Since Mark Granovetter's seminal work on the access to employment of white collars in the Boston suburbs, studies on the embeddedness of the labor market in social networks have multiplied. They all agree on the fact that a significant proportion of access to employment is based on interpersonal relations, either because these relations are decisive in ob-taining information on jobs (for future recruits) and on possible candi-dates (for recruiters), or because they lead to direct recruitment (if the recruiter and the future recruit already know each other) or because recommendations by intermediaries result in hiring. The proportion of jobs obtained on the basis of personal relationships varies according to the methods studied and the study sites but it's often a significant one. In this article, we study the relational chains of access to employment based on the questions used in a questionnaire survey carried out in 2028 on a sample of 1,676 persons living in mainland France. This sur-vey confirms previous results: relationships are important, and this im-portance varies according to the characteristics of the respondents and the jobs they obtained. Relationships are more important for executives and prestigious jobs. Moreover, these prestigious jobs were obtained by involving colleagues or former colleagues to a greater extent than other jobs. Being located in a privileged environment and knowing other peo-ple in that environment provides additional resources for accessing cer-tain jobs.In addition to verifying these trends, our aim was to characterize the chains themselves as far as possible. In this way we were able to support a hypothesis that has emerged from previous work, namely that the average length of chains varies according to the type of resource in-volved: the rarer the resource, the longer the chains. By distinguishing between assistance limited to information or advice and that which in-volves more direct help in obtaining employment, we have been able to show that the chains are longer on average in the case of direct assis-tance, which is consistent with our hypothesis, but they are also longer for the youngest people, who have not yet been able to build up profes-sional relationships comparable to those of older people. What is at stake is therefore a relative scarcity that depends on the characteristics of the persons and their network as much as on those of the resources at stake. Depuis le travail fondateur de Mark Granovetter sur l’accès à l’emploi de cadres de la banlieue de Boston, les études sur l’encastrement du marché du travail dans les réseaux sociaux se sont multipliées. Toutes convergent sur le constat qu’une part importante des accès à l’emploi s’appuie sur des relations interpersonnelles, soit que ces relations soient décisives dans l’obtention d’informations sur les postes (pour les futures personnes recrutées) et sur les candidatures possibles (pour les personnes qui recrutent), soit qu’elles débouchent sur
自从马克-格兰诺维特（Mark Granovetter）对波士顿郊区白领的就业机会进行了开创性的研究以来，有关劳动力市场嵌入社会网络的研究成倍增加。这些研究都一致认为，很大一部分就业渠道是基于人际关系的，这或者是因为人际关系在获取工作信息（对未来的受聘者而言）和可能的约会信息（对招聘者而言）方面起着决定性作用，或者是因为人际关系导致了直接招聘（如果招聘者和未来的受聘者已经相互认识），或者是因为中介的推荐导致了聘用。根据研究方法和研究地点的不同，通过人际关系获得工作的比例也不尽相同，但通常都很可观。在本文中，我们根据 2028 年对 1676 名居住在法国本土的样本进行的问卷调查中使用的问题，研究了获得就业的关系链。这次调查证实了之前的结果：关系很重要，而且这种重要性因受访者的特点和他们获得的工作而异。关系对行政人员和有声望的工作更为重要。此外，与其他工作相比，这些有声望的工作在更大程度上是通过同事或前同事的参与而获得的。除了验证这些趋势外，我们的目的还在于尽可能地描述工作链本身的特征。通过这种方式，我们能够支持之前工作中提出的一个假设，即链条的平均长度因所涉及的资源类型而异：资源越稀缺，链条越长。通过区分仅限于信息或建议的援助和涉及更直接的就业帮助的援助，我们能够证明，在直接援助的情况下，就业链的平均长度更长，这与我们的假设一致，但对于最年轻的人来说，就业链也更长，因为他们还没有能力建立与年长者类似的专业关系。因此，问题的关键在于资源的相对稀缺性，而这种稀缺性既取决于相关人员及其网络的特点，也取决于相关资源的特点。从马克-格兰诺维特（Mark Granovetter）关于波士顿乡村干部就业途径的研究开始，关于社会网络中就业市场的稀缺性的研究不断增多。Toutes convergent sur le constat qu'une part importante des accès à l'emploi s'appuie sur des relations interpersonnelles, soit que ces relations soient décisives dans l'obtention d'informations sur les postes (pour les futures personnes recrutées) et sur les candidatures possibles (pour les personnes qui recrutent)、soit qu'elles débouchent sur des recrutements directs (si les personnes concernées se connaissent déjà) ou que des recommandations par des intermédiaires aboutissent à l'embauche.La proportion des emplois obtenus sur la base de relations personnelles varie selon les méthodes étudiées et les terrains d'étude mais elle est souvent importante.Dans cet article, nous étudions les chaînes relationnelles d'accès à l'emploi à partir d'une enquête par questionnaire effectuée en 2018 au-près d'un échantillon de 1676 personnes représentatives de la population résidant en France métropolitaine.对这些数据的分析证实了关系链在法国就业中的重要性，并根据个人特征而有所变化，其中外交背景较强的人与其他人的关系更为密切。该分析还涉及就业链的长度，它因资源的相对稀缺程度和就业者的特征而异。
{"title":"Chaînes relationnelles dans l'accès à l'emploi : perspective à partir d'une enquête récente en France","authors":"Guillaume Favre, Michel Grossetti","doi":"10.46298/arcs.10995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10995","url":null,"abstract":"Since Mark Granovetter's seminal work on the access to employment of white collars in the Boston suburbs, studies on the embeddedness of the labor market in social networks have multiplied. They all agree on the fact that a significant proportion of access to employment is based on interpersonal relations, either because these relations are decisive in ob-taining information on jobs (for future recruits) and on possible candi-dates (for recruiters), or because they lead to direct recruitment (if the recruiter and the future recruit already know each other) or because recommendations by intermediaries result in hiring. The proportion of jobs obtained on the basis of personal relationships varies according to the methods studied and the study sites but it's often a significant one. In this article, we study the relational chains of access to employment based on the questions used in a questionnaire survey carried out in 2028 on a sample of 1,676 persons living in mainland France. This sur-vey confirms previous results: relationships are important, and this im-portance varies according to the characteristics of the respondents and the jobs they obtained. Relationships are more important for executives and prestigious jobs. Moreover, these prestigious jobs were obtained by involving colleagues or former colleagues to a greater extent than other jobs. Being located in a privileged environment and knowing other peo-ple in that environment provides additional resources for accessing cer-tain jobs.In addition to verifying these trends, our aim was to characterize the chains themselves as far as possible. In this way we were able to support a hypothesis that has emerged from previous work, namely that the average length of chains varies according to the type of resource in-volved: the rarer the resource, the longer the chains. By distinguishing between assistance limited to information or advice and that which in-volves more direct help in obtaining employment, we have been able to show that the chains are longer on average in the case of direct assis-tance, which is consistent with our hypothesis, but they are also longer for the youngest people, who have not yet been able to build up profes-sional relationships comparable to those of older people. What is at stake is therefore a relative scarcity that depends on the characteristics of the persons and their network as much as on those of the resources at stake.\u0000 Depuis le travail fondateur de Mark Granovetter sur l’accès à l’emploi de cadres de la banlieue de Boston, les études sur l’encastrement du marché du travail dans les réseaux sociaux se sont multipliées. Toutes convergent sur le constat qu’une part importante des accès à l’emploi s’appuie sur des relations interpersonnelles, soit que ces relations soient décisives dans l’obtention d’informations sur les postes (pour les futures personnes recrutées) et sur les candidatures possibles (pour les personnes qui recrutent), soit qu’elles débouchent sur ","PeriodicalId":280925,"journal":{"name":"Analyse de réseaux pour les sciences sociales","volume":"65 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cet article porte sur les dynamiques de l’encastrement relationnel des créateurs et créatrices de plateformes numériques dans le secteur agricole français, entreprises qui se sont considérablement développées ces dernières années. A partir d’une analyse qualitative et quantitative reposant sur des données mixtes collectées auprès d’entrepreneur.e.s, nous observons d’abord un processus de découplage, qui est majoritaire parmi les entrepreneur.e.s rencontré.es. Ces dernier.e.s n’échapperaient donc pas à la dynamique propre à « l’activité entrepreneuriale », à savoir le recours de plus en plus faible aux relations personnelles à mesure que l’entreprise se développe, phénomène qui a déjà été documenté par de nombreuses études. Toutefois, une analyse plus fine des profils montre que le taux d’encastrement d’une partie non négligeable des enquêté.e.s s’écarte de la distribution générale, ce qui interroge les conclusions d’ensemble. Un type de profil retient notamment notre attention, pour lequel le taux d’encastrement progresse au fil du temps. Nous montrons dans cet article que si cela est le signe pour certain.e.s d’une baisse d’activité de l’entreprise, pour d’autres il pourrait s’agir d’un mode original de développement. La singularité du monde professionnel sur lequel porte notre analyse (les mondes agricoles) et du type d’entreprise créée pourrait alors expliquer de tels résultats.
{"title":"Créations de plateformes numériques dans le secteur agricole français et logiques relationnelles : découplage ou encastrement ?","authors":"Quentin Chapus, Victor Potier, J. Brailly","doi":"10.46298/arcs.10972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10972","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article porte sur les dynamiques de l’encastrement relationnel des créateurs et créatrices de plateformes numériques dans le secteur agricole français, entreprises qui se sont considérablement développées ces dernières années. A partir d’une analyse qualitative et quantitative reposant sur des données mixtes collectées auprès d’entrepreneur.e.s, nous observons d’abord un processus de découplage, qui est majoritaire parmi les entrepreneur.e.s rencontré.es. Ces dernier.e.s n’échapperaient donc pas à la dynamique propre à « l’activité entrepreneuriale », à savoir le recours de plus en plus faible aux relations personnelles à mesure que l’entreprise se développe, phénomène qui a déjà été documenté par de nombreuses études. Toutefois, une analyse plus fine des profils montre que le taux d’encastrement d’une partie non négligeable des enquêté.e.s s’écarte de la distribution générale, ce qui interroge les conclusions d’ensemble. Un type de profil retient notamment notre attention, pour lequel le taux d’encastrement progresse au fil du temps. Nous montrons dans cet article que si cela est le signe pour certain.e.s d’une baisse d’activité de l’entreprise, pour d’autres il pourrait s’agir d’un mode original de développement. La singularité du monde professionnel sur lequel porte notre analyse (les mondes agricoles) et du type d’entreprise créée pourrait alors expliquer de tels résultats.","PeriodicalId":280925,"journal":{"name":"Analyse de réseaux pour les sciences sociales","volume":"10 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What does the place of residence change in the trajectory of a person who grows up or lives there, in terms of access to employment, career path? Access to employment is based on the social relations available to family and friends or on the intervention of professionals from training or support organisations, particularly at the start of a career or when a career changes direction (Chauvac 2013).Career choices are also linked to family and friends, with family and friends providing resources to find information, make contacts or receive encouragement, but also models or counter-models, influences, support or constraints (Bidart 2008). The place of residence conditions the wider environment, and can therefore have an impact on an individual's trajectory.Research conducted on the trajectories of people who grew up and/or still live in a urban area qualified as a priority in the sense of urban policy shows that they denounce an effect of assignment to low-skilled or precarious jobs, the mourning of major jobs (Zunigo 2008) and a phenomenon of discrimination. They consider that "the urban area" is a strong explanatory factor of the difficulties and obstacles encountered, more than a resource, even if this may also be the case. Analyzing pathways by taking into account social relations enables us to understand how this "urban area" effect is constructed, but also how the accumulation of social and economic difficulties that characterize the situation of the inhabitants of a priority urban area will multiply the obstacles and crises in individual pathways (Beaud 2018). Around sixty trajectories have been reconstructed using the method of quantified narratives (Grossetti 2011) and the analysis of the modes of access to employment or other resources such as training and permits, in terms of relational chains. The analysis of these trajectories highlights the importance of family social networks in the pathways, often articulated with other modes of access such as the use of devices - in longer chains than previously observed (Chauvac 2011, 2013) - as well as the complexity of certain pathways and their consequences on the lives of the respondents.The social relationships mentioned and/or mobilised by the respondents, the devices at the different stages of their career, depending on their professional situations, also show the sequence of situations. Finally, the interviews make it possible to list the social relationships mentioned and/or used by the respondents, and to characterise them partly according to their professional situations.In the end, analysis in terms of social networks sheds light on the specificities of these pathways, with the urban area functioning above all as a revealer of the impact of social conditions on all biographical transitions. Cet article se fonde sur une recherche participative avec des jeunes habitant·e·s d’un quartier populaire de juin 2018 à juillet 2019 auprès de personnes ayant grandi ou vivant dans leur quartier et
居住地在一个人的成长或生活轨迹中，在就业途径和职业道路方面有什么变化？职业选择也与家庭和朋友有关，家庭和朋友提供了查找信息、建立联系或获得鼓励的资源，同时也提供了模式或反模式、影响、支持或限制（Bidart，2008 年）。对在城市政策意义上的优先城区长大和/或仍然生活在该城区的人的轨迹进行的研究表明，他们谴责被分配从事低技能或不稳定工作的影响、对主要工作的惋惜（Zunigo，2008 年）以及歧视现象。他们认为，"城市地区 "是造成所遇到的困难和障碍的一个重要解释因素，而不是一种资源，尽管事实可能也是如此。通过考虑社会关系来分析路径，使我们能够理解这种 "城市区域 "效应是如何形成的，以及作为重点城市区域居民处境特征的社会和经济困难的积累是如何使单个路径中的障碍和危机成倍增加的（Beaud，2018 年）。利用量化叙事方法（格罗塞蒂，2011 年）以及对获得就业或其他资源（如培训和许可证）的模式的分析，从关系链的角度重建了约 60 条轨迹。对这些轨迹的分析凸显了家庭社会网络在就业途径中的重要性，它往往与其他就业方式（如使用设备）相衔接--其链条比以往观察到的更长（Chauvac，2011 年，2013 年）--以及某些就业途径的复杂性及其对受访者生活的影响。最后，通过访谈可以列出受访者提及和/或利用的社会关系，并根据他们的职业情况对这些关系进行部分描述。最后，通过对社会网络的分析，我们可以了解到这些途径的特殊性，而城市地区首先揭示了社会条件对所有履历转换的影响。本文基于 2018 年 7 月至 2019 年 7 月对某人口密集区的青年居民进行的参与式调查，调查对象包括在该区工作或生活的年轻人，目的是了解他们的职业发展路径。Une partie des personnes interrogées ont expliqué avoir eu l'impression d'être assignées à des emplois précaires et peu valorisants, avoir dû faire preuve de plus de persévérance pour ne pas être réduites à ce futur que leurs proches, mais aussi les institutions jugeaient probable.从关系链的角度进行分析，特别是采用定量叙述的方法，可以理解囚禁和排斥状况的形成原因，以及工具和亲 属在排序过程中的作用。
{"title":"Trajectories and social relations: urban area as a resource and a constraint","authors":"Nathalie Chauvac, Fanny Hugues","doi":"10.46298/arcs.10897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10897","url":null,"abstract":"What does the place of residence change in the trajectory of a person who grows up or lives there, in terms of access to employment, career path? Access to employment is based on the social relations available to family and friends or on the intervention of professionals from training or support organisations, particularly at the start of a career or when a career changes direction (Chauvac 2013).Career choices are also linked to family and friends, with family and friends providing resources to find information, make contacts or receive encouragement, but also models or counter-models, influences, support or constraints (Bidart 2008). The place of residence conditions the wider environment, and can therefore have an impact on an individual's trajectory.Research conducted on the trajectories of people who grew up and/or still live in a urban area qualified as a priority in the sense of urban policy shows that they denounce an effect of assignment to low-skilled or precarious jobs, the mourning of major jobs (Zunigo 2008) and a phenomenon of discrimination. They consider that \"the urban area\" is a strong explanatory factor of the difficulties and obstacles encountered, more than a resource, even if this may also be the case. Analyzing pathways by taking into account social relations enables us to understand how this \"urban area\" effect is constructed, but also how the accumulation of social and economic difficulties that characterize the situation of the inhabitants of a priority urban area will multiply the obstacles and crises in individual pathways (Beaud 2018). Around sixty trajectories have been reconstructed using the method of quantified narratives (Grossetti 2011) and the analysis of the modes of access to employment or other resources such as training and permits, in terms of relational chains. The analysis of these trajectories highlights the importance of family social networks in the pathways, often articulated with other modes of access such as the use of devices - in longer chains than previously observed (Chauvac 2011, 2013) - as well as the complexity of certain pathways and their consequences on the lives of the respondents.The social relationships mentioned and/or mobilised by the respondents, the devices at the different stages of their career, depending on their professional situations, also show the sequence of situations. Finally, the interviews make it possible to list the social relationships mentioned and/or used by the respondents, and to characterise them partly according to their professional situations.In the end, analysis in terms of social networks sheds light on the specificities of these pathways, with the urban area functioning above all as a revealer of the impact of social conditions on all biographical transitions.\u0000 Cet article se fonde sur une recherche participative avec des jeunes habitant·e·s d’un quartier populaire de juin 2018 à juillet 2019 auprès de personnes ayant grandi ou vivant dans leur quartier et","PeriodicalId":280925,"journal":{"name":"Analyse de réseaux pour les sciences sociales","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This report of the thesis "Recommending utopia? A construction of an intergovernmental cooperation by the International Bureau of Education (IBE) in the middle of the 20th century" (Brylinski, 2022), focuses on the use of network analysis to study intergovernmental cooperation in education. The first part sets out the research questions and the data collected. The second describes how network analyses were applied to the Bulletins and to the Minutes published by the IBE. Then, the third part exposes the results obtained, to illustrate how these techniques are useful to study the staging of States, their interactions and cooperation strategies. Network analysis is thus a relevant method to analyze how governments contributed to the construction of the cause which lied at the heart of the cooperation project, namely peace education. This approach makes it possible to improve our understanding of the circulation and co-construction of knowledge within the framework of an intergovernmental organization and the production of international education recommendations. Ce compte rendu de la thèse "Recommander l’utopie ? Construction d’une coopération intergouvernementale par le Bureau International d’Éducation (BIE) au milieu du 20e siècle" (Brylinski, 2022) porte sur l’intérêt de mobiliser les techniques d’analyse de réseaux pour étudier la coopération intergouvernementale en éducation. La première partie expose les questions de recherche et les données récoltées. La seconde décrit comment l’analyse de réseaux est appliquée aux Bulletins et aux Procès-verbaux publiés par le BIE. Puis, la troisième restitue les résultats obtenus pour illustrer comment ces techniques permettent d’étudier des mises en scène d’États, leurs interactions et stratégies de coopération pour faire-valoir ou marginaliser certains savoirs. Ainsi, l’analyse de réseaux est une méthode pertinente pour révéler comment se construit la cause qui réside au cœur du projet de coopération, à savoir l’éducation pacifique, lorsqu’elle est saisie par des gouvernements. Cette démarche permet d’améliorer notre compréhension de la circulation et la co-construction de savoirs dans le cadre d’une organisation intergouvernementale et de la production des recommandations internationales de l’éducation.
{"title":"Network analysis for the study of intergovernmental cooperation: the case of the International Bureau of Education (1929-1958)","authors":"Émeline Brylinski","doi":"10.46298/arcs.11398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.11398","url":null,"abstract":"This report of the thesis \"Recommending utopia? A construction of an intergovernmental cooperation by the International Bureau of Education (IBE) in the middle of the 20th century\" (Brylinski, 2022), focuses on the use of network analysis to study intergovernmental cooperation in education. The first part sets out the research questions and the data collected. The second describes how network analyses were applied to the Bulletins and to the Minutes published by the IBE. Then, the third part exposes the results obtained, to illustrate how these techniques are useful to study the staging of States, their interactions and cooperation strategies. Network analysis is thus a relevant method to analyze how governments contributed to the construction of the cause which lied at the heart of the cooperation project, namely peace education. This approach makes it possible to improve our understanding of the circulation and co-construction of knowledge within the framework of an intergovernmental organization and the production of international education recommendations.\u0000 Ce compte rendu de la thèse \"Recommander l’utopie ? Construction d’une coopération intergouvernementale par le Bureau International d’Éducation (BIE) au milieu du 20e siècle\" (Brylinski, 2022) porte sur l’intérêt de mobiliser les techniques d’analyse de réseaux pour étudier la coopération intergouvernementale en éducation. La première partie expose les questions de recherche et les données récoltées. La seconde décrit comment l’analyse de réseaux est appliquée aux Bulletins et aux Procès-verbaux publiés par le BIE. Puis, la troisième restitue les résultats obtenus pour illustrer comment ces techniques permettent d’étudier des mises en scène d’États, leurs interactions et stratégies de coopération pour faire-valoir ou marginaliser certains savoirs. Ainsi, l’analyse de réseaux est une méthode pertinente pour révéler comment se construit la cause qui réside au cœur du projet de coopération, à savoir l’éducation pacifique, lorsqu’elle est saisie par des gouvernements. Cette démarche permet d’améliorer notre compréhension de la circulation et la co-construction de savoirs dans le cadre d’une organisation intergouvernementale et de la production des recommandations internationales de l’éducation.","PeriodicalId":280925,"journal":{"name":"Analyse de réseaux pour les sciences sociales","volume":"12 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140962307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This account reviews the presentations made at the second Frognet conference, a French-speaking conference on graphs and social net- works. The conference was held in Montpellier on 6 and 7 April 2023. We detail the main themes addressed, the major sociometric surveys used, and the diversity of methodological approaches, sources and issues represented at the conference. Ce compte rendu revient sur les présentations de la deuxième conférence Frognet : conférence francophone sur les graphes et les réseaux sociaux. Cette édition s’est tenue à Montpellier les 6 et 7 avril 2023. Le compte-rendu détaille les grandes thématiques abor- dées, les grandes enquêtes sociométriques mobilisées, la diversité des approches méthodologiques, des sources et des questionnements représentés dans la conférence.
{"title":"An account of the second edition of the Frognet conference","authors":"Thomas Boissonneau, Marion Maisonobe","doi":"10.46298/arcs.12317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.12317","url":null,"abstract":"This account reviews the presentations made at the second Frognet conference, a French-speaking conference on graphs and social net- works. The conference was held in Montpellier on 6 and 7 April 2023. We detail the main themes addressed, the major sociometric surveys used, and the diversity of methodological approaches, sources and issues represented at the conference.\u0000 Ce compte rendu revient sur les présentations de la deuxième conférence Frognet : conférence francophone sur les graphes et les réseaux sociaux. Cette édition s’est tenue à Montpellier les 6 et 7 avril 2023. Le compte-rendu détaille les grandes thématiques abor- dées, les grandes enquêtes sociométriques mobilisées, la diversité des approches méthodologiques, des sources et des questionnements représentés dans la conférence.","PeriodicalId":280925,"journal":{"name":"Analyse de réseaux pour les sciences sociales","volume":"58 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140965457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collective action among farmers is regularly presented as a driver for the adoption of agroecological practices on farms. This study proposes to extend the analysis of relational drivers in the implementation of changes in practices beyond peer groups, by looking at their collective organization around territorialized supply chains involving other actors. More specifically, this paper proposes to study the role that this collective organization around territorial supply chains plays in the changes toward agroecological practices carried out on farms.The study of the individual farm trajectories as a chain of events is an approach that allows the understanding and analysis of changes in practices. As we are interested in coordination mechanisms based on interactions between actors as a driver for agroecological transition, we mobilize the framework and tools of social network analysis. In particular, in order to analyse the relational drivers in the trajectories of changes practices, we mobilize the relational chain approach through the method of quantified narratives. This approach allows us to understand changes in practices on farms as collective actions, through the study of relationships activated by farmers in order to have access to different types of resources during their trajectory. Thus, our work feeds the literature mobilizing the method of quantified narratives for the analysis of farm transition trajectories, which we modulate by focusing on the trajectory of a particular cropping system analysed through the agronomic and socio-economic principles of agroecology. We conducted semi-structured interviews with eight farmers who are members of a territorial organic wheat-flour- bread supply chain collective that includes a miller and a baker, all located in the plain of Limagne (Puy-de-Dôme, France). Following these interviews focused on their changes in wheat-growing practices, we identified five phases of agronomic and socio-economic coherence in their trajectories, that we evaluated through the prism of the agroecological principles. We then identified the relationships activated by the farmers to access the various resources needed to carry out the changes in practices during these different phases. Based on their trajectories, a typology of farms was created. This typology helps to understand the different roles played by farmers’ collectives developing territorial supply chains in the different types of farms, by analysing during which phases of the trajectory they intervene, to provide access to which resources, in articulation with which other actors. Although the interests for participation vary between the different types of farms, it appears that the farmers’ collective developing territorial supply chains systematically give access to commercial, cognitive, social and material resources. As a result, they favour access to strategic resources on the farms, making it possible to couple changes in agricultural practices and thei
农民之间的集体行动经常被视为农场采用生态农业实践的驱动力。本研究建议将对实施实践变革的关系驱动因素的分析扩展到同行群体之外，研究他们围绕涉及其他参与者的地域化供应链所形成的集体组织。更具体地说，本文建议研究这种围绕地域供应链的集体组织在农场生态农业实践变革中所发挥的作用。将单个农场的发展轨迹作为事件链进行研究，是一种能够理解和分析实践变革的方法。由于我们对以参与者之间的互动为基础的协调机制作为生态农业转型的驱动力感兴趣，因此我们采用了社会网络分析的框架和工具。特别是，为了分析实践变化轨迹中的关系驱动因素，我们通过量化叙述的方法，采用了关系链方法。这种方法使我们能够通过研究农民为获得不同类型的资源而激活的关系，将农场实践的变化理解为集体行动。因此，我们的工作是对文献的补充，将量化叙事方法用于分析农场转型轨迹，我们将重点放在通过生态农业的农艺学和社会经济学原理分析特定种植系统的轨迹上。我们对八位农民进行了半结构化访谈，他们是一个地区性有机小麦-面粉-面包供应链集体的成员，其中包括一位磨坊主和一位面包师，他们都位于利马涅平原（法国多姆省）。在对他们的小麦种植实践变化进行访谈后，我们确定了他们轨迹中的五个农业经济和社会经济一致性阶段，并通过生态农业原则的棱镜对其进行了评估。然后，我们确定了农民在这些不同阶段为获得各种必要资源而启动的关系，以实施种植方法的改变。根据农场的发展轨迹，我们对农场进行了分类。这种类型学通过分析农民集体在轨迹的哪些阶段进行干预、提供哪些资源、与哪些其他参与者进行联系，有助于理解农民集体在不同类型的农场中发展地区供应链所扮演的不同角色。虽然不同类型农场的参与利益各不相同，但发展地区供应链的农民集体似乎有计划地提供商业、认知、社会和物质资源。因此，它们有利于获得农场的战略资源，从而有可能将农业实践及其经济价值的变化结合起来。这些资源有助于农民在其发展过程中改变姿态，从原材料生产者的角色转变为农业生态产品共同设计者的角色。L'action collective entre agriculteurs est régulièrement présentée comme un levier pour la mise en oeuvre de changements de pratiques agroécologiques dans les exploitations agricoles.本研究建议对在双人组中采用农业生产方式变革的相关因素进行分析，并对其在领土范围内的集体组织和其他行为者的干预进行研究。为实现这一目标，在对 8 名农业生产者进行半直接访谈的过程中，采用了量化叙述的方法，这些农业生产者是由一名牧场主和一名面包师组成的领地集体的成员。通过对这些轨迹的分析，可以建立一个有利于理解领地集体在不同成员的实践变化中所扮演的角色的土壤类型学。尽管不同类型的社区对参与集体经济的兴趣各不相同，但集体经济可以系统地获取商 业、认知、社会和物质资源。因此，集体有利于在农业开发中获取战略资源，从而促进农业实践变革的实施及其经济价值化。这些资源有助于改变农业生产者在其发展过程中的姿态，从初级产品的生产者转变为农业生态产品的生产者。
{"title":"The role of farmer collectives developing territorialized supply chains on the agroecological transition trajectories of farms: analysis using the quantified narratives method","authors":"Alice Gillerot, Philippe Jeanneaux, Etienne Polge","doi":"10.46298/arcs.10874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10874","url":null,"abstract":"Collective action among farmers is regularly presented as a driver for the adoption of agroecological practices on farms. This study proposes to extend the analysis of relational drivers in the implementation of changes in practices beyond peer groups, by looking at their collective organization around territorialized supply chains involving other actors. More specifically, this paper proposes to study the role that this collective organization around territorial supply chains plays in the changes toward agroecological practices carried out on farms.The study of the individual farm trajectories as a chain of events is an approach that allows the understanding and analysis of changes in practices. As we are interested in coordination mechanisms based on interactions between actors as a driver for agroecological transition, we mobilize the framework and tools of social network analysis. In particular, in order to analyse the relational drivers in the trajectories of changes practices, we mobilize the relational chain approach through the method of quantified narratives. This approach allows us to understand changes in practices on farms as collective actions, through the study of relationships activated by farmers in order to have access to different types of resources during their trajectory. Thus, our work feeds the literature mobilizing the method of quantified narratives for the analysis of farm transition trajectories, which we modulate by focusing on the trajectory of a particular cropping system analysed through the agronomic and socio-economic principles of agroecology. We conducted semi-structured interviews with eight farmers who are members of a territorial organic wheat-flour- bread supply chain collective that includes a miller and a baker, all located in the plain of Limagne (Puy-de-Dôme, France). Following these interviews focused on their changes in wheat-growing practices, we identified five phases of agronomic and socio-economic coherence in their trajectories, that we evaluated through the prism of the agroecological principles. We then identified the relationships activated by the farmers to access the various resources needed to carry out the changes in practices during these different phases. Based on their trajectories, a typology of farms was created. This typology helps to understand the different roles played by farmers’ collectives developing territorial supply chains in the different types of farms, by analysing during which phases of the trajectory they intervene, to provide access to which resources, in articulation with which other actors. Although the interests for participation vary between the different types of farms, it appears that the farmers’ collective developing territorial supply chains systematically give access to commercial, cognitive, social and material resources. As a result, they favour access to strategic resources on the farms, making it possible to couple changes in agricultural practices and thei","PeriodicalId":280925,"journal":{"name":"Analyse de réseaux pour les sciences sociales","volume":"54 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140968495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plutniak, Sébastien. 2021. “Assyrian Merchants meet Nuclear Physicists: History of the Early Contributions from Social Sciences to Computer Science. The Case of Automatic Pattern Detection in Graphs (1950s–1970s)”, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 46, 4, p. 547-568, doi: 10.1080/03080188.2021.1877502. La détection de communautés est une question centrale en analyse de réseaux. Cet article combine une approche socio-historique à la reconstruction expérimentale de programmes informatiques afin d'éclairer l'histoire des premiers algorithmes de détection de cliques, problème qui compte encore aujourd'hui parmi les problèmes NP-complets non résolus. Restituer les recherches menées par l'archéologue Jean-Claude Gardin depuis les années 1950 sur le traitement de l'information non numérique et l'analyse de graphes met en évidence ces contributions précoces à l'informatique réalisées depuis les sciences humaines et sociales. Ces applications originales de l'informatique aux humanités ont reçu une réception et une reconnaissance limitées. Ce fait est éclairé par deux facteurs : 1) les politiques de financement, qui ont motivé le transfert des efforts de recherche sur les graphes depuis un éphémère espace interdisciplinaire vers des organisations de recherche en informatique, domaine alors émergent ; 2) les carrières erratiques des algorithmes, où l'efficacité, les erreurs, les corrections et le statut des auteurs ont été des facteurs déterminants. Ces facteurs se combinent aux effets des historiographies et des bibliographies sur la conservation, la découvrabilité et la réutilisation des résultats scientifiques.
{"title":"Carrières d’algorithmes : la détection automatique de motifs dans des graphes (années 1950–1970). Contribution à l’histoire des premiers apports des sciences sociales à l’informatique","authors":"Sébastien Plutniak","doi":"10.46298/arcs.10756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10756","url":null,"abstract":"Plutniak, Sébastien. 2021. “Assyrian Merchants meet Nuclear Physicists: History of the Early Contributions from Social Sciences to Computer Science. The Case of Automatic Pattern Detection in Graphs (1950s–1970s)”, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 46, 4, p. 547-568, doi: 10.1080/03080188.2021.1877502.\u0000 La détection de communautés est une question centrale en analyse de réseaux. Cet article combine une approche socio-historique à la reconstruction expérimentale de programmes informatiques afin d'éclairer l'histoire des premiers algorithmes de détection de cliques, problème qui compte encore aujourd'hui parmi les problèmes NP-complets non résolus. Restituer les recherches menées par l'archéologue Jean-Claude Gardin depuis les années 1950 sur le traitement de l'information non numérique et l'analyse de graphes met en évidence ces contributions précoces à l'informatique réalisées depuis les sciences humaines et sociales. Ces applications originales de l'informatique aux humanités ont reçu une réception et une reconnaissance limitées. Ce fait est éclairé par deux facteurs : 1) les politiques de financement, qui ont motivé le transfert des efforts de recherche sur les graphes depuis un éphémère espace interdisciplinaire vers des organisations de recherche en informatique, domaine alors émergent ; 2) les carrières erratiques des algorithmes, où l'efficacité, les erreurs, les corrections et le statut des auteurs ont été des facteurs déterminants. Ces facteurs se combinent aux effets des historiographies et des bibliographies sur la conservation, la découvrabilité et la réutilisation des résultats scientifiques.","PeriodicalId":280925,"journal":{"name":"Analyse de réseaux pour les sciences sociales","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous projects, which today are described as social innovations, are being developed in response to the recent crises to meet various unsatisfied social needs (housing, climate, ageing, inequalities, etc.). Their highly collective nature implies a better understanding of the ways in which the partners involved in these projects are connected, which we propose to do using the relational chain method. The data collected using this method highlights the significant use of non-personal arrangements (circles and calls for projects) to obtain the support of institutions (local authorities) or organisations (foundations); interpersonal relationships—essentially professional—appear to be mobilised less frequently and mainly to access the world of research. De nombreux projets qualifiés aujourd'hui d'innovation sociale se développent face aux crises récentes pour répondre à différents besoins sociaux non satisfaits (logement, climat, vieillissement, inégalités, etc.). Leur nature éminemment collective implique de mieux comprendre les modalités de mise en relation des partenaires impliqués dans ces projets, ce que nous nous proposons de faire en mobilisant la méthode des chaines relationnelles. Les données collectées grâce à cette méthode mettent en évidence le recours important aux dispositifs non personnels (cercles de l'ESS et appels à projets) pour obtenir le support d'institutions (collectivités) ou d'organisations (fondations) ; les relations interpersonnelles-essentiellement professionnelles-apparaissent quant à elles mobilisées plus rarement et principalement pour accéder au monde de la recherche.
{"title":"Collective dimension of social innovation projects: the contribution of relational chains","authors":"Marie Ferru, Jade Omer","doi":"10.46298/arcs.10859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10859","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous projects, which today are described as social innovations, are being developed in response to the recent crises to meet various unsatisfied social needs (housing, climate, ageing, inequalities, etc.). Their highly collective nature implies a better understanding of the ways in which the partners involved in these projects are connected, which we propose to do using the relational chain method. The data collected using this method highlights the significant use of non-personal arrangements (circles and calls for projects) to obtain the support of institutions (local authorities) or organisations (foundations); interpersonal relationships—essentially professional—appear to be mobilised less frequently and mainly to access the world of research.\u0000 De nombreux projets qualifiés aujourd'hui d'innovation sociale se développent face aux crises récentes pour répondre à différents besoins sociaux non satisfaits (logement, climat, vieillissement, inégalités, etc.). Leur nature éminemment collective implique de mieux comprendre les modalités de mise en relation des partenaires impliqués dans ces projets, ce que nous nous proposons de faire en mobilisant la méthode des chaines relationnelles. Les données collectées grâce à cette méthode mettent en évidence le recours important aux dispositifs non personnels (cercles de l'ESS et appels à projets) pour obtenir le support d'institutions (collectivités) ou d'organisations (fondations) ; les relations interpersonnelles-essentiellement professionnelles-apparaissent quant à elles mobilisées plus rarement et principalement pour accéder au monde de la recherche.","PeriodicalId":280925,"journal":{"name":"Analyse de réseaux pour les sciences sociales","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Élise Autrive, Laurent Beauguitte, N. Briot, Pauline Gourdon
Trois géographes ayant soutenu en 2021 et mobilisant des méthodes d'analyse de réseau issues d'autres disciplines (sociologie, informatique, physique) expliquent le choix des méthodes, des indicateurs et des logiciels utilisés dans leurs travaux. Iels insistent à la fois sur la faiblesse de la formation initiale et le rôle crucial de l'auto-formation. Les forces et faiblesses de l'analyse de réseau et des visualisations de type liens-noeuds sont enfin évoqués.
{"title":"Pratiques de l'analyse de réseau en géographie. Formations et emprunts disciplinaires","authors":"Élise Autrive, Laurent Beauguitte, N. Briot, Pauline Gourdon","doi":"10.46298/arcs.10787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10787","url":null,"abstract":"Trois géographes ayant soutenu en 2021 et mobilisant des méthodes d'analyse de réseau issues d'autres disciplines (sociologie, informatique, physique) expliquent le choix des méthodes, des indicateurs et des logiciels utilisés dans leurs travaux. Iels insistent à la fois sur la faiblesse de la formation initiale et le rôle crucial de l'auto-formation. Les forces et faiblesses de l'analyse de réseau et des visualisations de type liens-noeuds sont enfin évoqués.","PeriodicalId":280925,"journal":{"name":"Analyse de réseaux pour les sciences sociales","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140080072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Compte rendu de la journée d'étude Araqnée (Analyse de Réseaux AppliQuée aux donNÉes de SantÉ)
araqnee学习日报告(应用于健康数据的网络分析)
{"title":"Social network analysis applied to healthcare data: inventory, discussion and perspectives","authors":"C. Gandré","doi":"10.46298/arcs.9168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9168","url":null,"abstract":"Compte rendu de la journée d'étude Araqnée (Analyse de Réseaux AppliQuée aux donNÉes de SantÉ)","PeriodicalId":280925,"journal":{"name":"Analyse de réseaux pour les sciences sociales","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129530328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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