Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.37394/232033.2024.2.12
Sayo A. Akinwumi, Blessing N. Oscar, N. Mastorakis, O. W. Ayanbisi, Olutade F. Oladapo, E. I. Ogunwale
The construction of a biogas digester is the main emphasis of this project. Biogas is a mixture of gases created during the anaerobic decomposition of organic material, including food waste, animal waste, sewage, and waste from farms and plants. One of the major causes is environmental degradation, which has emerged to be the greatest threat to the health of the environment and the economy of the underdeveloped areas. But with the discovery and application of biogas which is a gaseous fuel obtained from biomass by the process of anaerobic digestion, most problems are resolved. The project’s aim is to create a biogas digester that leverages animal manure to generate biogas for usage at Covenant University. The digester selected for construction is a barrel drum digester for the production of biogas using cow dung. The cow dung was tested for a total of 14 days, during which the days of gas production and digestion were observed, and the biogas was then tested with the gas and temperature sensor and was confirmed to detect gas and temperature.
{"title":"Construction of a Biogas Digester Using Gas and Temperature Sensor","authors":"Sayo A. Akinwumi, Blessing N. Oscar, N. Mastorakis, O. W. Ayanbisi, Olutade F. Oladapo, E. I. Ogunwale","doi":"10.37394/232033.2024.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232033.2024.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of a biogas digester is the main emphasis of this project. Biogas is a mixture of gases created during the anaerobic decomposition of organic material, including food waste, animal waste, sewage, and waste from farms and plants. One of the major causes is environmental degradation, which has emerged to be the greatest threat to the health of the environment and the economy of the underdeveloped areas. But with the discovery and application of biogas which is a gaseous fuel obtained from biomass by the process of anaerobic digestion, most problems are resolved. The project’s aim is to create a biogas digester that leverages animal manure to generate biogas for usage at Covenant University. The digester selected for construction is a barrel drum digester for the production of biogas using cow dung. The cow dung was tested for a total of 14 days, during which the days of gas production and digestion were observed, and the biogas was then tested with the gas and temperature sensor and was confirmed to detect gas and temperature.","PeriodicalId":277698,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Development","volume":"42 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.37394/232033.2024.2.7
Anders S. G. Andrae
Particular Information and Communication Technology (ICT) services can help avoid environmental impact in larger contexts. However, there is no commonly agreed bottom-up methodology for calculation of the total net reduction effect of specific digital ICT services. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a common denominator for most methodologies. The most common method is the Attributional LCA (ALCA), and recently the emerging handprint ALCA estimating so-called positive environmental impacts. Moreover, Consequential LCA (CLCA) can be used to capture market effects. The third conceptual approach is Input-Output LCA. The purpose is to propose and test a new method based on some of the existing ones. The existing concepts are compared and a synthesis is made to create a practical but still useful method. The new method is applied to two illustrative cases in the ICT domain; the introduction of a 5G enabled drone for pipe inspection and the 5G enabled health consultation. Compared to simplified ALCA, the difference between the absolute scores for the baseline system and the target system changes around 10% when the proposed simplified CLCA (SCLCA) method is used. The results show that SCLCA, when combined with analytical methods for expressing digital ICT services’ own impact, is a fruitful approach which is both practical and feasible. The new method includes formulae for calculating the total lifetime environmental impact of a specific ICT Equipment when reused or replaced.
{"title":"Method for Calculating the Avoided Impact of Specific Information and Communication Technology Services","authors":"Anders S. G. Andrae","doi":"10.37394/232033.2024.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232033.2024.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Particular Information and Communication Technology (ICT) services can help avoid environmental impact in larger contexts. However, there is no commonly agreed bottom-up methodology for calculation of the total net reduction effect of specific digital ICT services. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a common denominator for most methodologies. The most common method is the Attributional LCA (ALCA), and recently the emerging handprint ALCA estimating so-called positive environmental impacts. Moreover, Consequential LCA (CLCA) can be used to capture market effects. The third conceptual approach is Input-Output LCA. The purpose is to propose and test a new method based on some of the existing ones. The existing concepts are compared and a synthesis is made to create a practical but still useful method. The new method is applied to two illustrative cases in the ICT domain; the introduction of a 5G enabled drone for pipe inspection and the 5G enabled health consultation. Compared to simplified ALCA, the difference between the absolute scores for the baseline system and the target system changes around 10% when the proposed simplified CLCA (SCLCA) method is used. The results show that SCLCA, when combined with analytical methods for expressing digital ICT services’ own impact, is a fruitful approach which is both practical and feasible. The new method includes formulae for calculating the total lifetime environmental impact of a specific ICT Equipment when reused or replaced.","PeriodicalId":277698,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Development","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140229215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.37394/232033.2024.2.8
Christos Tzimopoulos, George Papaevangelou
In the permanent flow of subsoil drainage, a lot of equations are used, most of them based on the Dupuit assumption. All related mathematical models present uncertainties and fuzziness, which create problems in the design of drainage networks. Fuzzy Logic deals with this problem and allows the management of uncertain information. This paper presents the solution of the Hooghout equation based on Fuzzy Logic and Possibility theories, using the Reduced Transformation Method for the related numerical calculations. This results in a fuzzy estimator for the drain spacing, whose α-cuts, provide, according to Possibility Theory, the confidence intervals of the drain spacing with a certain strong probability. Results on subsoil drainage in the case of soils with parallel drains located at any position from the impermeable bottom are presented. The possibility theory application enables the engineers and designers of irrigation, drainage, and water resources projects to gain knowledge of hydraulic properties (e.g., water level, outflow volume) and make the right decision for rational and productive engineering studies.
{"title":"Fuzzy Estimators of Drain spacing in Subsoil Drainage using Fuzzy Logic and Possibility Theories","authors":"Christos Tzimopoulos, George Papaevangelou","doi":"10.37394/232033.2024.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232033.2024.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"In the permanent flow of subsoil drainage, a lot of equations are used, most of them based on the Dupuit assumption. All related mathematical models present uncertainties and fuzziness, which create problems in the design of drainage networks. Fuzzy Logic deals with this problem and allows the management of uncertain information. This paper presents the solution of the Hooghout equation based on Fuzzy Logic and Possibility theories, using the Reduced Transformation Method for the related numerical calculations. This results in a fuzzy estimator for the drain spacing, whose α-cuts, provide, according to Possibility Theory, the confidence intervals of the drain spacing with a certain strong probability. Results on subsoil drainage in the case of soils with parallel drains located at any position from the impermeable bottom are presented. The possibility theory application enables the engineers and designers of irrigation, drainage, and water resources projects to gain knowledge of hydraulic properties (e.g., water level, outflow volume) and make the right decision for rational and productive engineering studies.","PeriodicalId":277698,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Development","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140229566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.37394/232033.2024.2.5
I. Malollari, R. Buzo, Anna Taka
Biological treatment with activated sludge as an alternative treatment was studied, and nitrogen and phosphorus were monitored. This scheme involves modifying the treatment tank by dividing it into anoxic and aerobic sections. According to this scheme, the process simulation was performed using Hydromantis' GPS-X 7.0 computer software. Wastewater discharges are usually generated by various industrial activities such as the milk (dairy) processing industry, petroleum processing refineries and slaughterhouses, which were studied in detail. The economic evaluation (cost estimation) of removing nutrients has been done using the CapdetWorks 4.0 computer simulation software. A cost sensitivity analysis has also been performed for the variable influent flows, altering the alpha factor for oxygen transfer during the aeration process and serving as a typical variable. The simulation procedure and economic evaluation have been carried out for a complete wastewater treatment plant, including both treatment lines (the water line and the sludge line simultaneously), and the derived results have been represented through illustrated graphs, tables, and meaningful diagrams.
{"title":"Nutrient Removal from Industrial Wastewater Systems Using Controlled Activated Sludge Treatment","authors":"I. Malollari, R. Buzo, Anna Taka","doi":"10.37394/232033.2024.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232033.2024.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Biological treatment with activated sludge as an alternative treatment was studied, and nitrogen and phosphorus were monitored. This scheme involves modifying the treatment tank by dividing it into anoxic and aerobic sections. According to this scheme, the process simulation was performed using Hydromantis' GPS-X 7.0 computer software. Wastewater discharges are usually generated by various industrial activities such as the milk (dairy) processing industry, petroleum processing refineries and slaughterhouses, which were studied in detail. The economic evaluation (cost estimation) of removing nutrients has been done using the CapdetWorks 4.0 computer simulation software. A cost sensitivity analysis has also been performed for the variable influent flows, altering the alpha factor for oxygen transfer during the aeration process and serving as a typical variable. The simulation procedure and economic evaluation have been carried out for a complete wastewater treatment plant, including both treatment lines (the water line and the sludge line simultaneously), and the derived results have been represented through illustrated graphs, tables, and meaningful diagrams.","PeriodicalId":277698,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Development","volume":"5 s1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.37394/232033.2024.2.1
S. Makhmadjanov, L. Tokhetova, N. Daurenbek, A. M. Tagaev, A. Kostakov
The Turkestan region is a cotton-growing zone in the south of Kazakhstan, which is the northernmost cotton-growing zone in the world. 115-125 thousand hectares of medium-staple cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are cultivated here annually, of which 80-85 thousand hectares are sown in the Maktaaral and Zhetysay districts. This region is highly susceptible to salinity, drought, invasion of dangerous pests (cotton budworm, beet borer, spider mites, aphids), and diseases (fusarium blight (wilt), gummosis). Considering the high salt content in the arable soil horizon, the aridity of the climate of the Turkestan region are the main limiting factor of the region, and selection and genetic methods is the most effective and economical way to reduce their negative impacts on cultivated vegetation, then research work on the study and creation of new resistant cotton varieties in these soil and climatic conditions are relevant. Considering all the above problems, scientists of the Agricultural Experimental Station of Cotton and Melon Growing LLP have set themselves the goal of creating heat- and drought-resistant, precocious cotton varieties with high productivity, resistance to salinization, diseases, pests, possessing high technological qualities as the yield and quality of fiber of types III-IV, based on previously obtained ones during hybridization of intraspecific and interspecific lines of families. For 30 years, scientist-breeders of Kazakhstan have created 13 varieties of medium-fiber cotton, of which 8 are approved for use in the Turkestan region in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research method is based on hybridization, multiple selection, and testing of offspring by the half method, according to the full diallel scheme (first Griffing model for F1). The created seven varieties PA-3031, PA-3044, M-4005, M-4007, M-4011, Bereke-07, Myrzashol-80, and M-4017 are zoned for more than 92% of the acreage in cotton-growing farms in the south of Kazakhstan, for the variety M-5027, which is resistant to pests, the patent has been issued 2021 and in 2022 it is planned to enter it into the register of approved varieties.
{"title":"Selection of Cotton Varieties in a Competitive Nursery in the South of Kazakhstan","authors":"S. Makhmadjanov, L. Tokhetova, N. Daurenbek, A. M. Tagaev, A. Kostakov","doi":"10.37394/232033.2024.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232033.2024.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Turkestan region is a cotton-growing zone in the south of Kazakhstan, which is the northernmost cotton-growing zone in the world. 115-125 thousand hectares of medium-staple cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are cultivated here annually, of which 80-85 thousand hectares are sown in the Maktaaral and Zhetysay districts. This region is highly susceptible to salinity, drought, invasion of dangerous pests (cotton budworm, beet borer, spider mites, aphids), and diseases (fusarium blight (wilt), gummosis). Considering the high salt content in the arable soil horizon, the aridity of the climate of the Turkestan region are the main limiting factor of the region, and selection and genetic methods is the most effective and economical way to reduce their negative impacts on cultivated vegetation, then research work on the study and creation of new resistant cotton varieties in these soil and climatic conditions are relevant. Considering all the above problems, scientists of the Agricultural Experimental Station of Cotton and Melon Growing LLP have set themselves the goal of creating heat- and drought-resistant, precocious cotton varieties with high productivity, resistance to salinization, diseases, pests, possessing high technological qualities as the yield and quality of fiber of types III-IV, based on previously obtained ones during hybridization of intraspecific and interspecific lines of families. For 30 years, scientist-breeders of Kazakhstan have created 13 varieties of medium-fiber cotton, of which 8 are approved for use in the Turkestan region in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research method is based on hybridization, multiple selection, and testing of offspring by the half method, according to the full diallel scheme (first Griffing model for F1). The created seven varieties PA-3031, PA-3044, M-4005, M-4007, M-4011, Bereke-07, Myrzashol-80, and M-4017 are zoned for more than 92% of the acreage in cotton-growing farms in the south of Kazakhstan, for the variety M-5027, which is resistant to pests, the patent has been issued 2021 and in 2022 it is planned to enter it into the register of approved varieties.","PeriodicalId":277698,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Development","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.37394/232033.2023.1.23
A. Gad, Rania Mansour
In Egypt, the phenomenon of desertification is a geographical phenomenon that is related to the decline or deterioration of the land's biological production capacity, which will eventually result in semi-desert conditions, or, in other words, the loss of fertility from productive lands. An understanding of the geographical distribution of environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) is necessary for sustainable land use in the dry lands. The characteristics of the research region and the Mediterranean desertification and land use (MEDALUS) approach were used to evaluate the environmental sensitivity to desertification on the west-north coast of Egypt. Remote sensing images, topographic data, soils, and geological data are used to calculate desertification indicators. A hotspot of desertification risk exists on the north coast of Egypt due to soil degradation, climatic conditions, geomorphological and topographic features, soil quality and soil uses in each area. In each of these areas, these variables lead to varying levels and causes of soil degradation and desertification, as well as varying environmental, economic, and social effects. The obtained data reveal that (10.6%, 82.73%) of the west north coast are Sensitive and Very sensitive areas to desertification, About 1.22% of the research area is the moderately sensitive area, while the low sensitive and very low exhibit only (4.21,1.48) %. Remote sensing and GIS are recommended to monitor sensitivity. MEDALUS factors can be modified to obtain more reliable data at the local level.
{"title":"Index Integrating Soil, Vegetation, Climate and Management Qualities to Evaluate Desertification in the Northwestern Coast, Egypt","authors":"A. Gad, Rania Mansour","doi":"10.37394/232033.2023.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232033.2023.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"In Egypt, the phenomenon of desertification is a geographical phenomenon that is related to the decline or deterioration of the land's biological production capacity, which will eventually result in semi-desert conditions, or, in other words, the loss of fertility from productive lands. An understanding of the geographical distribution of environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) is necessary for sustainable land use in the dry lands. The characteristics of the research region and the Mediterranean desertification and land use (MEDALUS) approach were used to evaluate the environmental sensitivity to desertification on the west-north coast of Egypt. Remote sensing images, topographic data, soils, and geological data are used to calculate desertification indicators. A hotspot of desertification risk exists on the north coast of Egypt due to soil degradation, climatic conditions, geomorphological and topographic features, soil quality and soil uses in each area. In each of these areas, these variables lead to varying levels and causes of soil degradation and desertification, as well as varying environmental, economic, and social effects. The obtained data reveal that (10.6%, 82.73%) of the west north coast are Sensitive and Very sensitive areas to desertification, About 1.22% of the research area is the moderately sensitive area, while the low sensitive and very low exhibit only (4.21,1.48) %. Remote sensing and GIS are recommended to monitor sensitivity. MEDALUS factors can be modified to obtain more reliable data at the local level.","PeriodicalId":277698,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Development","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139174189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.37394/232033.2023.1.22
Christina Paschaliori, Dimitrios Palmos, Koralia Papakitsou, Anastasios Mavrakis, E. Papakitsos, Nikolaos Laskaris
In this paper, the sediment pollution in the Gulf of Elefsina, over the period 1986-2010, has been measured and presented. The pollution had been measured regarding heavy metals, like cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn). Initially, the measured area is presented, along with the sources of pollution in the historical background and the wider region. Three pollutant indicators had been calculated for the investigation of Sediment Pollution: The Pollution Load Index (PLI), the Enrichment Factor (EF) and the Geo-accumulation index (Igeo). The results of the Pollution Control and Environmental Quality Office measurements had been used for the calculation of these indicators, taken at six locations of the coast and three locations in the center of the Gulf of Elefsina. The study of these indicators reveals that there is heavy metal pollution at all sampling locations, while the most heavily affected areas of the Gulf are these near Skaramangas Shipyards and Elefsis Shipyards. More intense pollution is recorded for Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn. More specifically, high values of Cd had been measured at all sampling points, while for Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn high values had been measured in areas that are active in shipbuilding-repair and dismantling units. In contrast, there is no pollution for Mn.
{"title":"Investigation of Sediment Pollution in the Gulf of Elefsina Using Environmental Indicators","authors":"Christina Paschaliori, Dimitrios Palmos, Koralia Papakitsou, Anastasios Mavrakis, E. Papakitsos, Nikolaos Laskaris","doi":"10.37394/232033.2023.1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232033.2023.1.22","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the sediment pollution in the Gulf of Elefsina, over the period 1986-2010, has been measured and presented. The pollution had been measured regarding heavy metals, like cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn). Initially, the measured area is presented, along with the sources of pollution in the historical background and the wider region. Three pollutant indicators had been calculated for the investigation of Sediment Pollution: The Pollution Load Index (PLI), the Enrichment Factor (EF) and the Geo-accumulation index (Igeo). The results of the Pollution Control and Environmental Quality Office measurements had been used for the calculation of these indicators, taken at six locations of the coast and three locations in the center of the Gulf of Elefsina. The study of these indicators reveals that there is heavy metal pollution at all sampling locations, while the most heavily affected areas of the Gulf are these near Skaramangas Shipyards and Elefsis Shipyards. More intense pollution is recorded for Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn. More specifically, high values of Cd had been measured at all sampling points, while for Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn high values had been measured in areas that are active in shipbuilding-repair and dismantling units. In contrast, there is no pollution for Mn.","PeriodicalId":277698,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Development","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139229220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.37394/232033.2023.1.21
Ruki̇ye Özteki̇n, D. Sponza
In this review study, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (nylon) (PA), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET); Removal mechanisms through chemical, photocatalytic, biodegradation and hybrid were investigated in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Plastic products are used in almost all aspects of our daily life. Due to their low cost, portability, durability and resistance to degradation, these plastic products affect the health of the environment and biota on a global scale. Therefore, the removal and mineralization of microplastics (MP) is an important necessity in the 21st century. The prevalence of MPs in aquatic ecosystems due to their high degradation resistance and bioaccumulation; It has become an important environmental problem in recent years. Plastic wastes; Gradual discharge, specific removal techniques, inadequate standard detection methods, and slow destruction rates of MPs lead to the ubiquity of these wastes. Evidence shows that MPs act as a potential vector by adsorbing different heavy metals, pathogens, and other chemical additives widely used in different raw plastic production. MPs are ingested by aquatic creatures such as fish and different crustaceans, and finally, people ingest them at the tertiary level of the food chain. With this phenomenon, MPs are responsible for the blockage of the digestive tract, the disruption of digestive behavior and, finally, the reduction of reproductive development of all living organisms. After all, MPs; has become an emerging potential threat and a source of increasing concern; This situation urgently requires the control of MPs in aquatic environments. Similar studies in the literature; It was evaluated in order to shed light on different studies that can be done on this subject in the future.
{"title":"Removal Mechanisms of Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polyvinyl Chloride, Polyamide (Nylon), Polystyrene and Polyethylene Terephthalate in Wastewater Treatment Plants by Chemical, Photocatalytic, Biodegradation and Hybrid Processes","authors":"Ruki̇ye Özteki̇n, D. Sponza","doi":"10.37394/232033.2023.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232033.2023.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"In this review study, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (nylon) (PA), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET); Removal mechanisms through chemical, photocatalytic, biodegradation and hybrid were investigated in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Plastic products are used in almost all aspects of our daily life. Due to their low cost, portability, durability and resistance to degradation, these plastic products affect the health of the environment and biota on a global scale. Therefore, the removal and mineralization of microplastics (MP) is an important necessity in the 21st century. The prevalence of MPs in aquatic ecosystems due to their high degradation resistance and bioaccumulation; It has become an important environmental problem in recent years. Plastic wastes; Gradual discharge, specific removal techniques, inadequate standard detection methods, and slow destruction rates of MPs lead to the ubiquity of these wastes. Evidence shows that MPs act as a potential vector by adsorbing different heavy metals, pathogens, and other chemical additives widely used in different raw plastic production. MPs are ingested by aquatic creatures such as fish and different crustaceans, and finally, people ingest them at the tertiary level of the food chain. With this phenomenon, MPs are responsible for the blockage of the digestive tract, the disruption of digestive behavior and, finally, the reduction of reproductive development of all living organisms. After all, MPs; has become an emerging potential threat and a source of increasing concern; This situation urgently requires the control of MPs in aquatic environments. Similar studies in the literature; It was evaluated in order to shed light on different studies that can be done on this subject in the future.","PeriodicalId":277698,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Development","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.37394/232033.2023.1.14
R. Yoshinov, Rumen Trifonov, G. Pavlova, Daniela Borissova
The relationship between ICTs and the environment is complex and multifaceted, as ICTs can play positive and negative roles. The article's main idea is how the ICT sector can help tackle climate change, from measurement, monitoring, and automation of processes to self-organizing the sector to refurbish and ecologically scrape ICT hardware. The life cycle of services must be managed to minimize their impact on the environment – management of production, use, and end of life. Based on the analysis, the current article identified some groups of indicators used in the proposed model to estimate the ICT footprint. This information contributes to a more accurate measurement of any company the effect on the environment.
{"title":"Effects of ICT on the Environment and Indicators for Their Measurement","authors":"R. Yoshinov, Rumen Trifonov, G. Pavlova, Daniela Borissova","doi":"10.37394/232033.2023.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232033.2023.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between ICTs and the environment is complex and multifaceted, as ICTs can play positive and negative roles. The article's main idea is how the ICT sector can help tackle climate change, from measurement, monitoring, and automation of processes to self-organizing the sector to refurbish and ecologically scrape ICT hardware. The life cycle of services must be managed to minimize their impact on the environment – management of production, use, and end of life. Based on the analysis, the current article identified some groups of indicators used in the proposed model to estimate the ICT footprint. This information contributes to a more accurate measurement of any company the effect on the environment.","PeriodicalId":277698,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Development","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133301703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.37394/232033.2023.1.13
A. E. Isari, E. Grilla, P. Kokkinos, P. Parthenidis, E. Evgenidou, D. Lambropoulou, I. K. Kalavrouziotis
The purpose of the present study was the assessment of the potential reusability of landfill leachates for agricultural irrigation, after advanced oxidation treatments. The UV/Fenton and Fenton processes were applied to the treatment of two different landfill leachate samples, L1 and L2, classified as intermediates, collected from two different landfills located in Macedonia, Greece. Samples were characterized by high COD and TOC values, ranging from 5500-6100 mg/l and 1700-1780 mg/l, respectively. The treatment efficacy and toxicity characteristics were evaluated by conducting phytotoxicity tests. Sorghum saccharatum seeds were used and the germination index (GI) was estimated. The results showed that the UV/Fenton process achieved better organic matter removal rates for both samples. The untreated undiluted leachates L1 and L2 were highly toxic, resulting in GI values of 0. The results of the study showed that Sorghum saccharatum seed germination depends on the nature of the irrigation media and that optimum germination rates were achieved at dilutions of treated leachates with ratios higher than 1:4.
{"title":"Safe Reuse of Landfill Leachates for Irrigation Purposes","authors":"A. E. Isari, E. Grilla, P. Kokkinos, P. Parthenidis, E. Evgenidou, D. Lambropoulou, I. K. Kalavrouziotis","doi":"10.37394/232033.2023.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232033.2023.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present study was the assessment of the potential reusability of landfill leachates for agricultural irrigation, after advanced oxidation treatments. The UV/Fenton and Fenton processes were applied to the treatment of two different landfill leachate samples, L1 and L2, classified as intermediates, collected from two different landfills located in Macedonia, Greece. Samples were characterized by high COD and TOC values, ranging from 5500-6100 mg/l and 1700-1780 mg/l, respectively. The treatment efficacy and toxicity characteristics were evaluated by conducting phytotoxicity tests. Sorghum saccharatum seeds were used and the germination index (GI) was estimated. The results showed that the UV/Fenton process achieved better organic matter removal rates for both samples. The untreated undiluted leachates L1 and L2 were highly toxic, resulting in GI values of 0. The results of the study showed that Sorghum saccharatum seed germination depends on the nature of the irrigation media and that optimum germination rates were achieved at dilutions of treated leachates with ratios higher than 1:4.","PeriodicalId":277698,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Development","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130490649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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