This contribution summarises the results of anthracological analyses conducted on the remains of charcoal from workshop and residential areas extracted during small-scale excavations at four sites around Virje and Hlebine. The aim was to determine wood taxa from iron production workshop contexts and from adjacent residential areas, or from other activities, such as timber construction or production of everyday objects. Further interests included reconstructing the availability of wood as a raw material and understanding the natural environment around the mentioned sites across various periods of their occupation and activities.
{"title":"Anthracological Analysis of Samples from Four Sites with Smelting Activity Around Virje and Hlebine","authors":"Katarina Botić, M. Culiberg","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv20rsk2k.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv20rsk2k.12","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution summarises the results of anthracological analyses conducted on the remains of charcoal from workshop and residential areas extracted during small-scale excavations at four sites around Virje and Hlebine. The aim was to determine wood taxa from iron production workshop contexts and from adjacent residential areas, or from other activities, such as timber construction or production of everyday objects. Further interests included reconstructing the availability of wood as a raw material and understanding the natural environment around the mentioned sites across various periods of their occupation and activities.","PeriodicalId":281363,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research into Iron Metallurgy along the Drava River in Croatia","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126073429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Back Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv20rsk2k.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv20rsk2k.20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":281363,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research into Iron Metallurgy along the Drava River in Croatia","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125008531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents basic objectives and methods used to design the spatial database within the project ‘Iron production along the Drava River in the Roman period and the Middle Ages: Creation and transfer of knowledge, technologies, and goods’ (TransFER), funded by the Croatian Science Foundation (IP-06-2016-5047). The database has been conceived and implemented to facilitate spatial analysis based on the objectives of the research into iron production along the Drava River in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. The selected data has been made accessible to the external user via the project’s webpage in the form of a Web-GIS browser.
{"title":"The Spatial Database of the TransFER project","authors":"Tena Karavidović","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv20rsk2k.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv20rsk2k.16","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents basic objectives and methods used to design the spatial database within the project ‘Iron production along the Drava River in the Roman period and the Middle Ages: Creation and transfer of knowledge, technologies, and goods’ (TransFER), funded by the Croatian Science Foundation (IP-06-2016-5047). The database has been conceived and implemented to facilitate spatial analysis based on the objectives of the research into iron production along the Drava River in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. The selected data has been made accessible to the external user via the project’s webpage in the form of a Web-GIS browser.","PeriodicalId":281363,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research into Iron Metallurgy along the Drava River in Croatia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129470551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evidence of Iron Metallurgy at the Okuje Site – from Findings to Presentation in the Exhibition and More…","authors":"A. Bugar","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv20rsk2k.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv20rsk2k.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":281363,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research into Iron Metallurgy along the Drava River in Croatia","volume":"22 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130635627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several years of excavations at the site of Virje–Volarski Breg/Sušine uncovered the remains of a settlement from the Late Bronze and Late Iron Ages. The finds of a bronze pin and potsherds from the Late Bronze Age enabled the dating of the settlement to the early and late phases of the Urnfield culture, with the settlement at Volarski Breg being older than the one at Sušine. The excavations revealed parts of La Tène settlement infrastructure, which indicated that it was a prominent lowland settlement from the Middle and Late La Tène. They included the exceptional discovery of a pit with the remains of a loom. Both for the organization of the La Tène culture settlement and for its pottery finds, there are parallels in the known settlements from the middle Drava valley and the neighbouring areas of north-eastern Slovenia and south-western Hungary. These settlements are considered to have a rural character and to be the result of the life needs of small agricultural communities integrated in the landscape. The explored parts of the infrastructure of these settlements show that they were organized around single households. The intensive habitation of the middle Drava valley in the Late Bronze and Late Iron Ages is not at all surprising, since the area was crossed by an important communication route between the south-eastern Alpine region and the Danube region.
{"title":"Prehistoric Settlement at Virje–Volarski Breg/Sušine","authors":"Marko Dizdar, D. Dizdar","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv20rsk2k.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv20rsk2k.10","url":null,"abstract":"Several years of excavations at the site of Virje–Volarski Breg/Sušine uncovered the remains of a settlement from the Late Bronze and Late Iron Ages. The finds of a bronze pin and potsherds from the Late Bronze Age enabled the dating of the settlement to the early and late phases of the Urnfield culture, with the settlement at Volarski Breg being older than the one at Sušine. The excavations revealed parts of La Tène settlement infrastructure, which indicated that it was a prominent lowland settlement from the Middle and Late La Tène. They included the exceptional discovery of a pit with the remains of a loom. Both for the organization of the La Tène culture settlement and for its pottery finds, there are parallels in the known settlements from the middle Drava valley and the neighbouring areas of north-eastern Slovenia and south-western Hungary. These settlements are considered to have a rural character and to be the result of the life needs of small agricultural communities integrated in the landscape. The explored parts of the infrastructure of these settlements show that they were organized around single households. The intensive habitation of the middle Drava valley in the Late Bronze and Late Iron Ages is not at all surprising, since the area was crossed by an important communication route between the south-eastern Alpine region and the Danube region.","PeriodicalId":281363,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research into Iron Metallurgy along the Drava River in Croatia","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132835809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The studied material includes animal remains from the four archaeological sites in the Podravina region of Croatia. The animal remains originate from sites with traces of metallurgical activity as well as from some settlement features which were also investigated. According to C14 analysis, and comparison with archaeological finds excavated in the vicinity of Torčec, the majority of the finds date from the period of Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages. At all four sites, the animal remains were damaged, sporadic findings, which made a complete archaeozoological analysis impossible. A descriptive primary analysis (element representation and taxonomic interpretation) was carried out. At all sites the remains were mainly from domestic mammals. One fragment of a bird bone was also found, but species determination was not possible. Particular attention was paid to the taphonomic effects on the bones.
{"title":"Bone Remains from Archaeological Sites in the Podravina Area with Traces of Metallurgical Activity","authors":"S. Kužir, Lucija Bastiančić, N. Škvorc","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv20rsk2k.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv20rsk2k.14","url":null,"abstract":"The studied material includes animal remains from the four archaeological sites in the Podravina region of Croatia. The animal remains originate from sites with traces of metallurgical activity as well as from some settlement features which were also investigated. According to C14 analysis, and comparison with archaeological finds excavated in the vicinity of Torčec, the majority of the finds date from the period of Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages. At all four sites, the animal remains were damaged, sporadic findings, which made a complete archaeozoological analysis impossible. A descriptive primary analysis (element representation and taxonomic interpretation) was carried out. At all sites the remains were mainly from domestic mammals. One fragment of a bird bone was also found, but species determination was not possible. Particular attention was paid to the taphonomic effects on the bones.","PeriodicalId":281363,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research into Iron Metallurgy along the Drava River in Croatia","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128936350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scientific and Professional Activities within the TransFER Project (2017-2021)","authors":"T. S. Ivančan, Tena Karavidović","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv20rsk2k.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv20rsk2k.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":281363,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research into Iron Metallurgy along the Drava River in Croatia","volume":"51 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131122680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32028/9781803271026-15
A. Bugar
This contribution briefly discusses the Okuje archaeological site near Zagreb and the investigated traces of metallurgical activity, i.e. early iron production. As part of the TransFER project, Zagreb’s City Museum participated by presenting material from the Okuje site as comparative material to that investigated at the Podravina archaeological sites and by promoting knowledge to its visitors, chiefly by hosting in Zagreb the Koprivnica City Museum’s exhibition ‘Tajne željeza’ (The Secrets of Iron), simultaneously with its own event ‘Okuj(m)e! – Tragovi rane proizvodnje željeza u Zagrebačkom polju’ (Okuj(m)e! – Traces of early iron production around Zagreb).
本文简要讨论了萨格勒布附近的Okuje考古遗址和已调查的冶金活动痕迹，即早期铁生产。作为TransFER项目的一部分，萨格勒布城市博物馆参与其中，将Okuje遗址的材料与Podravina考古遗址的材料进行比较，并向游客宣传知识，主要是在萨格勒布举办Koprivnica城市博物馆的展览“Tajne željeza”(铁的秘密)，同时举办自己的活动“Okuj(m)e!”- Tragovi rane proizvodnje željeza u zagreba kom polju ' (Okuj(m)e!-萨格勒布附近早期铁生产的痕迹)。
{"title":"Evidence of Iron Metallurgy at the Okuje Site - from Findings to Presentation in the Exhibition and More","authors":"A. Bugar","doi":"10.32028/9781803271026-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32028/9781803271026-15","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution briefly discusses the Okuje archaeological site near Zagreb and the investigated traces of metallurgical activity, i.e. early iron production. As part of the TransFER project, Zagreb’s City Museum participated by presenting material from the Okuje site as comparative material to that investigated at the Podravina archaeological sites and by promoting knowledge to its visitors, chiefly by hosting in Zagreb the Koprivnica City Museum’s exhibition ‘Tajne željeza’ (The Secrets of Iron), simultaneously with its own event ‘Okuj(m)e! – Tragovi rane proizvodnje željeza u Zagrebačkom polju’ (Okuj(m)e! – Traces of early iron production around Zagreb).","PeriodicalId":281363,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research into Iron Metallurgy along the Drava River in Croatia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122961140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32028/9781803271026-8
T. Sekelj Ivančan
This work presents the results of targeted archaeological excavations of settlement structures investigated at sites in the vicinity of Hlebine and Virje in the Croatian Drava River basin (Podravina region). These were the positions of Dedanovice and Velike Hlebine, along with Volarski Breg and Sušine, where earlier investigations had confirmed metallurgical activities connected to the processing and production of iron. On the basis of the analysis of fragments of pottery vessels, which itself is based on the morphological and technological characteristics of the collected pottery material, a determination was made of the chronological classification for the settlement units from which the pottery came, through the application of relative chronological methodology. The relative chronological image derived from the pottery vessels, supplemented by other small finds of objects of everyday usage, has been confirmed by absolute dating from charcoal samples from the same settlement units. This comprehensive analysis of the immobile and mobile material has confirmed the settlement of the vicinity of Virje and Hlebine during the period of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, or rather the period when intensive metallurgical activity was noted at these sites. Life was also documented as having existed at these sites during the earlier prehistoric period, as well, continuing into later periods, also during the High Middle Ages and early Modern periods, which indicates that this area, because of its natural and geographical features was considered favourable for settlement over the course of many centuries. Keywords: Hlebine, Virje, settlement features, pottery fragments, Late Antiquity, Middle Ages
{"title":"The Archaeological Remains of Settlement at Sites with Smelting Workshop Features in the Podravina Region (Croatian Drava River Basin)","authors":"T. Sekelj Ivančan","doi":"10.32028/9781803271026-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32028/9781803271026-8","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the results of targeted archaeological excavations of settlement structures investigated at sites in the vicinity of Hlebine and Virje in the Croatian Drava River basin (Podravina region). These were the positions of Dedanovice and Velike Hlebine, along with Volarski Breg and Sušine, where earlier investigations had confirmed metallurgical activities connected to the processing and production of iron. On the basis of the analysis of fragments of pottery vessels, which itself is based on the morphological and technological characteristics of the collected pottery material, a determination was made of the chronological classification for the settlement units from which the pottery came, through the application of relative chronological methodology. The relative chronological image derived from the pottery vessels, supplemented by other small finds of objects of everyday usage, has been confirmed by absolute dating from charcoal samples from the same settlement units. This comprehensive analysis of the immobile and mobile material has confirmed the settlement of the vicinity of Virje and Hlebine during the period of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, or rather the period when intensive metallurgical activity was noted at these sites. Life was also documented as having existed at these sites during the earlier prehistoric period, as well, continuing into later periods, also during the High Middle Ages and early Modern periods, which indicates that this area, because of its natural and geographical features was considered favourable for settlement over the course of many centuries. Keywords: Hlebine, Virje, settlement features, pottery fragments, Late Antiquity, Middle Ages","PeriodicalId":281363,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research into Iron Metallurgy along the Drava River in Croatia","volume":"341 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115887845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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