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2022 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Robotic Computing (IRC)最新文献

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Coverage Path Planning and Precise Localization for Autonomous Lawn Mowers 自动割草机覆盖路径规划与精确定位
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRC55401.2022.00046
Maria Höffmann, J. Clemens, David Stronzek-Pfeifer, Ruggero Simonelli, Andreas Serov, Sven Schettino, Margareta Runge, K. Schill, C. Büskens
In this paper, we present a concept for automatic path planning and high-precision localization for autonomous lawn mowers. In particular, two objectives contribute to the increased efficiency of the presented approach compared to classical automatic lawn mowing techniques. First, the standard chaotic control of the mower is replaced by an efficient planning strategy for traversing the area without gaps and with as few overlaps as possible. Second, the conventional boundary wires become unnecessary as high-precision localization based on multi-sensor fusion allows for keeping the virtual boundaries. The whole concept is implemented and tested on an industrial-grade lawn mower. The advantages of intelligent path planning over chaotic strategies are shown, and the localization performance is validated using real-world data.
本文提出了一种自动割草机路径规划和高精度定位的概念。特别是,两个目标有助于提高效率提出的方法相比,经典的自动草坪修剪技术。首先,割草机的标准混沌控制被一种有效的规划策略所取代,该策略可以在没有间隙的情况下穿越该区域,并尽可能少地重叠。其次,传统的边界线变得不必要,因为基于多传感器融合的高精度定位允许保持虚拟边界。整个概念在一台工业级割草机上实施和测试。展示了智能路径规划相对于混沌策略的优势,并用实际数据验证了智能路径规划的定位性能。
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引用次数: 3
UAV Velocity Prediction Using Audio data 利用音频数据进行无人机速度预测
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRC55401.2022.00062
E. Bang, Y. Seo, Jeongyoun Seo, Raymond Zeng, A. Niang, Yaqin Wang, E. Matson
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) set the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) speed limit at 100 mph. This research focused on detecting when the UAV exceeds a speed limit for an experiment and using the sound dataset to predict the velocity of a UAV. It is hard to detect a malicious UAV, but we can assume that a UAV over 100 mph is most likely malicious. An indoor environment will be used as a controlled environment and the dataset is divided into two classes: slow (0- 9mph) and fast (over 10mph). Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) were the Machine Learning models used for this research, and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was the Deep Learning model used for this research. The result shows that the CNN model has the highest performance (F-1 score: 1.0, Accuracy: 1.0, Recall: 1.0, Precision: 1.0) for classifying the sound of the UAV speed.
美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)将无人驾驶飞行器(UAV)的速度限制设定为每小时100英里。本研究的重点是在实验中检测无人机何时超过速度限制,并使用声音数据集预测无人机的速度。很难检测到恶意无人机,但我们可以假设超过100英里/小时的无人机最有可能是恶意的。室内环境将被用作受控环境,数据集分为两类:慢速(0- 9英里/小时)和快速(超过10英里/小时)。支持向量机(SVM)、随机森林(Random Forest)和光梯度增强机(Light Gradient Boosting Machine, LGBM)是本研究使用的机器学习模型,卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network, CNN)是本研究使用的深度学习模型。结果表明,CNN模型对无人机航速声音的分类性能最高(F-1分:1.0,准确率:1.0,召回率:1.0,精度:1.0)。
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引用次数: 0
Labeling Custom Indoor Point Clouds Through 2D Semantic Image Segmentation 通过二维语义图像分割标记自定义室内点云
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRC55401.2022.00050
Shayan Ahmed, J. Gedschold, Tim Erich Wegner, Adrian Sode, J. Trabert, G. D. Galdo
For effective Computer Vision (CV) applications, one of the difficult challenges service robots have to face concerns with complete scene understanding. Therefore, various strategies are employed for point-level segregation of the 3D scene, such as semantic segmentation. Currently Deep Learning (DL) based algorithms are popular in this domain. However, they require precisely labeled ground truth data. Generating this data is a lengthy and expensive procedure, resulting in a limited variety of available data. On the contrary, the 2D image domain offers labeled data in abundance. Therefore, this study explores how we can achieve accurate labels for the 3D domain by utilizing semantic segmentation on 2D images and projecting the estimated labels to the 3D space via the depth channel. The labeled data may then be used for vision related tasks such as robot navigation or localization.
对于有效的计算机视觉(CV)应用,服务机器人必须面对的困难挑战之一是完整的场景理解。因此,三维场景的点级分离采用了多种策略,如语义分割。目前,基于深度学习(DL)的算法在该领域非常流行。然而,它们需要精确标记的地面真值数据。生成这些数据是一个漫长而昂贵的过程,导致可用数据的种类有限。相反,二维图像域提供了丰富的标记数据。因此,本研究探讨了如何利用二维图像的语义分割,并通过深度通道将估计的标签投影到三维空间,从而实现3D领域的准确标签。然后,标记的数据可以用于与视觉相关的任务,例如机器人导航或定位。
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引用次数: 0
Teleoperation of an Industrial Robot using Public Networks and 5G SA Campus Networks 使用公共网络和 5G SA 园区网远程操控工业机器人
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRC55401.2022.00012
J. Rohde, Olga Meyer, Quy Luu Duc, C. Jürgenhake, Talib Sankal, R. Dumitrescu, R. H. Schmitt
The next generation of cellular mobile communication standard 5G is considered to have more stable and secure communication links, low latency and higher flexibility which can be enablers for various new scenarios and applications. Teleoperation is the field that can benefit greatly from 5G technology. Demanding and mission-critical use cases such as telesurgery have challenging requirements like low latency and high reliability of the communication channel, which can be possibly met by 5G in the future. This work presents a 5G architecture for the teleoperation of an industrial robot over long distance. For this purpose three Fraunhofer Institutes were connected over public internet and 5G campus networks. Furthermore, this work describes the latency performance of the investigated teleoperation use case. The measurements in the experiment are performed with two 5G standalone (SA) networks and an edge cloud.
下一代蜂窝移动通信标准 5G 被认为具有更稳定、更安全的通信链路、更低的延迟和更高的灵活性,可促进各种新场景和新应用的发展。远程操作是可以从 5G 技术中受益匪浅的领域。远程手术等要求苛刻的关键任务用例对通信信道的低时延和高可靠性有着极具挑战性的要求,而未来的 5G 有可能满足这些要求。本研究提出了一种用于工业机器人远距离远程操作的 5G 架构。为此,三个弗劳恩霍夫研究所通过公共互联网和 5G 园区网络进行了连接。此外,本作品还介绍了所研究的远程操作使用案例的延迟性能。实验中的测量是通过两个 5G 独立(SA)网络和一个边缘云进行的。
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引用次数: 0
Human-inspired Video Imitation Learning on Humanoid Model 基于人形模型的仿人视频学习
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRC55401.2022.00068
Chun Hei Lee, Nicole Chee Lin Yueh, K. Woo
Generating good and human-like locomotion or other legged motions for bipedal robots has always been challenging. One of the emerging solutions to this challenge is to use imitation learning. The sources for imitation are mostly state-only demonstrations, so using state-of-the-art Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning (GAIL) with Imitation from Observation (IfO) ability will be an ideal frameworks to use in solving this problem. However, it is often difficult to allow new or complicated movements as the common sources for these frameworks are either expensive to set up or hard to produce satisfactory results without computationally expensive preprocessing, due to accuracy problems. Inspired by how people learn advanced knowledge after acquiring basic understandings of specific subjects, this paper proposes a Motion capture-aided Video Imitation (MoVI) learning framework based on Adversarial Motion Priors (AMP) by combining motion capture data of primary actions like walking with video clips of target motion like running, aiming to create smooth and natural imitation results of the target motion. This framework is able to produce various human-like locomotion by taking the most common and abundant motion capture data with any video clips of motion without the need for expensive datasets or sophisticated preprocessing.
为双足机器人产生良好的类似人类的运动或其他腿部运动一直是一个挑战。应对这一挑战的新兴解决方案之一是使用模仿学习。模仿的来源大多是状态演示,因此使用最先进的生成对抗模仿学习(GAIL)和观察模仿(IfO)能力将是解决这一问题的理想框架。然而,通常很难允许新的或复杂的运动,因为这些框架的公共源要么设置成本高昂,要么由于精度问题而难以在没有计算成本高昂的预处理的情况下产生令人满意的结果。受人们在掌握特定学科的基本知识后学习高级知识的启发,本文提出了一种基于对抗运动先验(Adversarial Motion prior, AMP)的运动捕捉辅助视频模仿(MoVI)学习框架,将行走等主要动作的运动捕捉数据与跑步等目标动作的视频片段相结合,以产生流畅、自然的目标动作模仿结果。这个框架能够产生各种类似人类的运动,通过采取最常见和丰富的运动捕捉数据与任何运动的视频剪辑,而不需要昂贵的数据集或复杂的预处理。
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引用次数: 1
ZigZag Algorithm: Scanning an Unknown Maze by an Autonomous Drone ZigZag算法:用自主无人机扫描未知迷宫
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRC55401.2022.00080
Jeryes Danial, Y. Ben-Asher
We consider the problem of a drone (quadcopter) that autonomously needs to scan or search an unknown maze of walls and obstacles (no GPS and no communication). This ability (navigating in an unknown indoor environment) is a fundamental problem in the area of drones (even in general robotics) and has applications in military, security, search & rescue and surveillance tasks. Typically, previous works proposed systems that construct a 3D map (via camera images or distance sensors) of the drone’s surroundings. This 3D map is then analyzed to determine the drone’s location and an obstacle-free path. The algorithm proposed here skips over the 3D map and the computation of the obstacle-free path by using random “blind” billiard zig-zag movements to scan the maze. This way, the drone simply bounces from walls and obstacles disregarding the need to find an obstacle-free path in a 3D map. Thus the algorithm requires only a simple form of obstacle detection, one that alerts the drone that there is a close obstacle in its direction of flight. Just using zigzag movements was not enough to obtain efficient cover of the maze were “efficient” cover is when the drone performs no more than one pass per corridor/room (OPTtime). Hence, a more complex algorithm was developed on top of these random zigzag movements. Experimental results using a realistic flight simulation in a random maze showed about 95% cover in OPTtime.
我们考虑无人机(四轴飞行器)的问题,它需要自主扫描或搜索一个未知的迷宫的墙壁和障碍物(没有GPS和没有通信)。这种能力(在未知的室内环境中导航)是无人机领域(甚至是一般机器人领域)的一个基本问题,在军事、安全、搜救和监视任务中都有应用。通常,以前的工作建议系统构建无人机周围环境的3D地图(通过相机图像或距离传感器)。然后分析这张3D地图,以确定无人机的位置和无障碍路径。本文提出的算法跳过了三维地图和无障碍路径的计算,采用随机“盲”台球之字形运动来扫描迷宫。这样,无人机就可以从墙壁和障碍物上弹跳而不需要在3D地图上找到无障碍路径。因此,该算法只需要一种简单的障碍物检测形式,即提醒无人机在其飞行方向上有一个近距离的障碍物。仅仅使用之字形移动不足以获得迷宫的有效掩护,“有效”掩护是指无人机在每个走廊/房间(OPTtime)执行不超过一次的穿越。因此,在这些随机之字形运动的基础上开发了一个更复杂的算法。在随机迷宫中的真实飞行模拟实验结果表明,OPTtime覆盖率约为95%。
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引用次数: 0
Object pose estimation in industrial environments using a synthetic data generation pipeline 基于合成数据生成管道的工业环境中目标姿态估计
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRC55401.2022.00084
Manuel Belke, P. Blanke, S. Storms, W. Herfs
The handling of objects is a crucial robotic skill for the automation of the production industry. The trend to use machine learning to estimate the 6D pose of objects is driven by higher robustness and faster processing times. Machine-learning based 6D pose estimation algorithms are available with varying estimation performance, robustness and flexibility. Suitable algorithms have to be selected based on use-case specific production requirements. A concept to evaluate these algorithms is presented. The generation of synthetic data based on the production requirements is proposed, followed by an evaluation of the algorithms to assess the generalization performance from generic benchmark datasets to custom industrial datasets. The overall pipeline is presented, realized and discussed.
搬运物品是生产工业自动化的一项关键机器人技能。使用机器学习来估计物体的6D姿态的趋势是由更高的鲁棒性和更快的处理时间驱动的。基于机器学习的6D姿态估计算法具有不同的估计性能,鲁棒性和灵活性。必须根据特定于用例的生产需求选择合适的算法。提出了一个评价这些算法的概念。提出了基于生产需求的合成数据的生成,然后对算法进行了评估,以评估从通用基准数据集到定制工业数据集的泛化性能。对整个流水线进行了介绍、实现和讨论。
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引用次数: 1
Path Smoothing with Deterministic Shortcuts 具有确定性捷径的路径平滑
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRC55401.2022.00078
Maryam Khazaei Pool, Carlos Diaz Alvarenga, Marcelo Kallmann
Path smoothing is an important operation in a number of path planning applications. While several approaches have been proposed in the literature, a lack of simple and effective methods with quality-based termination conditions can be observed. In this paper we propose a deterministic shortcut-based smoothing method that is simple to be implemented and achieves user-specified termination conditions based on solution quality, overcoming one of the main limitations observed in traditional random-based approaches. We present several benchmarks demonstrating that our method produces higher-quality results when compared to the traditional random shortcuts approach.
在许多路径规划应用中,路径平滑是一个重要的操作。虽然文献中提出了几种方法,但可以观察到缺乏基于质量的终止条件的简单有效的方法。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于确定性捷径的平滑方法,该方法易于实现,并基于解质量实现用户指定的终止条件,克服了传统基于随机方法的主要局限性之一。我们提供了几个基准,证明与传统的随机捷径方法相比,我们的方法产生了更高质量的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Terrain Dependent Power Estimation for Legged Robots in Unstructured Environments 非结构化环境下腿式机器人的地形依赖功率估计
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRC55401.2022.00064
Christopher Allred, Huzeyfe Kocabas, Mario Harper, J. Pusey
Gait-based legged robots offer substantial advantages for traversing complicated, unstructured, or discontinuous terrain. Thus increasing their use in many real-world applications. However, they are also challenging to deploy due to limitations in operation time, range, and payload capabilities due to their complex locomotion and power needs. Anticipating the impact of terrain transitions on the range and average power consumption is crucial for understanding operational limits in autonomous and teleoperated missions. This study examines strategies for forecasting terrain-dependent energy costs on five unique surfaces (asphalt, concrete, grass, brush, and snow). The field experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our combined proprioception and vision approach called MEP-VP. This hybrid framework only requires two seconds of motion data before returning actionable power estimates. Validation is conducted on physical hardware in field demonstration.
基于步态的有腿机器人为穿越复杂、非结构化或不连续的地形提供了实质性的优势。从而增加了它们在许多实际应用程序中的使用。然而,由于其复杂的运动和动力需求,由于操作时间、范围和有效载荷能力的限制,它们的部署也具有挑战性。预测地形变化对范围和平均功耗的影响对于理解自主和远程操作任务的操作限制至关重要。本研究考察了预测五种独特表面(沥青、混凝土、草地、灌木和雪)的地形相关能源成本的策略。现场实验证明了我们的本体感觉和视觉结合方法(MEP-VP)的有效性。这种混合框架在返回可操作的功率估计之前只需要两秒钟的运动数据。在现场演示中对物理硬件进行了验证。
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引用次数: 1
Practical Validation of Autonomous Source Localization with Ground Robots 地面机器人自主源定位的实践验证
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRC55401.2022.00048
Marcus Dorau, M. Alpen, J. Horn
A source localization experiment with a group of ground robots is presented in this paper. The process implemented on the robots is shown together with its building blocks which include methods from robotics and control. The results of the experiments show that the source localization is successful in the presented environment. The workings of the process are explained and an implication about the performance in dependence on the number of robots used is given. A way to use measurements from the mapping phase for source localization is presented which speeds up the localization process and the effect of the tuning parameters is investigated.
介绍了一组地面机器人的源定位实验。在机器人上实现的过程与它的构建块一起显示,其中包括机器人和控制的方法。实验结果表明,在该环境下,源定位是成功的。解释了该过程的工作原理,并给出了依赖于所用机器人数量的性能的含义。提出了一种利用映射阶段的测量值进行源定位的方法,加快了定位过程,并研究了调谐参数对源定位的影响。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2022 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Robotic Computing (IRC)
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