the positioning service.","PeriodicalId":277539,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114794568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-27DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510384
G. Fischer, O. Klymenko, D. Martynenko
This paper describes the extension to a noncoherent impulse radio (IR) ultra-wide band (UWB) transceiver for precise time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements. The extension provides a time resolution of 260 picoseconds, which allows a precise indoor localization. The concept of this extension is especially dedicated to the known drawbacks of energy detection (non-coherent) receivers. The discussion of the implementation issues reveals that the employment of differential emitter- coupled-logic (ECL) circuitry in a BiCMOS design is a good candidate to achieve the expected localization performance in the decimeter range. Finally, recent measurement results can show a proof of that concept.
{"title":"Time-of-Arrival measurement extension to a non-coherent impulse radio UWB transceiver","authors":"G. Fischer, O. Klymenko, D. Martynenko","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510384","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the extension to a noncoherent impulse radio (IR) ultra-wide band (UWB) transceiver for precise time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements. The extension provides a time resolution of 260 picoseconds, which allows a precise indoor localization. The concept of this extension is especially dedicated to the known drawbacks of energy detection (non-coherent) receivers. The discussion of the implementation issues reveals that the employment of differential emitter- coupled-logic (ECL) circuitry in a BiCMOS design is a good candidate to achieve the expected localization performance in the decimeter range. Finally, recent measurement results can show a proof of that concept.","PeriodicalId":277539,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132696787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-27DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510353
Damian Kelly, S. McLoone, T. Dishongh, M. McGrath, J. Behan
There is a steady increase in the importance placed on location based systems, particularly in the field of elder care. The focus of this paper is on the development of a single access point indoor location tracking system. It is believed that with a single access point localisation system, room-level location accuracy can be reliably achieved. This paper will introduce such a localisation method and provide the basis for its functioning.
{"title":"Single access point location tracking for in-home health monitoring","authors":"Damian Kelly, S. McLoone, T. Dishongh, M. McGrath, J. Behan","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510353","url":null,"abstract":"There is a steady increase in the importance placed on location based systems, particularly in the field of elder care. The focus of this paper is on the development of a single access point indoor location tracking system. It is believed that with a single access point localisation system, room-level location accuracy can be reliably achieved. This paper will introduce such a localisation method and provide the basis for its functioning.","PeriodicalId":277539,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116303281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-27DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510375
Sigal Elnekave, Mark Last, O. Maimon, Y. Ben-Shimol, H. Einsiedler, M. Friedman, Matthias Siebert
As technology advances, detailed data on the position of moving objects, such as humans and vehicles is available. In order to discover groups of mobile objects that usually move in similar ways we propose an incremental clustering algorithm that clusters mobile objects according to similarity of their movement patterns. The proposed clustering algorithm uses a new, "data-amount-based" similarity measure between mobile trajectories. The clustering algorithm is evaluated on two spatio-temporal datasets using clustering validity measures.
{"title":"Discovering regular groups of mobile objects using incremental clustering","authors":"Sigal Elnekave, Mark Last, O. Maimon, Y. Ben-Shimol, H. Einsiedler, M. Friedman, Matthias Siebert","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510375","url":null,"abstract":"As technology advances, detailed data on the position of moving objects, such as humans and vehicles is available. In order to discover groups of mobile objects that usually move in similar ways we propose an incremental clustering algorithm that clusters mobile objects according to similarity of their movement patterns. The proposed clustering algorithm uses a new, \"data-amount-based\" similarity measure between mobile trajectories. The clustering algorithm is evaluated on two spatio-temporal datasets using clustering validity measures.","PeriodicalId":277539,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121330936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-27DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510363
C. Laderrière, M. Heddebaut, J. B. Prost, A. Rivenq, F. Elbahhar, J. Rouvaen
Recently, new standards have emerged in the telecommunication industry. These standards provide an open global specification that enables mobile devices to access and interact with information and services instantly. Paving the way to the emergence of new added-values services, these devices require more and more a localization agent. When deployed, these wireless resources have to operate in non-stationary propagation conditions and from outdoors to indoors. This paper concentrates on the evaluation of UWB radio signals used for localization, in presence of moving people modifying the indoor propagation channel. Different frequencies, bandwidths and densities of moving people are considered. Impacts of these parameters are evaluated on two different ranging methods: time of arrival (TOA) based and received signal strength (RSS) based.
{"title":"Wide-band indoor localization effectiveness in presence of moving people","authors":"C. Laderrière, M. Heddebaut, J. B. Prost, A. Rivenq, F. Elbahhar, J. Rouvaen","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510363","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, new standards have emerged in the telecommunication industry. These standards provide an open global specification that enables mobile devices to access and interact with information and services instantly. Paving the way to the emergence of new added-values services, these devices require more and more a localization agent. When deployed, these wireless resources have to operate in non-stationary propagation conditions and from outdoors to indoors. This paper concentrates on the evaluation of UWB radio signals used for localization, in presence of moving people modifying the indoor propagation channel. Different frequencies, bandwidths and densities of moving people are considered. Impacts of these parameters are evaluated on two different ranging methods: time of arrival (TOA) based and received signal strength (RSS) based.","PeriodicalId":277539,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","volume":"481 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133665607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-27DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510374
M. Tanigawa, H. Luinge, L. Schipper, P. Slycke
We demonstrate a low-cost, low-power, and small form factor solution to drift-free high-resolution vertical positioning by fusing MEMS accelerometers with MEMS barometric altimeter. In this system, the highly responsive but drift-prone aspect of the MEMS accelerometers is stabilized by barometric altimeter and high-fidelity height tracking is achieved. Typical vertical human movements such as walking up or down a staircase can be tracked in real-time with this system. The height tracking performance is benchmarked against a reference system using a tactical-grade IMU and an error analysis is performed.
{"title":"Drift-free dynamic height sensor using MEMS IMU aided by MEMS pressure sensor","authors":"M. Tanigawa, H. Luinge, L. Schipper, P. Slycke","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510374","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a low-cost, low-power, and small form factor solution to drift-free high-resolution vertical positioning by fusing MEMS accelerometers with MEMS barometric altimeter. In this system, the highly responsive but drift-prone aspect of the MEMS accelerometers is stabilized by barometric altimeter and high-fidelity height tracking is achieved. Typical vertical human movements such as walking up or down a staircase can be tracked in real-time with this system. The height tracking performance is benchmarked against a reference system using a tactical-grade IMU and an error analysis is performed.","PeriodicalId":277539,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134031493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-27DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510359
Guowei Shen, R. Zetik, R. Thomä
In this paper, various positioning algorithms for range-based TOA and TDOA localization have been analyzed, which include the analytical method, least square method, approximate maximum likelihood method, Taylor series method, two-stage maximum likelihood method and genetic algorithm. The assumed scenario is an overdetermined system in a 3D space under line of sight (LOS) situation and a number of sensor nodes placed arbitrarily across this area. The performance of the algorithms has been compared in the assumed scenario. Both the average error and the failure rate have been investigated in terms of the number of reference nodes and the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the range estimation.
{"title":"Performance comparison of TOA and TDOA based location estimation algorithms in LOS environment","authors":"Guowei Shen, R. Zetik, R. Thomä","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2008.4510359","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, various positioning algorithms for range-based TOA and TDOA localization have been analyzed, which include the analytical method, least square method, approximate maximum likelihood method, Taylor series method, two-stage maximum likelihood method and genetic algorithm. The assumed scenario is an overdetermined system in a 3D space under line of sight (LOS) situation and a number of sensor nodes placed arbitrarily across this area. The performance of the algorithms has been compared in the assumed scenario. Both the average error and the failure rate have been investigated in terms of the number of reference nodes and the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the range estimation.","PeriodicalId":277539,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133390093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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