J. Garland, A.J. Barnett, T.P. Burchette, V.P. Wright
This Special Publication is a compendium of studies on carbonate petroleum reservoirs from several key areas, together with subsurface examples of renewable energy generation, storage and sequestration. It shows how the tools developed entirely for petroleum reservoir exploitation are now being utilized to enable aspects of our new low-carbon environment.
{"title":"About this title - Carbonate Reservoirs: Applying Current Knowledge to Future Energy Needs","authors":"J. Garland, A.J. Barnett, T.P. Burchette, V.P. Wright","doi":"10.1144/sp548-000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp548-000","url":null,"abstract":"This Special Publication is a compendium of studies on carbonate petroleum reservoirs from several key areas, together with subsurface examples of renewable energy generation, storage and sequestration. It shows how the tools developed entirely for petroleum reservoir exploitation are now being utilized to enable aspects of our new low-carbon environment.","PeriodicalId":281618,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications","volume":"185 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Great Valley of Virginia (GVV) is a section of a much larger geologic structure which spans from the northeastern US through the Mid-Atlantic and to the southeast. While the structural formation of the region represents nearly 1.2 billion years of geologic history, the rocks that remain record vast cycles of tectonic change. The legacy of that geology is a rich and aesthetically attractive region that has drawn many peoples over time to its agricultural fertility and geologic resources. This contribution traces the geologic development of the GVV, the relationship of the GVV to the peoples, both indigenous and European colonizers, that inhabited it over thousands of years, and the geologic resources that they found. Although relatively under-expressed from a geoheritage perspective, the GVV possesses a rich legacy of how its resources supported each society's needs and interests, and the role that the geologic environment of the GVV played at critical moments in the historical development of the US over the last 400 years. Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7047725
{"title":"The Great Valley of Virginia as Place and Time: A Focal Point for Trans-Atlantic and American Geoheritage","authors":"Eric J. Pyle, L. S. Fichter","doi":"10.1144/sp543-2023-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp543-2023-10","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Great Valley of Virginia (GVV) is a section of a much larger geologic structure which spans from the northeastern US through the Mid-Atlantic and to the southeast. While the structural formation of the region represents nearly 1.2 billion years of geologic history, the rocks that remain record vast cycles of tectonic change. The legacy of that geology is a rich and aesthetically attractive region that has drawn many peoples over time to its agricultural fertility and geologic resources. This contribution traces the geologic development of the GVV, the relationship of the GVV to the peoples, both indigenous and European colonizers, that inhabited it over thousands of years, and the geologic resources that they found. Although relatively under-expressed from a geoheritage perspective, the GVV possesses a rich legacy of how its resources supported each society's needs and interests, and the role that the geologic environment of the GVV played at critical moments in the historical development of the US over the last 400 years.\u0000 \u0000 Supplementary material at\u0000 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7047725\u0000","PeriodicalId":281618,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139811182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pterosaurs, the first vertebrates to evolve powered flight, dominated Mesozoic skies from the Late Triassic to the end Cretaceous, a span of around 154 million years (∼220 mya to 66 mya). They achieved their greatest diversity in the mid-Cretaceous and had become globally distributed, even occurring at high latitudes and in a wide range of habitats. The pterosaur record is dominated by occurrences in conservation Lagerstätten in just a handful of countries and a narrow range of temporal windows, most notably China, Germany and Brazil and the Middle-Upper Jurassic and mid-Cretaceous respectively. During the Cretaceous two major pterosaur clades evolved edentulism, such that by the end of the Cretaceous, no toothed pterosaurs survived, having become extinct by the mid-Cenomanian. A distinctive aspect of pterosaur evolution during the mid-Cretaceous was the achievement of gigantic wingspans, perhaps in excess of 10 metres, hyper-elongation of the neck vertebrae in Azhdarchidae, and the evolution of highly elaborate cranial crests. For many years, pterosaur diversity in the terminal stage of the Late Cretaceous was regarded as low, but discoveries in the last few decades have indicated pterosaur taxic diversity remained high until the end Maastrichtian, although morphological diversity may have been low. The demise of the Pterosauria at the K/Pg boundary was most likely due to the same causes as the coeval dinosaur extinction associated with the Chicxulub bolide impact and its environmental repercussions. Faunal replacement by avians is no longer considered a significant factor in pterosaur extinction.
{"title":"Cretaceous pterosaur history, diversity and extinction","authors":"D. Martill, Roy E. Smith","doi":"10.1144/sp544-2023-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp544-2023-126","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pterosaurs, the first vertebrates to evolve powered flight, dominated Mesozoic skies from the Late Triassic to the end Cretaceous, a span of around 154 million years (∼220 mya to 66 mya). They achieved their greatest diversity in the mid-Cretaceous and had become globally distributed, even occurring at high latitudes and in a wide range of habitats. The pterosaur record is dominated by occurrences in conservation Lagerstätten in just a handful of countries and a narrow range of temporal windows, most notably China, Germany and Brazil and the Middle-Upper Jurassic and mid-Cretaceous respectively.\u0000 During the Cretaceous two major pterosaur clades evolved edentulism, such that by the end of the Cretaceous, no toothed pterosaurs survived, having become extinct by the mid-Cenomanian.\u0000 A distinctive aspect of pterosaur evolution during the mid-Cretaceous was the achievement of gigantic wingspans, perhaps in excess of 10 metres, hyper-elongation of the neck vertebrae in Azhdarchidae, and the evolution of highly elaborate cranial crests. For many years, pterosaur diversity in the terminal stage of the Late Cretaceous was regarded as low, but discoveries in the last few decades have indicated pterosaur taxic diversity remained high until the end Maastrichtian, although morphological diversity may have been low. The demise of the Pterosauria at the K/Pg boundary was most likely due to the same causes as the coeval dinosaur extinction associated with the Chicxulub bolide impact and its environmental repercussions. Faunal replacement by avians is no longer considered a significant factor in pterosaur extinction.","PeriodicalId":281618,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications","volume":"45 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139868427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The plant fossil record during the Cretaceous documents a major transition in the dominant group of terrestrial autotrophs, as plant communities from the earlier Mesozoic were transformed by the appearance and rapid diversification of angiosperms. This transformation began in the Early Cretaceous, continued through the Late Cretaceous, and led ultimately to the dominance of angiosperm in most terrestrial ecosystems today, which had profound consequences for the other organisms inhibiting terrestrial ecosystems and perhaps the planet as a whole. Our understanding of angiosperm diversification has been greatly improved over the past 50 years by integrated studies of fossil assemblages containing angiosperm pollen and leaves, but especially by new information from mesofossil floras that have provided previously unanticipated detail on floral form in Cretaceous angiosperms and have allowed the recognition of key dispersed pollen types in situ . Information from fossil flowers has greatly facilitated meaningful comparisons with living plants and integration with phylogenetic analyses of extant angiosperms based on DNA evidence. The combined insights from these discoveries provide a broadly consistent and coherent picture of angiosperm evolution through the Cretaceous, which comprises more than half of their entire evolutionary history.
白垩纪的植物化石记录记录了陆地自养生物群落的重大转变，被子植物的出现和快速多样化改变了中生代早期的植物群落。这种转变开始于早白垩世，一直持续到晚白垩世，最终导致被子植物在当今大多数陆地生态系统中占据主导地位，这对抑制陆地生态系统的其他生物乃至整个地球都产生了深远的影响。在过去的 50 年里，通过对含有被子植物花粉和叶片的化石群进行综合研究，我们对被子植物多样性的认识有了很大的提高，尤其是通过中化石花卉的新信息，提供了白垩纪被子植物花卉形态方面以前未曾预料到的细节，并使我们能够在原地识别关键的散播花粉类型......。化石花的信息极大地促进了与活体植物进行有意义的比较，并与基于 DNA 证据的现生被子植物系统发育分析相结合。这些发现的综合见解为被子植物在白垩纪的演化提供了大致一致和连贯的图景，白垩纪占被子植物整个演化历史的一半以上。
{"title":"The Cretaceous Diversification of Angiosperms: Perspectives from Mesofossils","authors":"E. M. Friis, P. Crane, K. Pedersen","doi":"10.1144/sp544-2023-170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp544-2023-170","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The plant fossil record during the Cretaceous documents a major transition in the dominant group of terrestrial autotrophs, as plant communities from the earlier Mesozoic were transformed by the appearance and rapid diversification of angiosperms. This transformation began in the Early Cretaceous, continued through the Late Cretaceous, and led ultimately to the dominance of angiosperm in most terrestrial ecosystems today, which had profound consequences for the other organisms inhibiting terrestrial ecosystems and perhaps the planet as a whole. Our understanding of angiosperm diversification has been greatly improved over the past 50 years by integrated studies of fossil assemblages containing angiosperm pollen and leaves, but especially by new information from mesofossil floras that have provided previously unanticipated detail on floral form in Cretaceous angiosperms and have allowed the recognition of key dispersed pollen types\u0000 in situ\u0000 . Information from fossil flowers has greatly facilitated meaningful comparisons with living plants and integration with phylogenetic analyses of extant angiosperms based on DNA evidence. The combined insights from these discoveries provide a broadly consistent and coherent picture of angiosperm evolution through the Cretaceous, which comprises more than half of their entire evolutionary history.\u0000","PeriodicalId":281618,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spatiotemporal distributions of Cretaceous rocks differs markedly between the Southwest (SW) and Northeast (NE) Japan arcs. However, four parallel zonal arrangements of rocks are recognized broadly throughout both arcs: mostly non-marine sedimentary rocks in backarc/intra-arc basins; granitic and volcanic rocks in magmatic arcs; predominantly marine and subordinately fluvial sedimentary rocks in forearc basins; and sedimentary rocks of turbiditic and mélange facies in accretionary complexes. These zones constituted a palaeo-Japan continental arc-trench system during the Cretaceous. We describe and correlate 71 Cretaceous backarc/intra-arc and forearc basinal successions from Kyushu (south) to Hokkaido (north) islands, including a southern Sakhalin and two Kuril Arc (eastern Hokkaido) successions. Stratigraphic ranges and major sedimentary facies are generally similar between the SW and NE Japan arcs, except for the pre-Aptian Lower Cretaceous in Hokkaido of NE Japan, suggesting continuity throughout the two arcs during the Cretaceous. Although Cretaceous strata are sporadically exposed in northern Honshu, NE Japan, interpretation of seismic sections suggests that Cretaceous forearc sedimentary rock measuring several tens of kilometres laterally are developed offshore beneath the present Pacific forearc. In contrast, Cretaceous forearc strata in southern SW Japan are distributed along two narrow belts that may have been deformed by post-Early Miocene tectonism.
{"title":"Reconstruction of the Cretaceous continental arc–trench system of the Japanese Islands: A basis for Cretaceous palaeoenvironmental studies","authors":"Hisao Ando, Masaki Takahashi","doi":"10.1144/sp544-2023-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp544-2023-127","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Spatiotemporal distributions of Cretaceous rocks differs markedly between the Southwest (SW) and Northeast (NE) Japan arcs. However, four parallel zonal arrangements of rocks are recognized broadly throughout both arcs: mostly non-marine sedimentary rocks in backarc/intra-arc basins; granitic and volcanic rocks in magmatic arcs; predominantly marine and subordinately fluvial sedimentary rocks in forearc basins; and sedimentary rocks of turbiditic and mélange facies in accretionary complexes. These zones constituted a palaeo-Japan continental arc-trench system during the Cretaceous. We describe and correlate 71 Cretaceous backarc/intra-arc and forearc basinal successions from Kyushu (south) to Hokkaido (north) islands, including a southern Sakhalin and two Kuril Arc (eastern Hokkaido) successions.\u0000 Stratigraphic ranges and major sedimentary facies are generally similar between the SW and NE Japan arcs, except for the pre-Aptian Lower Cretaceous in Hokkaido of NE Japan, suggesting continuity throughout the two arcs during the Cretaceous. Although Cretaceous strata are sporadically exposed in northern Honshu, NE Japan, interpretation of seismic sections suggests that Cretaceous forearc sedimentary rock measuring several tens of kilometres laterally are developed offshore beneath the present Pacific forearc. In contrast, Cretaceous forearc strata in southern SW Japan are distributed along two narrow belts that may have been deformed by post-Early Miocene tectonism.","PeriodicalId":281618,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Great Valley of Virginia (GVV) is a section of a much larger geologic structure which spans from the northeastern US through the Mid-Atlantic and to the southeast. While the structural formation of the region represents nearly 1.2 billion years of geologic history, the rocks that remain record vast cycles of tectonic change. The legacy of that geology is a rich and aesthetically attractive region that has drawn many peoples over time to its agricultural fertility and geologic resources. This contribution traces the geologic development of the GVV, the relationship of the GVV to the peoples, both indigenous and European colonizers, that inhabited it over thousands of years, and the geologic resources that they found. Although relatively under-expressed from a geoheritage perspective, the GVV possesses a rich legacy of how its resources supported each society's needs and interests, and the role that the geologic environment of the GVV played at critical moments in the historical development of the US over the last 400 years. Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7047725
{"title":"The Great Valley of Virginia as Place and Time: A Focal Point for Trans-Atlantic and American Geoheritage","authors":"Eric J. Pyle, L. S. Fichter","doi":"10.1144/sp543-2023-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp543-2023-10","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Great Valley of Virginia (GVV) is a section of a much larger geologic structure which spans from the northeastern US through the Mid-Atlantic and to the southeast. While the structural formation of the region represents nearly 1.2 billion years of geologic history, the rocks that remain record vast cycles of tectonic change. The legacy of that geology is a rich and aesthetically attractive region that has drawn many peoples over time to its agricultural fertility and geologic resources. This contribution traces the geologic development of the GVV, the relationship of the GVV to the peoples, both indigenous and European colonizers, that inhabited it over thousands of years, and the geologic resources that they found. Although relatively under-expressed from a geoheritage perspective, the GVV possesses a rich legacy of how its resources supported each society's needs and interests, and the role that the geologic environment of the GVV played at critical moments in the historical development of the US over the last 400 years.\u0000 \u0000 Supplementary material at\u0000 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7047725\u0000","PeriodicalId":281618,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139871205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pterosaurs, the first vertebrates to evolve powered flight, dominated Mesozoic skies from the Late Triassic to the end Cretaceous, a span of around 154 million years (∼220 mya to 66 mya). They achieved their greatest diversity in the mid-Cretaceous and had become globally distributed, even occurring at high latitudes and in a wide range of habitats. The pterosaur record is dominated by occurrences in conservation Lagerstätten in just a handful of countries and a narrow range of temporal windows, most notably China, Germany and Brazil and the Middle-Upper Jurassic and mid-Cretaceous respectively. During the Cretaceous two major pterosaur clades evolved edentulism, such that by the end of the Cretaceous, no toothed pterosaurs survived, having become extinct by the mid-Cenomanian. A distinctive aspect of pterosaur evolution during the mid-Cretaceous was the achievement of gigantic wingspans, perhaps in excess of 10 metres, hyper-elongation of the neck vertebrae in Azhdarchidae, and the evolution of highly elaborate cranial crests. For many years, pterosaur diversity in the terminal stage of the Late Cretaceous was regarded as low, but discoveries in the last few decades have indicated pterosaur taxic diversity remained high until the end Maastrichtian, although morphological diversity may have been low. The demise of the Pterosauria at the K/Pg boundary was most likely due to the same causes as the coeval dinosaur extinction associated with the Chicxulub bolide impact and its environmental repercussions. Faunal replacement by avians is no longer considered a significant factor in pterosaur extinction.
{"title":"Cretaceous pterosaur history, diversity and extinction","authors":"D. Martill, Roy E. Smith","doi":"10.1144/sp544-2023-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp544-2023-126","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pterosaurs, the first vertebrates to evolve powered flight, dominated Mesozoic skies from the Late Triassic to the end Cretaceous, a span of around 154 million years (∼220 mya to 66 mya). They achieved their greatest diversity in the mid-Cretaceous and had become globally distributed, even occurring at high latitudes and in a wide range of habitats. The pterosaur record is dominated by occurrences in conservation Lagerstätten in just a handful of countries and a narrow range of temporal windows, most notably China, Germany and Brazil and the Middle-Upper Jurassic and mid-Cretaceous respectively.\u0000 During the Cretaceous two major pterosaur clades evolved edentulism, such that by the end of the Cretaceous, no toothed pterosaurs survived, having become extinct by the mid-Cenomanian.\u0000 A distinctive aspect of pterosaur evolution during the mid-Cretaceous was the achievement of gigantic wingspans, perhaps in excess of 10 metres, hyper-elongation of the neck vertebrae in Azhdarchidae, and the evolution of highly elaborate cranial crests. For many years, pterosaur diversity in the terminal stage of the Late Cretaceous was regarded as low, but discoveries in the last few decades have indicated pterosaur taxic diversity remained high until the end Maastrichtian, although morphological diversity may have been low. The demise of the Pterosauria at the K/Pg boundary was most likely due to the same causes as the coeval dinosaur extinction associated with the Chicxulub bolide impact and its environmental repercussions. Faunal replacement by avians is no longer considered a significant factor in pterosaur extinction.","PeriodicalId":281618,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139808968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Olivares, J. Findlay, R. Kelly, S. Otto, M. Norman, M. Cairns
Native hydrogen and helium have been considered important resources in assisting the energy transition. Hydrogen and helium seeps have been reported worldwide, which may indicate large reserves within the subsurface. However, generation of hydrogen and helium is complex; poorly understood and constrained for both generation processes and migration. One source of native hydrogen is ultramafic rocks, which have experienced serpentinization together with water radiolysis. In contrast, helium generation occurs as the result of the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium present within radiogenically enriched basement. An exploration tool, dedicated to identifying areas with the geological settings and conditions favourable for native hydrogen and helium generation, has been developed and tested. Several databases have been created and integrated as part of this study (geological and geochemical generation models) to support and focus the search for both hydrogen and helium. Machine learning algorithms which extract value from geospatial data types for detecting various accumulations have been implemented. The first machine learning results demonstrate the significant value in integrating data and machine learning for high grading areas more conducive to accumulating hydrogen and helium.
{"title":"A new exploration tool in the search for native hydrogen and helium","authors":"C. Olivares, J. Findlay, R. Kelly, S. Otto, M. Norman, M. Cairns","doi":"10.1144/sp547-2023-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp547-2023-49","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Native hydrogen and helium have been considered important resources in assisting the energy transition. Hydrogen and helium seeps have been reported worldwide, which may indicate large reserves within the subsurface. However, generation of hydrogen and helium is complex; poorly understood and constrained for both generation processes and migration. One source of native hydrogen is ultramafic rocks, which have experienced serpentinization together with water radiolysis. In contrast, helium generation occurs as the result of the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium present within radiogenically enriched basement. An exploration tool, dedicated to identifying areas with the geological settings and conditions favourable for native hydrogen and helium generation, has been developed and tested. Several databases have been created and integrated as part of this study (geological and geochemical generation models) to support and focus the search for both hydrogen and helium. Machine learning algorithms which extract value from geospatial data types for detecting various accumulations have been implemented. The first machine learning results demonstrate the significant value in integrating data and machine learning for high grading areas more conducive to accumulating hydrogen and helium.","PeriodicalId":281618,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139810010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Olivares, J. Findlay, R. Kelly, S. Otto, M. Norman, M. Cairns
Native hydrogen and helium have been considered important resources in assisting the energy transition. Hydrogen and helium seeps have been reported worldwide, which may indicate large reserves within the subsurface. However, generation of hydrogen and helium is complex; poorly understood and constrained for both generation processes and migration. One source of native hydrogen is ultramafic rocks, which have experienced serpentinization together with water radiolysis. In contrast, helium generation occurs as the result of the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium present within radiogenically enriched basement. An exploration tool, dedicated to identifying areas with the geological settings and conditions favourable for native hydrogen and helium generation, has been developed and tested. Several databases have been created and integrated as part of this study (geological and geochemical generation models) to support and focus the search for both hydrogen and helium. Machine learning algorithms which extract value from geospatial data types for detecting various accumulations have been implemented. The first machine learning results demonstrate the significant value in integrating data and machine learning for high grading areas more conducive to accumulating hydrogen and helium.
{"title":"A new exploration tool in the search for native hydrogen and helium","authors":"C. Olivares, J. Findlay, R. Kelly, S. Otto, M. Norman, M. Cairns","doi":"10.1144/sp547-2023-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp547-2023-49","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Native hydrogen and helium have been considered important resources in assisting the energy transition. Hydrogen and helium seeps have been reported worldwide, which may indicate large reserves within the subsurface. However, generation of hydrogen and helium is complex; poorly understood and constrained for both generation processes and migration. One source of native hydrogen is ultramafic rocks, which have experienced serpentinization together with water radiolysis. In contrast, helium generation occurs as the result of the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium present within radiogenically enriched basement. An exploration tool, dedicated to identifying areas with the geological settings and conditions favourable for native hydrogen and helium generation, has been developed and tested. Several databases have been created and integrated as part of this study (geological and geochemical generation models) to support and focus the search for both hydrogen and helium. Machine learning algorithms which extract value from geospatial data types for detecting various accumulations have been implemented. The first machine learning results demonstrate the significant value in integrating data and machine learning for high grading areas more conducive to accumulating hydrogen and helium.","PeriodicalId":281618,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications","volume":"37 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spatiotemporal distributions of Cretaceous rocks differs markedly between the Southwest (SW) and Northeast (NE) Japan arcs. However, four parallel zonal arrangements of rocks are recognized broadly throughout both arcs: mostly non-marine sedimentary rocks in backarc/intra-arc basins; granitic and volcanic rocks in magmatic arcs; predominantly marine and subordinately fluvial sedimentary rocks in forearc basins; and sedimentary rocks of turbiditic and mélange facies in accretionary complexes. These zones constituted a palaeo-Japan continental arc-trench system during the Cretaceous. We describe and correlate 71 Cretaceous backarc/intra-arc and forearc basinal successions from Kyushu (south) to Hokkaido (north) islands, including a southern Sakhalin and two Kuril Arc (eastern Hokkaido) successions. Stratigraphic ranges and major sedimentary facies are generally similar between the SW and NE Japan arcs, except for the pre-Aptian Lower Cretaceous in Hokkaido of NE Japan, suggesting continuity throughout the two arcs during the Cretaceous. Although Cretaceous strata are sporadically exposed in northern Honshu, NE Japan, interpretation of seismic sections suggests that Cretaceous forearc sedimentary rock measuring several tens of kilometres laterally are developed offshore beneath the present Pacific forearc. In contrast, Cretaceous forearc strata in southern SW Japan are distributed along two narrow belts that may have been deformed by post-Early Miocene tectonism.
{"title":"Reconstruction of the Cretaceous continental arc–trench system of the Japanese Islands: A basis for Cretaceous palaeoenvironmental studies","authors":"Hisao Ando, Masaki Takahashi","doi":"10.1144/sp544-2023-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp544-2023-127","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Spatiotemporal distributions of Cretaceous rocks differs markedly between the Southwest (SW) and Northeast (NE) Japan arcs. However, four parallel zonal arrangements of rocks are recognized broadly throughout both arcs: mostly non-marine sedimentary rocks in backarc/intra-arc basins; granitic and volcanic rocks in magmatic arcs; predominantly marine and subordinately fluvial sedimentary rocks in forearc basins; and sedimentary rocks of turbiditic and mélange facies in accretionary complexes. These zones constituted a palaeo-Japan continental arc-trench system during the Cretaceous. We describe and correlate 71 Cretaceous backarc/intra-arc and forearc basinal successions from Kyushu (south) to Hokkaido (north) islands, including a southern Sakhalin and two Kuril Arc (eastern Hokkaido) successions.\u0000 Stratigraphic ranges and major sedimentary facies are generally similar between the SW and NE Japan arcs, except for the pre-Aptian Lower Cretaceous in Hokkaido of NE Japan, suggesting continuity throughout the two arcs during the Cretaceous. Although Cretaceous strata are sporadically exposed in northern Honshu, NE Japan, interpretation of seismic sections suggests that Cretaceous forearc sedimentary rock measuring several tens of kilometres laterally are developed offshore beneath the present Pacific forearc. In contrast, Cretaceous forearc strata in southern SW Japan are distributed along two narrow belts that may have been deformed by post-Early Miocene tectonism.","PeriodicalId":281618,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications","volume":"64 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139810822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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