Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.18502/bccr.v13i2.10031
Zahra Valizadeh, Masoomeh Beheshti, F. Ashrafi, Soyar Sari, Raheleh Kheirbakhsh, H. Mohammadpour, Samad Mohammadnejad, A. Mohammadnejad, S. Amanpour, M. Rahmati
Background: 4T1 is a mice transplantable mammary carcinoma cell line with highly tumorigenic and invasive properties, making it a suitable preclinical oncology model for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This pilot study aimed to create a model of clinical stages in TNBC mice and to evaluate the response to treatment with paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) based on antiangiogenic effects. Methods: Syngeneic tumors were developed in BALB/c female mice by 4T1 cell line. The mice were randomly distributed into three different groups, each containing four. A group of four was considered as healthy normal. When tumor growth reached 100- 200 mm3 , two groups received the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of PTX and DOX, respectively. Normal saline was injected into the sham control group. The tumors and tissue margins were removed by surgery one week following chemotherapy. Angiogenesis genes and microvessel density (MVD) were analyzed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Response to treatment was also assessed by standard methods of H&E staining. Results: TNBC tumors were confirmed by pathological staining. The volume of tumors and the angiogenesis gene expressions of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and HIF1α decreased in treated tumors compared to control (p < 0.05). Response to treatment to PTX was more than DOX, and the MVD decreased in both PTX and DOX chemotherapy groups. Conclusion: Although PTX is more effective than DOX in reducing angiogenesis genes, both have the potential for treatment in the 4T1 mouse model.
{"title":"Response to Treatment in 4T1 Tumor Following Exposure to Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin Based on Antiangiogenic Effects","authors":"Zahra Valizadeh, Masoomeh Beheshti, F. Ashrafi, Soyar Sari, Raheleh Kheirbakhsh, H. Mohammadpour, Samad Mohammadnejad, A. Mohammadnejad, S. Amanpour, M. Rahmati","doi":"10.18502/bccr.v13i2.10031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/bccr.v13i2.10031","url":null,"abstract":"Background: 4T1 is a mice transplantable mammary carcinoma cell line with highly tumorigenic and invasive properties, making it a suitable preclinical oncology model for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This pilot study aimed to create a model of clinical stages in TNBC mice and to evaluate the response to treatment with paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) based on antiangiogenic effects. \u0000Methods: Syngeneic tumors were developed in BALB/c female mice by 4T1 cell line. The mice were randomly distributed into three different groups, each containing four. A group of four was considered as healthy normal. When tumor growth reached 100- 200 mm3 , two groups received the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of PTX and DOX, respectively. Normal saline was injected into the sham control group. The tumors and tissue margins were removed by surgery one week following chemotherapy. Angiogenesis genes and microvessel density (MVD) were analyzed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Response to treatment was also assessed by standard methods of H&E staining. \u0000Results: TNBC tumors were confirmed by pathological staining. The volume of tumors and the angiogenesis gene expressions of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and HIF1α decreased in treated tumors compared to control (p < 0.05). Response to treatment to PTX was more than DOX, and the MVD decreased in both PTX and DOX chemotherapy groups. \u0000Conclusion: Although PTX is more effective than DOX in reducing angiogenesis genes, both have the potential for treatment in the 4T1 mouse model.","PeriodicalId":280576,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Cancer Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131706886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.18502/bccr.v13i2.10026
S. Rostami, A. Nahvijou
Background: Gynecologic cancers (GCs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in females worldwide. Estimating the cancer burden is invaluable to set up priorities for research funding allocations, cancer control policies, and prevention strategies. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has recently released the latest estimates on the prevalence, incidence, and mortality for 36 types of cancer and all cancer sites combined in 185 countries in 2020. We aimed to report GCs estimates in the I.R. Iran from 2012 to 2040 based on the GLOBOCAN 2020. Methods: We obtained data on the incidence, mortality, and prevalence of GCs in the Iranian female population from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database presented by the IARC, compared the burden with the previous reports presented in 2012 and 2018, and provided the estimates for 2040. In addition, we compared the burden to that of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO) and the world. Results: The top 3 incident GCs were ovarian, uterine, and cervical cancer, respectively. In 2020, approximately 2,000 new cases of ovarian cancer (ASR: 4.4), 1,535 new patients with uterine cancer (ASR: 3.5), and 1,056 incident cervical cancer cases (ASR: 2.3) were diagnosed in the I.R. Iran. With 1,269 cancer deaths and an age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of 3.0, ovarian cancer is considered to be the leading cause of death from GCs, followed by cervical cancer (644 deaths; ASMR: 1.5) and uterine cancer (537 deaths; ASMR: 1.3). Among 157,930 prevalent female cases reported in the GLOBOCAN 2020 database, 13,663 cases were categorized as GC. With a 5-year prevalence of 5,539, ovarian cancer was the most prevalent type, while uterine cancer (with 4,904 prevalent cases) and cervical cancer (with 2,948 prevalent cases) were less prevalent types. Conclusion: There has been a slight increase in the incidence of GCs in recent years after stable rates for a couple of decades. Therefore, primary and secondary prevention measures such as lifestyle modifications and screening programs must be prioritized.
{"title":"Gynecologic Cancers Estimates in the I.R. Iran, 2012- 2040","authors":"S. Rostami, A. Nahvijou","doi":"10.18502/bccr.v13i2.10026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/bccr.v13i2.10026","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gynecologic cancers (GCs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in females worldwide. Estimating the cancer burden is invaluable to set up priorities for research funding allocations, cancer control policies, and prevention strategies. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has recently released the latest estimates on the prevalence, incidence, and mortality for 36 types of cancer and all cancer sites combined in 185 countries in 2020. We aimed to report GCs estimates in the I.R. Iran from 2012 to 2040 based on the GLOBOCAN 2020. \u0000Methods: We obtained data on the incidence, mortality, and prevalence of GCs in the Iranian female population from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database presented by the IARC, compared the burden with the previous reports presented in 2012 and 2018, and provided the estimates for 2040. In addition, we compared the burden to that of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO) and the world. \u0000Results: The top 3 incident GCs were ovarian, uterine, and cervical cancer, respectively. In 2020, approximately 2,000 new cases of ovarian cancer (ASR: 4.4), 1,535 new patients with uterine cancer (ASR: 3.5), and 1,056 incident cervical cancer cases (ASR: 2.3) were diagnosed in the I.R. Iran. With 1,269 cancer deaths and an age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of 3.0, ovarian cancer is considered to be the leading cause of death from GCs, followed by cervical cancer (644 deaths; ASMR: 1.5) and uterine cancer (537 deaths; ASMR: 1.3). Among 157,930 prevalent female cases reported in the GLOBOCAN 2020 database, 13,663 cases were categorized as GC. With a 5-year prevalence of 5,539, ovarian cancer was the most prevalent type, while uterine cancer (with 4,904 prevalent cases) and cervical cancer (with 2,948 prevalent cases) were less prevalent types. \u0000Conclusion: There has been a slight increase in the incidence of GCs in recent years after stable rates for a couple of decades. Therefore, primary and secondary prevention measures such as lifestyle modifications and screening programs must be prioritized.","PeriodicalId":280576,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Cancer Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129266368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.18502/bccr.v13i2.10025
R. Moradzadeh, Shahla Mirgaloybayat
Background: Identifying the local foci and clusters of diseases can help reduce incidence and mortality by making necessary interventions. This study aimed to detect possible colorectal cancer incidence clusters using spatial analyses at point-level data at small census units in Arak, Iran, from 2009 to 2014. Methods: In this ecologic study, recorded data on colorectal cancer in Arak were collected from the Arak Cancer Registry. All records were evaluated using various methods to detect and resolve probable error events or duplicated records. Then, SaTScan software was used to explore spatial clusters. The Discrete Poisson-based Probability Model was utilized to analyze the clusters. Results: A total of 398 incident cases of colorectal cancer were identified. The mean age at diagnosis was 62.8 ± 14.6 years. Among colorectal cancer cases, 179 (45%) and 219 (55%) were females and males, respectively. Most cases were categorized with colon topography codes (n = 119, 66.5%). Three spatial clusters of colorectal cancer using individual geocodes were detected. The most high-risk cluster was located near the southern highway in Arak, a highway with transit routes for heavy and light vehicles (p=0.0004). The second significant high-risk cluster was a district located in the vast part of the center of Arak (p=0.003). The third high-risk cluster was an area in the suburb of Arak, between Farmahin-Arak Road and Northern highway (p=0.06). Conclusion: This study identified three essential clusters for the high incidence of colorectal cancer in Arak. The data would be useful for further evaluation of the environmental and lifestyle factors. Furthermore, the obtained pattern might be related to confounding impacts of environmental and lifestyle factors.
{"title":"Spatial Clusters of Colorectal Neoplasm in the Center of Iran: A Population-based Study","authors":"R. Moradzadeh, Shahla Mirgaloybayat","doi":"10.18502/bccr.v13i2.10025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/bccr.v13i2.10025","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Identifying the local foci and clusters of diseases can help reduce incidence and mortality by making necessary interventions. This study aimed to detect possible colorectal cancer incidence clusters using spatial analyses at point-level data at small census units in Arak, Iran, from 2009 to 2014. \u0000Methods: In this ecologic study, recorded data on colorectal cancer in Arak were collected from the Arak Cancer Registry. All records were evaluated using various methods to detect and resolve probable error events or duplicated records. Then, SaTScan software was used to explore spatial clusters. The Discrete Poisson-based Probability Model was utilized to analyze the clusters. \u0000Results: A total of 398 incident cases of colorectal cancer were identified. The mean age at diagnosis was 62.8 ± 14.6 years. Among colorectal cancer cases, 179 (45%) and 219 (55%) were females and males, respectively. Most cases were categorized with colon topography codes (n = 119, 66.5%). Three spatial clusters of colorectal cancer using individual geocodes were detected. The most high-risk cluster was located near the southern highway in Arak, a highway with transit routes for heavy and light vehicles (p=0.0004). The second significant high-risk cluster was a district located in the vast part of the center of Arak (p=0.003). The third high-risk cluster was an area in the suburb of Arak, between Farmahin-Arak Road and Northern highway (p=0.06). \u0000Conclusion: This study identified three essential clusters for the high incidence of colorectal cancer in Arak. The data would be useful for further evaluation of the environmental and lifestyle factors. Furthermore, the obtained pattern might be related to confounding impacts of environmental and lifestyle factors.","PeriodicalId":280576,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Cancer Research","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121914454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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