Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0005
Laetitia Nanquette
In this chapter, I use the data of the Iran Book House to analyse the productionof books within Iran after the 1979 revolution and its ties to politics. This is an example of how the methods of digital humanities and book history can be used to help us to understand a literature that has not often been its object of study. The study juxtaposes this data to the discourse of literary practitioners I have been exposed to when doing fieldwork in the literary field in Iran between 2006 and 2017. As such, it confirms some ideas, for example the ebb and flow of publications according to politics, and contradicts others, such as that governmental publishers publish higher quantities of texts than independent ones. The chapter analyses data on the link between books’ production and who is in government; the decline of the number of copies published over the years since 1979; the decreasing amount of translations versus original texts; the increased centralisation of book production in Tehran; and the relative minority of governmental publishers compared to independent publishers.
{"title":"Book Production within Iran: A Look at the Numbers","authors":"Laetitia Nanquette","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, I use the data of the Iran Book House to analyse the productionof books within Iran after the 1979 revolution and its ties to politics. This is an example of how the methods of digital humanities and book history can be used to help us to understand a literature that has not often been its object of study. The study juxtaposes this data to the discourse of literary practitioners I have been exposed to when doing fieldwork in the literary field in Iran between 2006 and 2017. As such, it confirms some ideas, for example the ebb and flow of publications according to politics, and contradicts others, such as that governmental publishers publish higher quantities of texts than independent ones. The chapter analyses data on the link between books’ production and who is in government; the decline of the number of copies published over the years since 1979; the decreasing amount of translations versus original texts; the increased centralisation of book production in Tehran; and the relative minority of governmental publishers compared to independent publishers.","PeriodicalId":277741,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Literature after the Islamic Revolution","volume":"28 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116683752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0003
Laetitia Nanquette
This chapter explains the forms literature takes in new media and analyses the importance of digital literature in the Iranian literary field. This chapter studies the impact of the digital medium on the evolutions of contemporary Iranian literature through case studies of literary blogs and literary Instagram, which stand at either end of the chronology of Persian digital literature. Does digital literature democratise the field and include writers who are not part of the literary establishment? What innovations in terms of form, topic, style does it introduce? How has it evolved between different platforms? What is the role of censorship in this process? This chapter examines digital literature by Iranian nationals, which includes material written by Iranians in Iran, as well as in languages spoken by Iranians in the diaspora, primarily English and French.
{"title":"Digital Literature: The Importance of the Medium","authors":"Laetitia Nanquette","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explains the forms literature takes in new media and analyses the importance of digital literature in the Iranian literary field. This chapter studies the impact of the digital medium on the evolutions of contemporary Iranian literature through case studies of literary blogs and literary Instagram, which stand at either end of the chronology of Persian digital literature. Does digital literature democratise the field and include writers who are not part of the literary establishment? What innovations in terms of form, topic, style does it introduce? How has it evolved between different platforms? What is the role of censorship in this process? This chapter examines digital literature by Iranian nationals, which includes material written by Iranians in Iran, as well as in languages spoken by Iranians in the diaspora, primarily English and French.","PeriodicalId":277741,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Literature after the Islamic Revolution","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133172036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0011
Laetitia Nanquette
By paying close attention to diverse narratives, the aim of this book was to analyse the relation of the contemporary Iranian literary field to its social, economic and political contexts. This has in turn made it possible to unpack some of the literary relationships forged between Iran and its large diaspora, as well as with non-Iranians through the medium of translated texts.
{"title":"Afterword","authors":"Laetitia Nanquette","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"By paying close attention to diverse narratives, the aim of this book was to analyse the relation of the contemporary Iranian literary field to its social, economic and political contexts. This has in turn made it possible to unpack some of the literary relationships forged between Iran and its large diaspora, as well as with non-Iranians through the medium of translated texts.","PeriodicalId":277741,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Literature after the Islamic Revolution","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122528497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0007
Laetitia Nanquette
This chapter argues that the Iranian diaspora is a case of a diaspora spread widely, that is relatively well-connected otherwise, but not when it comes to global literary exchanges. It reflects on the division that exists between literary practitioners who leave Iran and those who stay. I also study some examples of attempts to overcome the division of the diaspora as well as the blockages to cooperation, such as the initiatives of the publishers Naakojaa and Candle & Fog, and literary blogs in the diaspora based on interviews and case studies with literary practitioners from the US, the UK, Iran, France and Australia.
{"title":"Iran and the Diaspora: Irreconcilable Divisions?","authors":"Laetitia Nanquette","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter argues that the Iranian diaspora is a case of a diaspora spread widely, that is relatively well-connected otherwise, but not when it comes to global literary exchanges. It reflects on the division that exists between literary practitioners who leave Iran and those who stay. I also study some examples of attempts to overcome the division of the diaspora as well as the blockages to cooperation, such as the initiatives of the publishers Naakojaa and Candle & Fog, and literary blogs in the diaspora based on interviews and case studies with literary practitioners from the US, the UK, Iran, France and Australia.","PeriodicalId":277741,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Literature after the Islamic Revolution","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125950312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0002
Laetitia Nanquette
This chapter discusses the formal and generic characteristics of contemporary Iranian literature, with a focus on prose fiction. It gives an overview of its main genres and forms, focusing on those that do not have equivalents in western literary fields, or whose dynamics of production are distinct. I focus first on genre fiction (crime stories and romances) and then on politico-religious genres (‘Sacred Defence’ texts and literary texts on religious figures)
{"title":"Forms and Genres in Contemporary Iranian Literature","authors":"Laetitia Nanquette","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the formal and generic characteristics of contemporary Iranian literature, with a focus on prose fiction. It gives an overview of its main genres and forms, focusing on those that do not have equivalents in western literary fields, or whose dynamics of production are distinct. I focus first on genre fiction (crime stories and romances) and then on politico-religious genres (‘Sacred Defence’ texts and literary texts on religious figures)","PeriodicalId":277741,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Literature after the Islamic Revolution","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131227474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0004
Laetitia Nanquette
This chapter first examines the polarisation of the independent and government sectors according to political orientation and explains the history of this division in the Iranian literary field. The next section considers the restrictions to the market, both those internal to Iran (from censorship to material constraints on paper supplies) and those external to Iran (sanctions, lack of copyright agreements). Finally, I analyse two institutions that represent how the field works on its margins: the Saadi Foundation, a recently founded cultural institution that focuses on Persian language, and the Union of Tehran Publishers and Booksellers.
本章首先检视独立文学界与政府文学界根据政治倾向的两极化，并解释这种分化在伊朗文学界的历史。下一节将考虑对市场的限制，包括伊朗国内的限制(从审查制度到纸张供应的物质限制)和伊朗外部的限制(制裁，缺乏版权协议)。最后，我分析了两个代表该领域边缘运作方式的机构:萨阿迪基金会(Saadi Foundation)和德黑兰出版商和书商联盟(Union of Tehran Publishers and Booksellers)。萨阿迪基金会是最近成立的一个文化机构，专注于波斯语研究。
{"title":"The Iranian Literary Field: An Overview","authors":"Laetitia Nanquette","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter first examines the polarisation of the independent and government sectors according to political orientation and explains the history of this division in the Iranian literary field. The next section considers the restrictions to the market, both those internal to Iran (from censorship to material constraints on paper supplies) and those external to Iran (sanctions, lack of copyright agreements). Finally, I analyse two institutions that represent how the field works on its margins: the Saadi Foundation, a recently founded cultural institution that focuses on Persian language, and the Union of Tehran Publishers and Booksellers.","PeriodicalId":277741,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Literature after the Islamic Revolution","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121789231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0010
Laetitia Nanquette
In this concluding chapter, I bring together the reflections from the first part of the book on the place of post-revolutionary Iranian literature in contemporary Iran, and those from the second part of the book on its circulation outside of the Iranian borders. I discuss the position that post-revolutionary Iranian literature has in these two spaces and reflect on how this has evolved in the past forty years. The chapter starts by analysing two books that have had an important circulation outside of Iran: ‘The Book of Fate’ ‘ by Parinoush Saniee and ‘Censoring an Iranian Love Story’ by Shahriar Mandanipour. I then make a comparison between literature and other arts (cinema and visual arts) to find what is specific to literature in the place and circulation of Persian art products. Finally, I argue that Iranian literature is slowly being replaced in the Persian cultural system both within Iran and abroad, by visual media. This is a major shift in the history of Persian culture which has been dominated by the literary for centuries.
{"title":"Post-Revolutionary Iranian Literature in the World and in the Persian Cultural System","authors":"Laetitia Nanquette","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"In this concluding chapter, I bring together the reflections from the first part of the book on the place of post-revolutionary Iranian literature in contemporary Iran, and those from the second part of the book on its circulation outside of the Iranian borders. I discuss the position that post-revolutionary Iranian literature has in these two spaces and reflect on how this has evolved in the past forty years. The chapter starts by analysing two books that have had an important circulation outside of Iran: ‘The Book of Fate’ ‘ by Parinoush Saniee and ‘Censoring an Iranian Love Story’ by Shahriar Mandanipour. I then make a comparison between literature and other arts (cinema and visual arts) to find what is specific to literature in the place and circulation of Persian art products. Finally, I argue that Iranian literature is slowly being replaced in the Persian cultural system both within Iran and abroad, by visual media. This is a major shift in the history of Persian culture which has been dominated by the literary for centuries.","PeriodicalId":277741,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Literature after the Islamic Revolution","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122640510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0006
Laetitia Nanquette
Children’s literature has been more successful internationally than Iranian adult fiction and it is also a field that is more professionalised than the one for adults. In this chapter, I analyse children’s literature to understand phenomena that have been occurring in the larger field. The chapter analyses the history of Iranian children’s literature in the past decades, zooms in on the important institutions supporting it, and theorises both its importance to the Islamic republic and its reception nationally and globally, explaining its relative success. This chapter concludes the first part of the book, where I have discussed the production and circulation of Iranian literature within Iran. In the second part, I move to these topics outside of the Iranian borders and analyse the literary relations between the Iranian diaspora and Iran as well as the circulation of Iranian literature in languages other than Persian for non-Iranian readers.
{"title":"Iranian Children’s Literature: A Success Story Nationally and Globally","authors":"Laetitia Nanquette","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Children’s literature has been more successful internationally than Iranian adult fiction and it is also a field that is more professionalised than the one for adults. In this chapter, I analyse children’s literature to understand phenomena that have been occurring in the larger field. The chapter analyses the history of Iranian children’s literature in the past decades, zooms in on the important institutions supporting it, and theorises both its importance to the Islamic republic and its reception nationally and globally, explaining its relative success. This chapter concludes the first part of the book, where I have discussed the production and circulation of Iranian literature within Iran. In the second part, I move to these topics outside of the Iranian borders and analyse the literary relations between the Iranian diaspora and Iran as well as the circulation of Iranian literature in languages other than Persian for non-Iranian readers.","PeriodicalId":277741,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Literature after the Islamic Revolution","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127236153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0009
Laetitia Nanquette
I compare Iranian writers in Australia to the other Iranian diasporic locations discussed previously, mostly the US and France, revealing the similarities and differences in the literary production between the various locations. It will become apparent that Iranian writers in Australia – perhaps because of, rather than despite, the short history of migration – have adapted to their Australian readers quickly by using English and modes of writing preferred by Australian readers. I first sketch the history of Iranian migration to Australia, describing its demographics and the characteristics of the Australian diaspora, also focusing on the cultural connections to Iran and to the other diasporic literary communities maintained by Iranian writers in Australia. I then focus on literary production and reception, with texts written in Persian and in English. Finally, I examine the literary institutions that facilitate this production.
{"title":"Iranian Writers in Australia","authors":"Laetitia Nanquette","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"I compare Iranian writers in Australia to the other Iranian diasporic locations discussed previously, mostly the US and France, revealing the similarities and differences in the literary production between the various locations. It will become apparent that Iranian writers in Australia – perhaps because of, rather than despite, the short history of migration – have adapted to their Australian readers quickly by using English and modes of writing preferred by Australian readers. I first sketch the history of Iranian migration to Australia, describing its demographics and the characteristics of the Australian diaspora, also focusing on the cultural connections to Iran and to the other diasporic literary communities maintained by Iranian writers in Australia. I then focus on literary production and reception, with texts written in Persian and in English. Finally, I examine the literary institutions that facilitate this production.","PeriodicalId":277741,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Literature after the Islamic Revolution","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133492181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0008
Laetitia Nanquette
In this chapter, I focus on literary production in the US and in France, making a comparison between the two spaces. Numerically and symbolically, an important part of Iranian literature abroad is written and published in these two countries, hence my focus on them. I first analyse the practice of translation from modern Persian literature into English in the United States over thirty years, defining where the translation field intersects with the academic, political and literary fields in the case of Persian texts. In the next section, I look at the production of Iranian texts in France. In the early 2010s, important changes happened, with more varied texts coming to the fore: these are signs that the relations with the US and France are increasingly complex and multi-layered and that the modes of writing and translating that happened after the revolution have been challenged by new paradigms.
{"title":"Translation and Reception in the US and France","authors":"Laetitia Nanquette","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486378.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, I focus on literary production in the US and in France, making a comparison between the two spaces. Numerically and symbolically, an important part of Iranian literature abroad is written and published in these two countries, hence my focus on them. I first analyse the practice of translation from modern Persian literature into English in the United States over thirty years, defining where the translation field intersects with the academic, political and literary fields in the case of Persian texts. In the next section, I look at the production of Iranian texts in France. In the early 2010s, important changes happened, with more varied texts coming to the fore: these are signs that the relations with the US and France are increasingly complex and multi-layered and that the modes of writing and translating that happened after the revolution have been challenged by new paradigms.","PeriodicalId":277741,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Literature after the Islamic Revolution","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129056137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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