Argillaceous rocks are considered in Switzerland and in other countries as potential host rocks for the deep geologic disposal of radioactive waste. Opalinus Clay, a formation of Jurassic age, is at present the most favored candidate in Switzerland. It has a low hydraulic conductivity, no or only few active fractures, and a large retention capacity for sorbing solutes, which make this sediment well suited as an additional barrier for the spreading of contaminants. Transport through Opalinus Clay is typically dominated by diffusion. Accordingly, the diffusion of tracers through this material is intensively studied. In the underground research facility at Mont Terri in Switzerland, field experiments are performed that aim at investigating the diffusion and retention of sorbing tracers at intermediate scales and under relevant in-situ conditions. The field experiments use a borehole, from which tracers diffuse into the surrounding rock. The tracer cocktail in the borehole is continuously circulated, which allows to monitor the tracer decrease over time. When modeling these experiments, care has to be taken to correctly represent the inlet system. In this paper, it is shown how the numerical representation of the borehole and inlet system and the spatial discretization affect the simulation results of mobile and sorbing tracers. For mobile tracers, it is generally sufficient to use an effective diffusion coefficient for the circulated fluid about 30 times larger than that in the rock to mimic the continuous mixing. In contrast, for sorbing tracers even a 7000 times larger diffusion coefficient may, at early times, not lead to homogeneous borehole concentrations. This is because the equilibrium sorption on the rock quickly and drastically reduces the tracer concentrations at the interface. As a consequence, the simulated flux into the rock becomes too small, and the calculated average decrease of the borehole concentration is much too slow even for larger times. The slow decrease can be similar to that simulated for a much less sorbing solute, which of course would critically affect parameter estimation when fitting the model to observed data. Increasing the borehole diffusion coefficient to very large values to obtain a complete mixing can lead to a too fast simulated concentration decrease, if the spatial discretization is insufficient. Thus, a careful checking of the numerical results is required for the strongly sorbing tracers.
{"title":"MODELING FIELD DIFFUSION EXPERIMENTS IN CLAY ROCK: INFLUENCE OF NUMERICAL REPRESENTATION OF BOREHOLE AND ROCK INTERFACE","authors":"T. Gimmi","doi":"10.3107/JESSS.2.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3107/JESSS.2.63","url":null,"abstract":"Argillaceous rocks are considered in Switzerland and in other countries as potential host rocks for the deep geologic disposal of radioactive waste. Opalinus Clay, a formation of Jurassic age, is at present the most favored candidate in Switzerland. It has a low hydraulic conductivity, no or only few active fractures, and a large retention capacity for sorbing solutes, which make this sediment well suited as an additional barrier for the spreading of contaminants. Transport through Opalinus Clay is typically dominated by diffusion. Accordingly, the diffusion of tracers through this material is intensively studied. In the underground research facility at Mont Terri in Switzerland, field experiments are performed that aim at investigating the diffusion and retention of sorbing tracers at intermediate scales and under relevant in-situ conditions. The field experiments use a borehole, from which tracers diffuse into the surrounding rock. The tracer cocktail in the borehole is continuously circulated, which allows to monitor the tracer decrease over time. When modeling these experiments, care has to be taken to correctly represent the inlet system. In this paper, it is shown how the numerical representation of the borehole and inlet system and the spatial discretization affect the simulation results of mobile and sorbing tracers. For mobile tracers, it is generally sufficient to use an effective diffusion coefficient for the circulated fluid about 30 times larger than that in the rock to mimic the continuous mixing. In contrast, for sorbing tracers even a 7000 times larger diffusion coefficient may, at early times, not lead to homogeneous borehole concentrations. This is because the equilibrium sorption on the rock quickly and drastically reduces the tracer concentrations at the interface. As a consequence, the simulated flux into the rock becomes too small, and the calculated average decrease of the borehole concentration is much too slow even for larger times. The slow decrease can be similar to that simulated for a much less sorbing solute, which of course would critically affect parameter estimation when fitting the model to observed data. Increasing the borehole diffusion coefficient to very large values to obtain a complete mixing can lead to a too fast simulated concentration decrease, if the spatial discretization is insufficient. Thus, a careful checking of the numerical results is required for the strongly sorbing tracers.","PeriodicalId":285932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science for Sustainable Society","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130097310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
and the – the mid-1960’s, computer models describing agricultural, environmental, and hydrological processes have been developed by scientists at BRC. Today BRC scientists continue to refine and support numerous modeling products that are used world-wide by researchers, environmental managers, and government policy makers. The Environmental Policy and Integrated Climate (EPIC) model, the Agricultural Policy and Environmental eXtender (APEX) model, and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) are the most prominent and heavily used. This paper briefly describes their history, general organization, usage tools, support and availability, and three example uses. In the first example, the EPIC model was used to evaluate irrigation control methods on an urban landscape. The uncalibrated results suggested that scheduled irrigation was more efficient than sensor-based. This was unexpected but explained by poor plant growth under water-saturated soil conditions. In another example, a calibrated SWAT model was used to determine sediment sources and evaluate a detention pond management strategy in a heavily developed urban watershed. Stream channel erosion was found to be higher than upland erosion and the implementation of a sediment detention pond showed that sediment exports could be reduced by up to 14%. the APEX model was used to examine two irrigation strategies in cascading rice paddy fields. Data from Okayama, Japan was used to develop a terraced hydrology model and predict irrigation management practice effects on water useage and soil and nitrogen exports to downstream waterbodies. The uncalibrated model showed that constant flooding irrigation produced higher crop yields but also increased sediment exports. Cycled flooding however showed reduced nitrogen exports. Determining the optimial management strategy depends upon user goals. Mini-review
{"title":"AGRICULTURAL AND WATERSHED MODELING WITH EPIC, APEX, AND SWAT: COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS FOR INVESTIGATING, PLANNING, AND UNDERSTANDING THE FUTURE","authors":"J. Wolfe, Jaehak Jeong, Kara Paulk, A. Farley","doi":"10.3107/JESSS.10.MR06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3107/JESSS.10.MR06","url":null,"abstract":"and the – the mid-1960’s, computer models describing agricultural, environmental, and hydrological processes have been developed by scientists at BRC. Today BRC scientists continue to refine and support numerous modeling products that are used world-wide by researchers, environmental managers, and government policy makers. The Environmental Policy and Integrated Climate (EPIC) model, the Agricultural Policy and Environmental eXtender (APEX) model, and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) are the most prominent and heavily used. This paper briefly describes their history, general organization, usage tools, support and availability, and three example uses. In the first example, the EPIC model was used to evaluate irrigation control methods on an urban landscape. The uncalibrated results suggested that scheduled irrigation was more efficient than sensor-based. This was unexpected but explained by poor plant growth under water-saturated soil conditions. In another example, a calibrated SWAT model was used to determine sediment sources and evaluate a detention pond management strategy in a heavily developed urban watershed. Stream channel erosion was found to be higher than upland erosion and the implementation of a sediment detention pond showed that sediment exports could be reduced by up to 14%. the APEX model was used to examine two irrigation strategies in cascading rice paddy fields. Data from Okayama, Japan was used to develop a terraced hydrology model and predict irrigation management practice effects on water useage and soil and nitrogen exports to downstream waterbodies. The uncalibrated model showed that constant flooding irrigation produced higher crop yields but also increased sediment exports. Cycled flooding however showed reduced nitrogen exports. Determining the optimial management strategy depends upon user goals. Mini-review","PeriodicalId":285932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science for Sustainable Society","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117143911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Ha, M. Maeda, T. Fujiwara, H. Nagare, S. Akao, Quoc Thinh Tran
1 Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University (3-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan) E-mail: hathanh1211@gmail.com 2* Associate Professor, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University (3-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan) Corresponding author E-mail: mun@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp 3 Professor, Agriculture Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Kochi University, Japan (200 Monobe Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan) E-mail: fujiwarat@kochi-u.ac.jp 4 Associate Professor, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University (3-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan) E-mail: nagare-h@okayama-u.ac.jp 5 Associate Professor, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University (1-3, Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan) E-mail: sakao@mail.doshisha.ac.jp 6 Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University (3-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan) E-mail: tranquocthinh89@gmail.com
{"title":"NITROUS OXIDE AND CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM PADDY SOIL TREATED WITH RICE HUSK PRODUCTS AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE CONTENTS IN A SHORT-TERM EXPERIMENT","authors":"T. Ha, M. Maeda, T. Fujiwara, H. Nagare, S. Akao, Quoc Thinh Tran","doi":"10.3107/JESSS.7.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3107/JESSS.7.9","url":null,"abstract":"1 Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University (3-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan) E-mail: hathanh1211@gmail.com 2* Associate Professor, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University (3-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan) Corresponding author E-mail: mun@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp 3 Professor, Agriculture Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Kochi University, Japan (200 Monobe Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan) E-mail: fujiwarat@kochi-u.ac.jp 4 Associate Professor, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University (3-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan) E-mail: nagare-h@okayama-u.ac.jp 5 Associate Professor, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University (1-3, Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan) E-mail: sakao@mail.doshisha.ac.jp 6 Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University (3-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan) E-mail: tranquocthinh89@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":285932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science for Sustainable Society","volume":"78 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120989424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Program of Debrief Session of the Project Researches on Environmental Rehabilitation in Asia FY2020","authors":"","doi":"10.3107/jesss.10.collo1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3107/jesss.10.collo1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":285932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science for Sustainable Society","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129008822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent years have witnessed increased attention being given to the evaluation and selection of alternative waste treatment strategies from the view of reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, a long period of waste records is necessary for getting acceptably accurate results, especially in calculating GHG emission from disposal site. Therefore, in this paper, applying the systematic approach we have developed in the previous work, the back-casting and ex-post forecasting of the waste quantity by composition in the past is conducted. Then, current GHG emissions in five Chinese metropolitan cities are investigated and analyzed; thereafter, a scenario analysis is carried out in Shanghai based on the forecasts of waste generation and the corresponding waste category in 2015. Methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) are mainly taken into account in GHG emission due to significant amount emitted from waste treatment. The results confirm that the per capita CO 2 emission factor (kg CO 2 -eq/kg waste-treated) in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Wuhan and Chengdu in 2007 is 0.48, 0.59, 0.57, 0.41 and 0.48 respectively, thereby demonstrating that economic growth is the main driving force of GHG emissions currently observed in Chinese cities. Further, through the scenario analysis, composting and integrated waste management are considered as effective attempts at reducing GHG emissions in Shanghai.
近年来，人们越来越重视从减少温室气体排放的角度评价和选择替代性废物处理战略。然而，要获得可接受的精确结果，特别是在计算处置场地的温室气体排放量时，需要长时间的废物记录。因此，在本文中，应用我们在以前的工作中开发的系统方法，对过去的废物量进行了反推算和事后预测。然后，对中国5个特大城市的温室气体排放现状进行了调查分析;之后，根据2015年上海市的垃圾产生量和相应的垃圾类别进行情景分析。在温室气体排放中，主要考虑的是甲烷(ch4)、二氧化碳(CO 2)和氧化亚氮(n2o)，因为废物处理产生了大量的排放。结果表明，2007年上海、广州、杭州、武汉和成都的人均二氧化碳排放系数(kg CO 2 -当量/kg废弃物处理量)分别为0.48、0.59、0.57、0.41和0.48，表明经济增长是中国城市温室气体排放的主要驱动力。此外，通过情景分析，认为堆肥和废物综合管理是减少上海温室气体排放的有效尝试。
{"title":"EVALUATION OF WASTE TREATMENT STRATEGIES IN CHINESE CITIES FROM VIEWPOINTS OF GHG EMISSION","authors":"Jinmei Yang, T. Fujiwara, Y. Matsuoka, Wei Wang","doi":"10.3107/JESSS.5.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3107/JESSS.5.27","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have witnessed increased attention being given to the evaluation and selection of alternative waste treatment strategies from the view of reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, a long period of waste records is necessary for getting acceptably accurate results, especially in calculating GHG emission from disposal site. Therefore, in this paper, applying the systematic approach we have developed in the previous work, the back-casting and ex-post forecasting of the waste quantity by composition in the past is conducted. Then, current GHG emissions in five Chinese metropolitan cities are investigated and analyzed; thereafter, a scenario analysis is carried out in Shanghai based on the forecasts of waste generation and the corresponding waste category in 2015. Methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) are mainly taken into account in GHG emission due to significant amount emitted from waste treatment. The results confirm that the per capita CO 2 emission factor (kg CO 2 -eq/kg waste-treated) in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Wuhan and Chengdu in 2007 is 0.48, 0.59, 0.57, 0.41 and 0.48 respectively, thereby demonstrating that economic growth is the main driving force of GHG emissions currently observed in Chinese cities. Further, through the scenario analysis, composting and integrated waste management are considered as effective attempts at reducing GHG emissions in Shanghai.","PeriodicalId":285932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science for Sustainable Society","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127270318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human pressure is now severe on most of the rivers worldwide. The long term fluxes of dissolved geogenic and biogenic matter are changing dramatically, causing notable changes in aquatic bioactivity. Typical patterns of anthropogenic pressure that influence eutrophication, salinization and chemical contamination are discussed. The heavily influenced rivers Rhine and upper Danube will be used as examples, also considering their geological settings. In the past decade sewage treatment reduced nitrate and orthophosphate loads in both basins. This influenced bioactivity in the rivers, causing less silica depletion due to diatom blooms in the Rhine. Therefore a notable increase in minima concentrations of dissolved silica can be observed. In the upper Danube, however, an increase in orthophosphate concentration since 2003 is noticeable; breaking the former decreasing trend, despite treatment efforts. The hydrochemistry of major ions in both basins is strongly influenced by the ratios of carbonate, siliciclastic sediment and igneous or metamorphic rock outcrops. In addition Mesozoic evaporites and salt mining were responsible for extremely high levels of Cl, Na and SO4 in the Rhine, peaking in the 70s and 80s at concentrations of 350, 180 and 140 mg/l, respectively. Water basin management efforts cut former high levels to less than a half. Heavy metals and persistent organic pollutant concentrations are declining in the Rhine as well. A combination of climate change and anthropogenic water inputs resulted in an increase of water temperature of the Rhine by 3.5 °C during the past 50 years. In the upper Danube such a trend in water temperature can not be observed.
{"title":"GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE RIVER RHINE AND THE UPPER DANUBE: RECENT TRENDS AND LITHOLOGICAL INFLUENCE ON BASELINES","authors":"J. Hartmann, N. Jansen, S. Kempe, H. Dürr","doi":"10.3107/JESSS.1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3107/JESSS.1.39","url":null,"abstract":"Human pressure is now severe on most of the rivers worldwide. The long term fluxes of dissolved geogenic and biogenic matter are changing dramatically, causing notable changes in aquatic bioactivity. Typical patterns of anthropogenic pressure that influence eutrophication, salinization and chemical contamination are discussed. The heavily influenced rivers Rhine and upper Danube will be used as examples, also considering their geological settings. In the past decade sewage treatment reduced nitrate and orthophosphate loads in both basins. This influenced bioactivity in the rivers, causing less silica depletion due to diatom blooms in the Rhine. Therefore a notable increase in minima concentrations of dissolved silica can be observed. In the upper Danube, however, an increase in orthophosphate concentration since 2003 is noticeable; breaking the former decreasing trend, despite treatment efforts. The hydrochemistry of major ions in both basins is strongly influenced by the ratios of carbonate, siliciclastic sediment and igneous or metamorphic rock outcrops. In addition Mesozoic evaporites and salt mining were responsible for extremely high levels of Cl, Na and SO4 in the Rhine, peaking in the 70s and 80s at concentrations of 350, 180 and 140 mg/l, respectively. Water basin management efforts cut former high levels to less than a half. Heavy metals and persistent organic pollutant concentrations are declining in the Rhine as well. A combination of climate change and anthropogenic water inputs resulted in an increase of water temperature of the Rhine by 3.5 °C during the past 50 years. In the upper Danube such a trend in water temperature can not be observed.","PeriodicalId":285932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science for Sustainable Society","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121384362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Ishii, T. Kawai, Nobuaki Hiranaka, Hisato Takehara, H. Yara, Y. Tokashiki
"RH-SP Process" is a combined process of reductive heating for reduction of POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants: Such as PCB, Dioxins, and Organic Chlorinate Agricultural Chemicals) from contaminated soil, and sodium dispersion for the decomposition of POPs material. We investigated the applicability of the process for three characteristic soils at Okinawa region. BHC (Benzene Hexachloride) is reduced from 10mg/kg to lower than 0.001mg/kg in each soil and PCB is also reduced from 53mg/kg to lower than 0.5μg/kg by reductive heating. Dioxins in discharged gas shows lower than 0.1ng-TEQ/m3. From the result of green planting test with treated soil, the growth rate is same as that of normal soil, and it is also confirmed that treated soil is able to be recycled for green planting.
{"title":"POPS CONTAMINATED SOIL TREATMENT WITH \"REDUCTIVE HEATING AND SODIUM DISPERSION METHOD\" AND ITS RECYCLING FOR MATERIAL OF GREEN PLANTING","authors":"Y. Ishii, T. Kawai, Nobuaki Hiranaka, Hisato Takehara, H. Yara, Y. Tokashiki","doi":"10.3107/JESSS.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3107/JESSS.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"\"RH-SP Process\" is a combined process of reductive heating for reduction of POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants: Such as PCB, Dioxins, and Organic Chlorinate Agricultural Chemicals) from contaminated soil, and sodium dispersion for the decomposition of POPs material. We investigated the applicability of the process for three characteristic soils at Okinawa region. BHC (Benzene Hexachloride) is reduced from 10mg/kg to lower than 0.001mg/kg in each soil and PCB is also reduced from 53mg/kg to lower than 0.5μg/kg by reductive heating. Dioxins in discharged gas shows lower than 0.1ng-TEQ/m3. From the result of green planting test with treated soil, the growth rate is same as that of normal soil, and it is also confirmed that treated soil is able to be recycled for green planting.","PeriodicalId":285932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science for Sustainable Society","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124681097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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