Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5771/9783748924012-185
Peter G. Kirchschläger
There are no doubts about the innovation-force and the economic potential of blockchain technology. It is the basis for new currencies and financial services, for smart contracts, ... After mainframes, personal computer, the internet, and mobile devices, blockchain technology can be seen as the fifth disruptive computing paradigm (Swan 2015; Polrot 2017). Outside the blockchain technology-community there are perhaps some questions how blockchain technology exactly works. This aspect can be easily addressed. The only necessary prerequisites are respective knowhow and patience with people without a technological background. There are though ethical questions, which arise in the context of blockchain technology requiring more attention due to their complexity (Kirchschlaeger 2021). This article tries to identify and to discuss them. This ethical analysis legitimated in itself gains even more concrete relevance in front of the background of fundamental criticism(s) blockchain technology or applications based on blockchain technology are facing. E. g., when looking at the use of blockchain in finance: the economist and Nobel Prize laureate Paul Krugman defines the crypto-currency “bitcoin” as “evil” (Krugman 2013), the economist and Nobel Prize laureate Joseph Stiglitz makes the following assessment of crypto-currencies: “You cannot have a means of payment that is based on secrecy when you’re trying to create a transparent banking system (...) If you open up a hole like bitcoin, then all the nefarious activity will go through that hole, and no government can allow that. (...) By regulating the abuses, you are going to regulate it out of existence. It exists because of the abuses” (CNBC 2018). The timing of this endeavor seems to be apropos because blockchain technology is still an emergent technology. Maybe its further design and application could happen in an ethically informed manner ... Before addressing these ethical questions, a conceptual understanding of what blockchain technology embraces is necessary.
{"title":"Ethics of Blockchain Technology","authors":"Peter G. Kirchschläger","doi":"10.5771/9783748924012-185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748924012-185","url":null,"abstract":"There are no doubts about the innovation-force and the economic potential of blockchain technology. It is the basis for new currencies and financial services, for smart contracts, ... After mainframes, personal computer, the internet, and mobile devices, blockchain technology can be seen as the fifth disruptive computing paradigm (Swan 2015; Polrot 2017). Outside the blockchain technology-community there are perhaps some questions how blockchain technology exactly works. This aspect can be easily addressed. The only necessary prerequisites are respective knowhow and patience with people without a technological background. There are though ethical questions, which arise in the context of blockchain technology requiring more attention due to their complexity (Kirchschlaeger 2021). This article tries to identify and to discuss them. This ethical analysis legitimated in itself gains even more concrete relevance in front of the background of fundamental criticism(s) blockchain technology or applications based on blockchain technology are facing. E. g., when looking at the use of blockchain in finance: the economist and Nobel Prize laureate Paul Krugman defines the crypto-currency “bitcoin” as “evil” (Krugman 2013), the economist and Nobel Prize laureate Joseph Stiglitz makes the following assessment of crypto-currencies: “You cannot have a means of payment that is based on secrecy when you’re trying to create a transparent banking system (...) If you open up a hole like bitcoin, then all the nefarious activity will go through that hole, and no government can allow that. (...) By regulating the abuses, you are going to regulate it out of existence. It exists because of the abuses” (CNBC 2018). The timing of this endeavor seems to be apropos because blockchain technology is still an emergent technology. Maybe its further design and application could happen in an ethically informed manner ... Before addressing these ethical questions, a conceptual understanding of what blockchain technology embraces is necessary.","PeriodicalId":286489,"journal":{"name":"Digitalisierung aus theologischer und ethischer Perspektive","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121933482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5771/9783748924012-19
{"title":"3. Entstehung und Kontexte des Bandes","authors":"","doi":"10.5771/9783748924012-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748924012-19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":286489,"journal":{"name":"Digitalisierung aus theologischer und ethischer Perspektive","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117184781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5771/9783748924012-247
David J. Gunkel
The story of the “Tower of Babel” (Genesis 11:1–9) provides an account of the plurality of languages as issued from an original and apparently universal tongue. This mythic loss of an original, linguistic universality as well as subsequent attempts to reestablish it by overcoming the confusio linguarum by way of automatic translation techniques and technologies already constitute a kind of universal idiom. According to Umberto Eco (1995, 1), “the story of the confusion of tongues, and of the attempt to redeem its loss through the rediscovery or invention of a language common to all humanity, can be found in every culture.” And it is the digital computer that provides the most recent iteration of this supposedly universal endeavor. This chapter investigates the Babelian legacy and logic circulating through the systems and networks of digital technology. It traces the origin and purpose of the desire for universal understandability, locates the digital computer within this tradition, and examines the underlying values and consequences of this undertaking.
{"title":"Lingua Ex Machina 2.0: The Theological Origins and Destinations of Machine Translation","authors":"David J. Gunkel","doi":"10.5771/9783748924012-247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748924012-247","url":null,"abstract":"The story of the “Tower of Babel” (Genesis 11:1–9) provides an account of the plurality of languages as issued from an original and apparently universal tongue. This mythic loss of an original, linguistic universality as well as subsequent attempts to reestablish it by overcoming the confusio linguarum by way of automatic translation techniques and technologies already constitute a kind of universal idiom. According to Umberto Eco (1995, 1), “the story of the confusion of tongues, and of the attempt to redeem its loss through the rediscovery or invention of a language common to all humanity, can be found in every culture.” And it is the digital computer that provides the most recent iteration of this supposedly universal endeavor. This chapter investigates the Babelian legacy and logic circulating through the systems and networks of digital technology. It traces the origin and purpose of the desire for universal understandability, locates the digital computer within this tradition, and examines the underlying values and consequences of this undertaking.","PeriodicalId":286489,"journal":{"name":"Digitalisierung aus theologischer und ethischer Perspektive","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125754253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"1. Zur Aktualität ethisch-theologischer Analysen zur Digitalisierung","authors":"","doi":"10.5771/9783748924012-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748924012-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":286489,"journal":{"name":"Digitalisierung aus theologischer und ethischer Perspektive","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129905373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5771/9783748924012-20
{"title":"Literaturverzeichnis","authors":"","doi":"10.5771/9783748924012-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748924012-20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":286489,"journal":{"name":"Digitalisierung aus theologischer und ethischer Perspektive","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116789561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5771/9783748924012-161
J. Wiemeyer
{"title":"Wirtschaftsethische Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung","authors":"J. Wiemeyer","doi":"10.5771/9783748924012-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748924012-161","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":286489,"journal":{"name":"Digitalisierung aus theologischer und ethischer Perspektive","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116611770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5771/9783748924012-125
Thomas Schlag
{"title":"Gespeichert, erinnert, vergessen? – Digitale Speicherdynamiken und ihre Bedeutung für eine menschenwürdige Erinnerungs- und Bildungskultur","authors":"Thomas Schlag","doi":"10.5771/9783748924012-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748924012-125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":286489,"journal":{"name":"Digitalisierung aus theologischer und ethischer Perspektive","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122901083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5771/9783748924012-285
Raphael Salvi
ohne dieses von selbst glückt keine Wesensbestimmung der Freiheit, die aus ihrem Wesen verstanden nicht die libertas von Rechten und Einrichtungen, sondern etwas Ursprünglicheres ist. Definiert das nun das Spontane? Halten wir uns mit solchen Sorgen nicht auf. Zur Definition der sich von selbst ereignenden Urerscheinung der Freiheit wird hier kein Finger gerührt.“ (Sonnemann 1969
{"title":"Philosophisch-anthropologische Überlegungen angesichts „Deep Learning“: Intransparente und eigenständige Systeme als Herausforderung für das Selbstverständnis des Menschen?","authors":"Raphael Salvi","doi":"10.5771/9783748924012-285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748924012-285","url":null,"abstract":"ohne dieses von selbst glückt keine Wesensbestimmung der Freiheit, die aus ihrem Wesen verstanden nicht die libertas von Rechten und Einrichtungen, sondern etwas Ursprünglicheres ist. Definiert das nun das Spontane? Halten wir uns mit solchen Sorgen nicht auf. Zur Definition der sich von selbst ereignenden Urerscheinung der Freiheit wird hier kein Finger gerührt.“ (Sonnemann 1969","PeriodicalId":286489,"journal":{"name":"Digitalisierung aus theologischer und ethischer Perspektive","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116889899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5771/9783748924012-227
Peter Seele, Lucas Zapf
{"title":"„Die Maschine“ existiert nicht. Gegen die Vergötterung der Maschine im digitalen Zeitalter","authors":"Peter Seele, Lucas Zapf","doi":"10.5771/9783748924012-227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748924012-227","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":286489,"journal":{"name":"Digitalisierung aus theologischer und ethischer Perspektive","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126979337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5771/9783748924012-147
G. Ulshöfer
{"title":"Why Sophia? Feminist Theological-Ethical Analysis in a Digital Age","authors":"G. Ulshöfer","doi":"10.5771/9783748924012-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748924012-147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":286489,"journal":{"name":"Digitalisierung aus theologischer und ethischer Perspektive","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132931046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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