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“Your Hair or the Team!” Body Politics and Possibilities of Resistance in Women’s Football in Turkey “你的头发还是球队!”土耳其女足的身体政治与抵抗的可能性
Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.46655/federgi.1067184
İrem Kavasoğlu, M. Bozok
This research aims to discuss the experiences of the athletes in the field of football who are notcompatible with the normalized body in women’s football in Turkey, with Foucault's conceptual tools.We focused on football as a research field since it is one of the fields where gender inequality in sportis most visible. In this manner, women’s football idealizes cis-heteronormative femininity. Wecollected the data of this research, using qualitative research design, through in-depth interviews.Between May 2020 and January 2021, we conducted face-to-face and online individual interviewswith nine active female football players, which lasted an average of one and a half hours. Weanalyzed the data with thematic analysis method. The findings of the research reveal that the “ideal”female football player in women’s football in Turkey means having long hair, being feminine,beautiful and well-groomed. On the other hand, being a football player outside of this ideal isexperienced as an obstacle to their careers in football clubs and the national team. Actors in thefootball field dictate to football players, who are described as short-haired and masculine, to growtheir hair long and be more feminine, with various discipline practices. Because of these disciplinarypractices, athletes experience serious tensions between their body image and subjectivity and oncontinuing their football careers. However, the strategies they developed to avoid discriminationbecause of their body appearance, play a motivating role in their empowerment. As a result, women’sfootball is a field, where normalization and punishment practices dominate athletes, who are not comformable with cis-heteronormative femininity, but where athletes also experience empowerment despite the tensions they experience. 
本研究旨在运用福柯的概念工具,探讨土耳其女子足球中与规范化身体不相容的足球运动员的经历。我们把足球作为一个研究领域,因为它是体育运动中性别不平等最明显的领域之一。通过这种方式,女子足球理想化了顺式异性恋的女性气质。我们通过深度访谈,采用定性研究设计来收集本研究的数据。在2020年5月至2021年1月期间,我们对9名现役女足球运动员进行了面对面和在线个人采访,平均持续一个半小时。我们采用主题分析法对数据进行分析。研究结果显示,土耳其女足的“理想”女足球员是长发、女性化、漂亮、整洁。另一方面,作为一名超出这一理想的足球运动员,他们在足球俱乐部和国家队的职业生涯会受到阻碍。足球运动员被描述为短发和男性化,足球场上的演员要求他们把头发留长,更有女人味,并采取各种纪律措施。由于这些纪律训练,运动员在他们的身体形象和主观性之间经历了严重的紧张关系,并继续他们的足球生涯。然而,她们为避免因外貌而受到歧视而制定的策略,在赋予她们权力方面发挥了激励作用。因此,女足是这样一个领域,在这里,规范和惩罚的做法主导着运动员,她们不适应顺异性恋的女性特质,但在这里,运动员也会感受到赋权,尽管她们经历了紧张。
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引用次数: 0
Public Transport Experiences of Women Domestic Workers in Ankara: Challenges and Strategies 安卡拉家庭女工的公共交通经验:挑战和策略
Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.46655/federgi.1091476
Asuman Özgür Keysan, P. Kaygan, Harun Kaygan
Beyond the activity of carrying passengers from one point to another, transportation is an area, cut by social categories such as gender, class, age and disability, shaped by government policies and dominated by social codes. This study concentrates on the public transportation experiences of domestic workers, emphasizing that it is inevitable to approach transportation from a gender lens. Basically, this research focuses on the meanings attributed to public transport by women domestic workers, the challenges faced by the women in public transport as being women, and the strategies of coping with these challenges. The empirical basis of the research is semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with 10 women domestic workers in Ankara in 2020. The study considers the public transport journey as a set of social relations that are not independent from the relations women establish with the vehicle itself, the driver, and other passengers, and approaches it as a process from the moment the passengers leave the home to the moment they arrive at their destination. In this study, it is argued that women's gender relations outside the home transformed their public transportation experience into a necessity rather than a choice and that the difficulties the women experience in public transportation get a multidimensional form by the articulation of problems based on gender inequalities with the class-based challenges.
除了将乘客从一个地方运送到另一个地方的活动之外,交通运输是一个领域,它被性别、阶级、年龄和残疾等社会类别所分割,受政府政策的影响,受社会规范的支配。本研究集中于家庭佣工的公共交通经验,强调从性别角度看待交通是不可避免的。基本上,本研究的重点是女性家政工人赋予公共交通的意义,女性作为女性在公共交通中面临的挑战,以及应对这些挑战的策略。本研究的实证基础是2020年在安卡拉对10名女性家政工人进行的半结构化深度访谈。该研究将公共交通旅程视为一组社会关系,这些关系并不独立于女性与车辆本身,司机和其他乘客建立的关系,并将其视为从乘客离开家到到达目的地的那一刻的过程。本研究认为,妇女在家庭之外的性别关系使她们的公共交通经历成为一种必需品而不是一种选择,妇女在公共交通中遇到的困难通过基于性别不平等的问题与基于阶级的挑战的结合而得到了多维形式。
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引用次数: 0
From Hidayet novels to pious women's literature: Changing agency in negotiation with feminism 从希达叶小说到虔诚的女性文学:与女权主义谈判中的主体变迁
Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.46655/federgi.1098273
Elifhan Köse
Hidayet literature was a genre that emerged for the first time in the 1970s in Turkey with Islamism becoming visible in the public sphere. This genre not only provided a life/body guideline for urbanizing Islamism, but also offered popular literal products to allow others defined as western/modern to have contact with the Muslim world. Although Hidayet novels have lost their old influence nowadays, they continue to have a similar popular effect with new writers reviving ‘Islamist romanticism’. Pious female literature, on the other hand, describes the oppression of religious women wearing hijab who wanted to get their right to education at the end of the 1980s. These political pressures on hijab have produced female writers who have been aggregating autobiographical stories the theme of which is the exile from the secular and Islamist public sphere and even from their “Muslim homes”. In Hidayet novels, pious agency is established as an essence of a holistic representation of good in a world divided into good and evil with sharp boundaries. In pious female literature, however, the permeability of these two worlds can be seen but the expectation from the pious agency is to be preserve holistic good authentic existence. In this study, how feminism is represented in the literal negotiation that establishes pious agency will be discussed descriptively, considering the perspective of these different genres on feminism.
希达耶特文学是20世纪70年代在土耳其首次出现的一种体裁,当时伊斯兰主义在公共领域变得可见。这种类型不仅为伊斯兰主义的城市化提供了生活/身体指南,而且还提供了流行的文字产品,让其他被定义为西方/现代的人能够与穆斯林世界接触。尽管希达耶特的小说如今已经失去了原有的影响力,但它们仍然具有类似的流行效应,新作家们正在复兴“伊斯兰浪漫主义”。另一方面,虔诚的女性文学描述了20世纪80年代末,戴着头巾的宗教妇女想要获得受教育权的压迫。这些对头巾的政治压力催生了一些女性作家,她们汇集了自传体故事,主题是从世俗和伊斯兰公共领域,甚至从“穆斯林家园”流亡出去。在希达叶的小说中,虔诚的代理被确立为善的整体表现的本质,在一个被划分为善与恶的世界中,有明确的界限。然而,在虔诚的女性文学中,这两个世界的渗透性可以看到,但虔诚的代理机构的期望是保持整体良好的真实存在。在本研究中,将从这些不同体裁对女性主义的看法出发,描述性地探讨女性主义如何在建立虔诚代理的文字协商中表现出来。
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引用次数: 0
Skyly Verses: Guardian Women and Conditional Acceptance in Plato Skyly诗句:柏拉图的守护者女性和条件接受
Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.46655/federgi.957331
Haktan Kalir
Platon’un Devlet’inde kadınların koruyucu sınıfa dahil edilmeleri ile Antik Yunan’ın geleneklerinin aksi yönünde bir kadın özgürleşmesinin örneğinin ortaya çıktığı dolayısıyla Platon’da feminizm yanlısı yahut eşitlikçi emareler olduğuna dair tezler mevcuttur. Oysa Platon’un Meno’sundan Yasalar’ına kadar kadına erkeğin aşağısında hatta insan ile hayvan arasında bir konum addeden de yine Platon’dur. Bu araştırmada Platon’un Devlet’te kadın koruyuculardan söz ederken Devlet’in bekasını mı kadınların konumunu mu düşündüğünü, Platon’da kadının nasıl yer aldığını ve Platon’un etkilediği akademik mecraların kadın koruyuculara nasıl yaklaştığına dair bir analiz yapılacak, bunun sonucu olarak Platon’da kadın koruyucuların ön koşullarının içerikleri tartışılacaktır.
有观点认为,柏拉图的《国家篇》中有支持女性主义或平等主义的迹象,将妇女纳入保护阶级,出现了一个与古希腊传统相反的妇女解放范例。然而,从柏拉图的《美诺篇》到《法律篇》,柏拉图都将女性的地位归于低于男性,甚至介于人类和动物之间。在本研究中,将分析柏拉图在提到国家中的女性保护者时,是考虑国家的生存还是考虑女性的地位,柏拉图是如何将女性纳入其中的,以及受柏拉图影响的学术界是如何对待女性保护者的,并由此探讨柏拉图中女性保护者的前提条件的内容。
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引用次数: 0
Pandemide Gündelik Hayat Fragmanları: Doğu ve Güneydoğu’dan Genç Kadınların Otoetnografik Dışavurumları
Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.46655/federgi.1050366
F. G. Ağca-Varoğlu, Berrin Çoban, Melek Bi̇ngöl, Zeynep Karakurt, Gülbahar Kiliç, Nazime Kaplaner, Sümeyya Zengi̇n
Bu makale, Harran Üniversitesi'nde Sosyoloji Bölümü’nde okumuş, Türkiye’nin Doğu ve Güneydoğu bölgelerinden altı genç kadın tarafından yazılan, Dr. F. Güzin Ağca-Varoğlu’nun editörlüğünü ve danışmanlığını yaptığı otoetnografik metinlerden oluşmaktadır. Katkılar, 16 Mart 2020'den sonra yaşanan mekânlarından yansıttıklarıdır. Öğrenciler, toplumlarına sosyal bilimciler olarak katılmış ve aynı zamanda pandemide aile evinin birer üyesi olmalarının getirdiği liminal konumunu deneyimlemişlerdir. Bu muğlak konum, onları günlük yaşamlarında taktiksel olarak güçlendirmiş ve katmanlı, iç içe ve çok boyutlu sosyal çevrelerini analiz etmelerini sağlamıştır. Makalede, bu genç kadınlar, köklü iktidar ilişkileri, mekânsal etkileşimleri, benlik ve toplum arasında birer “sınır aşıcılar” olarak geçiş yaptıkları gelenekleri ve deneyimleri dile getirerek ‘ses’ verdiler.
本文由来自土耳其东部和东南部地区、在哈兰大学社会学系学习的六名年轻女性撰写的自述文本组成,由 F. Güzin Ağca-Varoğlu 博士编辑和指导。这些文章是他们对 2020 年 3 月 16 日之后生活空间的反思。学生们以社会科学家的身份参与到社区活动中,同时也体验到了大流行病期间作为家庭一员的边缘地位。这种模棱两可的立场增强了她们在日常生活中的策略能力,并使她们能够分析其多层次、相互交织和多维度的社会环境。在文章中,这些年轻女性 "讲述 "了她们根深蒂固的权力关系、她们的空间互动以及她们作为自我与社会之间的 "跨界者 "所跨越的传统和经历。
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引用次数: 0
Fatness as a Difference, Gaze and Outgrowth Issue: A Feminist Discussion on the Worlds of Emotions and Experiences Attached to Women’s Fatness 肥胖作为一种差异、凝视和衍生问题:女性肥胖的情感和体验世界的女性主义探讨
Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.46655/federgi.1070026
N. Bozok, Nur Küçükdoğan
This article makes a feminist discussion about the life experiences and emotional worlds of fat women. The data discussed in the article is based on a field study conducted with a qualitative method. Within the scope of the research, in-depth interviews were conducted with twenty fat young women. In the study, the life stories of women shaped by being fat are investigated. The article is theoretically grounded on feminist body politics literature. This literature, especially since 1970’s, argues that an important aspect of women’s oppression and subordination is the patriarchal relations that control women’s bodies, restrict them, and judge them according to certain criteria, images, and forms. Being fat is lived as an experience that imprisoned women into their bodies under the custody of others. In addition, obesity, which is the subject of cruel judgments of others, inspires negative emotions in women. According to the results of the field research on which this article is based, fat women’s ability to love their bodies and themselves is injured, on the one hand, due to the pressure of the slender body ideal, and on the other hand, the endless criticism and advice of others about their bodies. Women experience being fat as a difference that is a source of sadness. Being fat, which is shaped under the effect of the gaze and words of others, in front of the mirror, in public space, in public transportation, at family tables, is experienced with emotions such as anger, regret, boredom, despair, and joylessness.
本文从女性主义的角度探讨了肥胖女性的生活经历和情感世界。本文讨论的数据是基于用定性方法进行的实地研究。在研究范围内,对20名肥胖的年轻女性进行了深度访谈。在这项研究中,研究人员调查了被肥胖塑造的女性的生活故事。本文的理论基础是女性主义身体政治文学。这些文献,尤其是1970年代以来的文献,认为女性压迫和从属的一个重要方面是父权关系,这种父权关系控制着女性的身体,限制着她们,并根据一定的标准、形象和形式来评判她们。肥胖是一种经历,它把女性禁锢在自己的身体里,置于他人的监护之下。此外,肥胖是别人残酷评判的对象,会激发女性的负面情绪。根据本文所依据的田野调查结果,肥胖女性爱自己的身体和自己的能力受到伤害,一方面是由于苗条身材理想的压力,另一方面是由于别人对她们身体的无休止的批评和建议。女性认为肥胖是一种差异,这是悲伤的来源。肥胖是在别人的目光和话语的影响下形成的,在镜子前,在公共场所,在公共交通工具上,在家庭餐桌上,人们会经历愤怒、后悔、无聊、绝望、不快乐等情绪。
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引用次数: 0
A Feminist Interpretation of A True Story of Lucian of Samosata 《萨莫萨塔的卢西恩真实故事》的女性主义解读
Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.46655/federgi.1062414
Ünsal Çimen
Lucian of Samosata was a satirist and rhetorician who lived in the second century BC. He was the author of the earliest known science fiction novel, A True Story. In this story, Lucian travels to the Moon, joining the war between the moon people and the solar people. What makes this story interesting is that Lucian tells us there are no women among moon people, and men give birth to children. As stated rightly by Morena Deriu, this situation can be seen as a satirization of the exclusion of women from the public sphere. However, it should not be forgotten that giving a place to gods giving birth in myths was an attempt to legitimize that a child’s real parent is a man, not a woman. In this paper, in addition to Deriu’s claims, I will argue that when Lucian said Lunarian men could give birth to children, he was criticizing the order established by men, who saw themselves as the only and real parent of a child. The elements used by Lucian regarding the Eleusinian mysteries and his reference to Aristophanes’ comedy The Birds will be considered as supporting this claim.
萨莫萨塔的卢西恩是一位生活在公元前二世纪的讽刺作家和修辞学家。他是已知最早的科幻小说《一个真实的故事》的作者。在这个故事中,卢西恩前往月球,加入了月球人和太阳人之间的战争。这个故事的有趣之处在于,卢西恩告诉我们,月球上没有女人,男人生孩子。正如Morena Deriu正确地指出的那样,这种情况可以被视为对女性被排除在公共领域之外的讽刺。然而,不应该忘记,在神话中给神生孩子的地方是为了使孩子的真正父母是男人而不是女人合法化。在本文中,除了德鲁的主张外,我还将论证,当卢西安说月球上的男人可以生孩子时,他是在批评男人建立的秩序,男人认为自己是孩子的唯一和真正的父母。卢西安所使用的关于伊莱乌西尼之谜的元素,以及他对阿里斯托芬喜剧《鸟》的引用,将被认为是支持这一说法的。
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引用次数: 0
Harem mi Haram mı? Kadınların Mekânsal Özgürlüğünün Kıskaçları
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.46655/federgi.904377
Güldane Mirioğlu
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引用次数: 0
Halkla İlişkilerdeki “Sosyo-Kültürel Dönüşüm”e Kampanyalar Üzerinden Bakmak: #KıyafetimeKarışma Kampanyası Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.46655/federgi.936714
E. Akçay
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引用次数: 1
Kaya, Buzdan Şehir Maketi ve Ev: Selma’nın Ankara’sı Walter Benjamin üzerinden Ankara Romanı Analizi
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.46655/federgi.1050795
Fikriye Yücesoy
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引用次数: 0
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