Purpose: This paper examines the need for exclusive financial reporting standards for Islamic financial transactions by considering the accounting treatment of deferred payment Murabahah, as practiced in Pakistan. Being analogous to the conventional banking model, Murabahah is one of the most widely deployed modes in Islamic banks. The paper compares the quality of presentation of deferred payment Murabahah as practiced, following both conventional and Islamic accounting standards. Design: The paper presents the deferred payment Murabahah (credit sale) using International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) and Islamic Financial Accounting Standards (IFASs) and collects the opinion of experts (accountants, academicians, and Islamic bankers) on the extracts of the prepared financial statements. The opinions are centered on three qualitative characteristics of the financial information (relevance, faithful representation, and comparability) and a t-test is applied to examine the statistical significance of the difference of opinions received. Findings: The results show that the overall quality score for IFRSs is higher than the IFASs for the selected qualitative characteristics. However, the difference observed is not significant, advocating the possibility of the harmonization among both Islamic and conventional accounting practices of the financial intuitions operating in Pakistan. Originality: Earlier studies (Morshed (2022); El-Halaby, Albarrak, and Grassa (2020); Ullah (2020); Ibrahim and Ling (2016)) do not directly compare the presentation of the Islamic financial instruments by applying the financial reporting standards issued by AAOIFI and IASB on same instrument. This paper addresses this gap by comparing the qualitative characteristics of presented financial information for deferred payment Murabahah as guided by conventional and Islamic accounting standards by introducing an innovative approach for presentation (from the perspective of a credit sale). The paper also compares the accounting treatment of IFRSs with IFAS 1 (Pakistan), which has not yet been done. Implications: Based on the findings of the paper, it is recommended that, like Malaysia, the IFIs in Pakistan should adopt the IFRS framework. The focus of the regulatory bodies functioning in Pakistan should be to improve existing accounting standards through meaningful engagement with standard-setting bodies and take an active part in making IFRSs more compatible with the nature of Islamic financial transactions. An instrument-wise handbook should be published for the IFIs to help in the application of the IFRS framework, ensuring a Shariah-compliant presentation where alternative measuring and valuing approaches are allowed by the framework.
{"title":"Accounting for Murabahah – Reviewing the Need for Exclusive Accounting Standards","authors":"O. Siddiqui, Muhammad Khaleequzzaman, M. S. Afzal","doi":"10.51239/nrjss.vi.369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51239/nrjss.vi.369","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose:\u0000This paper examines the need for exclusive financial reporting standards for Islamic financial transactions by considering the accounting treatment of deferred payment Murabahah, as practiced in Pakistan. Being analogous to the conventional banking model, Murabahah is one of the most widely deployed modes in Islamic banks. The paper compares the quality of presentation of deferred payment Murabahah as practiced, following both conventional and Islamic accounting standards.\u0000Design:\u0000The paper presents the deferred payment Murabahah (credit sale) using International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) and Islamic Financial Accounting Standards (IFASs) and collects the opinion of experts (accountants, academicians, and Islamic bankers) on the extracts of the prepared financial statements. The opinions are centered on three qualitative characteristics of the financial information (relevance, faithful representation, and comparability) and a t-test is applied to examine the statistical significance of the difference of opinions received.\u0000Findings:\u0000The results show that the overall quality score for IFRSs is higher than the IFASs for the selected qualitative characteristics. However, the difference observed is not significant, advocating the possibility of the harmonization among both Islamic and conventional accounting practices of the financial intuitions operating in Pakistan.\u0000Originality:\u0000Earlier studies (Morshed (2022); El-Halaby, Albarrak, and Grassa (2020); Ullah (2020); Ibrahim and Ling (2016)) do not directly compare the presentation of the Islamic financial instruments by applying the financial reporting standards issued by AAOIFI and IASB on same instrument. This paper addresses this gap by comparing the qualitative characteristics of presented financial information for deferred payment Murabahah as guided by conventional and Islamic accounting standards by introducing an innovative approach for presentation (from the perspective of a credit sale). The paper also compares the accounting treatment of IFRSs with IFAS 1 (Pakistan), which has not yet been done.\u0000Implications:\u0000Based on the findings of the paper, it is recommended that, like Malaysia, the IFIs in Pakistan should adopt the IFRS framework. The focus of the regulatory bodies functioning in Pakistan should be to improve existing accounting standards through meaningful engagement with standard-setting bodies and take an active part in making IFRSs more compatible with the nature of Islamic financial transactions. An instrument-wise handbook should be published for the IFIs to help in the application of the IFRS framework, ensuring a Shariah-compliant presentation where alternative measuring and valuing approaches are allowed by the framework.","PeriodicalId":286621,"journal":{"name":"NICE Research Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130614903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Humans have an innate desire to attain high status as it provides the individual with greater resources and benefits. This study particularly focuses on the workplace where status is quite evident. The positive aspect of workplace status dominates in the existing literature by linking it with desirable outcomes, but less attention has been placed on examining its dark side. Utilizing the social influence theory, this study empirically investigates the link between workplace status and employee expediency and intention to sabotage in presence of unethical pro-supervisor behavior as mediator. This study is based on a quantitative research design. Using the Hayes PROCESS technique in SPSS, on three-wave primary data collected (N=250) from employees of service sector organizations in Pakistan, our results reveal that workplace status triggers employee expediency and intention to sabotage through the underlying mechanism of unethical-pro supervisor behavior. This study finds considerable support for all the hypotheses pertaining to direct and indirect effects. Overall, our research extends the literature on the dark side of workplace status and unethical behaviors and advances social influence theory by providing support and offers insightful theoretical and practical implications for inhibiting unethical behaviors in the workplace. Limitations and future research directions have also been discussed at the end.
{"title":"Impact of Workplace Status on Employee Expediency and Intention to Sabotage: Mediating Role of Unethical Pro-Supervisor Behavior","authors":"Maryam Saleem, S. Naseer","doi":"10.51239/nrjss.vi.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51239/nrjss.vi.361","url":null,"abstract":"Humans have an innate desire to attain high status as it provides the individual with greater resources and benefits. This study particularly focuses on the workplace where status is quite evident. The positive aspect of workplace status dominates in the existing literature by linking it with desirable outcomes, but less attention has been placed on examining its dark side. Utilizing the social influence theory, this study empirically investigates the link between workplace status and employee expediency and intention to sabotage in presence of unethical pro-supervisor behavior as mediator. This study is based on a quantitative research design. Using the Hayes PROCESS technique in SPSS, on three-wave primary data collected (N=250) from employees of service sector organizations in Pakistan, our results reveal that workplace status triggers employee expediency and intention to sabotage through the underlying mechanism of unethical-pro supervisor behavior. This study finds considerable support for all the hypotheses pertaining to direct and indirect effects. Overall, our research extends the literature on the dark side of workplace status and unethical behaviors and advances social influence theory by providing support and offers insightful theoretical and practical implications for inhibiting unethical behaviors in the workplace. Limitations and future research directions have also been discussed at the end.","PeriodicalId":286621,"journal":{"name":"NICE Research Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132628969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This paper uses the gravity model to examine the impact of technical barriers to trade – a non-tariff measure, on exports from three Baltic states to 146 partner countries (91 developed and 55 developing). Method: We used panel data from the Baltic States for the period 1990 to 2018 and employ the Poisson Maximum Likelihood (PPML) and the zero-inflated PPML econometric technique for the estimation that allows this analysis in the presence of high-dimensional random effects. Findings: The results revealed that the effect of TBTs on bilateral exports from the Baltic States is positive and significant reflects trade promotion; similar results are seen in the case of developing and developed partner countries. Furthermore, the comparison revealed that TBT has trade promoting impact in the case of developed and developing countries, but that TBT has affected more in the case of developing countries. Tariffs initiated by partner countries had a negative effect, hence restricting trade, but a higher coefficient value is observed in the case of developing countries. Implications: The study recommends that the Baltic States equip themselves with the necessary means to deal with TBT measures, in particular against developed countries.
{"title":"Dynamics of Technical Barriers to Trade on Baltic States’ Export to the World","authors":"A. Mustafa, S. Safdar, B. Hussain, Azra Khan","doi":"10.51239/nrjss.vi.350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51239/nrjss.vi.350","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This paper uses the gravity model to examine the impact of technical barriers to trade – a non-tariff measure, on exports from three Baltic states to 146 partner countries (91 developed and 55 developing).\u0000Method: We used panel data from the Baltic States for the period 1990 to 2018 and employ the Poisson Maximum Likelihood (PPML) and the zero-inflated PPML econometric technique for the estimation that allows this analysis in the presence of high-dimensional random effects. \u0000Findings: The results revealed that the effect of TBTs on bilateral exports from the Baltic States is positive and significant reflects trade promotion; similar results are seen in the case of developing and developed partner countries. Furthermore, the comparison revealed that TBT has trade promoting impact in the case of developed and developing countries, but that TBT has affected more in the case of developing countries. Tariffs initiated by partner countries had a negative effect, hence restricting trade, but a higher coefficient value is observed in the case of developing countries. \u0000Implications: The study recommends that the Baltic States equip themselves with the necessary means to deal with TBT measures, in particular against developed countries.","PeriodicalId":286621,"journal":{"name":"NICE Research Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129719264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the underlying study is to investigate the dependence structure between the selected Asian Stock Market (Pakistan, India, and China) and Green Bonds Market. For this purpose time, a series of daily data of closing prices of all the markets were obtained from 2014 to 2021. Further, the Bivariate copula approach has been used for analyzing the data. The findings of the study reveal that there is a dependence between log-returns of three Asian stock markets (Pakistan, China, and India) and the green bond market as the best fit copula is t-student. The student-t copula work portrays the dependence between arbitrary variables on the two tails. Although this study contributes to the literature by analyzing more countries in the future shall further add to the literature by adding a regional perspective. Lastly, the findings of the study shall aid the investors in portfolio making, risk management, and policymakers as well.
{"title":"Dependence Structure between Green Bond Market and Asian Stock Markets: Evidence from India, China and Pakistan","authors":"Aleena Zainab, Bushra Zulifqar, Anum Shafique, Maimoona Tahir","doi":"10.51239/nrjss.vi.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51239/nrjss.vi.349","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the underlying study is to investigate the dependence structure between the selected Asian Stock Market (Pakistan, India, and China) and Green Bonds Market. For this purpose time, a series of daily data of closing prices of all the markets were obtained from 2014 to 2021. Further, the Bivariate copula approach has been used for analyzing the data. The findings of the study reveal that there is a dependence between log-returns of three Asian stock markets (Pakistan, China, and India) and the green bond market as the best fit copula is t-student. The student-t copula work portrays the dependence between arbitrary variables on the two tails. Although this study contributes to the literature by analyzing more countries in the future shall further add to the literature by adding a regional perspective. Lastly, the findings of the study shall aid the investors in portfolio making, risk management, and policymakers as well.","PeriodicalId":286621,"journal":{"name":"NICE Research Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129235775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Change in organizations becomes an essential element for the attainment of competitive advantage and survival of organizations in a highly competitive environment. This study investigates the direct influence of learning organizations on organizational innovation and affective commitment to change. Moreover, this study also examines the moderating role of psychosocial safety climate between the relationship of learning organizations and organizational innovation and affective commitment to change. 303 permanent employees from the manufacturing and service sectors participated in this study for the data collection purpose, and data was collected by adopting the time-lag technique through a self-administered process. The data analysis was performed using MS Excel, SPSS, and AMOS. The study's findings evidenced the direct influence of learning organizations on organizational innovation and affective commitment to change. Moreover, a higher psychosocial safety climate enhances the organizational innovation and affective commitment to change in learning organizations. The present research findings are helpful for the management of manufacturing and service sector organizations that by utilizing the concept of the learning organization, they can enhance the level of organizational innovation and affective commitment to change. Moreover, the psychosocial safety climate of the organization also plays a vital role in this regard. The present study highlights the importance of learning organizations to enhance organizational innovation and affective commitment to change by modifying their schemata through a psychosocial safety climate.
{"title":"Learning Organizations and Employees’ Outcomes: A Perspective of Psychosocial Safety Climate","authors":"M. Chughtai, Fauzia Syed, S. Naseer","doi":"10.51239/nrjss.vi.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51239/nrjss.vi.329","url":null,"abstract":"Change in organizations becomes an essential element for the attainment of competitive advantage and survival of organizations in a highly competitive environment. This study investigates the direct influence of learning organizations on organizational innovation and affective commitment to change. Moreover, this study also examines the moderating role of psychosocial safety climate between the relationship of learning organizations and organizational innovation and affective commitment to change. 303 permanent employees from the manufacturing and service sectors participated in this study for the data collection purpose, and data was collected by adopting the time-lag technique through a self-administered process. The data analysis was performed using MS Excel, SPSS, and AMOS. The study's findings evidenced the direct influence of learning organizations on organizational innovation and affective commitment to change. Moreover, a higher psychosocial safety climate enhances the organizational innovation and affective commitment to change in learning organizations. The present research findings are helpful for the management of manufacturing and service sector organizations that by utilizing the concept of the learning organization, they can enhance the level of organizational innovation and affective commitment to change. Moreover, the psychosocial safety climate of the organization also plays a vital role in this regard. The present study highlights the importance of learning organizations to enhance organizational innovation and affective commitment to change by modifying their schemata through a psychosocial safety climate.","PeriodicalId":286621,"journal":{"name":"NICE Research Journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115756873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Mahmood Shah Khan, Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali, Farrukh Ijaz, Asghar Kamal
In developing economies, microfinance institutions have become an increasingly popular approach to reducing poverty, social empowerment (especially among women), and economic growth by providing new opportunities for the poor for entrepreneurship. This study investigates the effectiveness of Islamic microfinance programs on the comfort level of the Islamic Microfinance (IMF) system in Pakistan. The study examines the effectiveness of IMF institutions in the country's small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Quantitative research based on primary data is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various IMF institutions in Pakistan. The data is collected from the 88 SME owners located near Lahore (Punjab), Pakistan. The independent variables are the cost of the loan, income and living standard, loan repayment policy, Shariah compliance, and loan utilizing opportunities. The dependent variable is microcredit customer satisfaction examined through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. Regression analysis is applied and found that income, loan repayment policy, loan utilization opportunities, loan cost, and Shariah compliance have a statistically significant positive influence on the microcredit customer's satisfaction. The study implies that understanding customer satisfaction helps IMF institutions enhance their financial performance, improve client retention, and fulfill their social mission.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Islamic Microfinance Institutions Through Customer's Satisfaction in Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Mahmood Shah Khan, Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali, Farrukh Ijaz, Asghar Kamal","doi":"10.51239/nrjss.vi.342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51239/nrjss.vi.342","url":null,"abstract":"In developing economies, microfinance institutions have become an increasingly popular approach to reducing poverty, social empowerment (especially among women), and economic growth by providing new opportunities for the poor for entrepreneurship. This study investigates the effectiveness of Islamic microfinance programs on the comfort level of the Islamic Microfinance (IMF) system in Pakistan. The study examines the effectiveness of IMF institutions in the country's small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Quantitative research based on primary data is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various IMF institutions in Pakistan. The data is collected from the 88 SME owners located near Lahore (Punjab), Pakistan. The independent variables are the cost of the loan, income and living standard, loan repayment policy, Shariah compliance, and loan utilizing opportunities. The dependent variable is microcredit customer satisfaction examined through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. Regression analysis is applied and found that income, loan repayment policy, loan utilization opportunities, loan cost, and Shariah compliance have a statistically significant positive influence on the microcredit customer's satisfaction. The study implies that understanding customer satisfaction helps IMF institutions enhance their financial performance, improve client retention, and fulfill their social mission.","PeriodicalId":286621,"journal":{"name":"NICE Research Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132010650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Awais, Bushra Zulfiqar, Rabia Saghir, Asiya Sohail, A. Rana
Objective-Psychological Indicator specifies impetus and drift way, in addition to overbought and overvalued worth echelons and its conforming conceivable mean setbacks. These indicators play an essential role in sustainable development goals via stock market activities. The central objectives of the study are to identify the key psychological cognitive indicators behind the abnormal movements of the market. Methodology -For this purpose, a Semi-structured scale - developed on a self-basis - (with the help of literature and connoisseur’s meetings) was used after the context and the content validity to get an extensive array of differentiated information. Results-According to the experts of the market: investors do not always behave rationally, most investors either fall in the category of overconfident investors or status quo investors, usually the Rookies or beginners in the stock markets only have elementary knowledge and basic experience in the investment domain, based on little or no knowledge of rookies it is actually so hard for them to recognize the future prospects of the securities, and not only investors but stock market’s financial analysts can also be subjected to the behavioral biases but on the other hand in order to understand and recognize one’s own behavioral biases and proneness towards those biases investors can rely on financial planners. Conclusion-The traditional economic theory states that the investor is rational: which is not true in every case and is hard to generalize. Investors must overcome the general predispositions that lead to poor decision-making if they are to become successful in the stock market in the long run. And the investor must learn all about the investment accounts available in the stock market
{"title":"Psychological Indicator(s) in Stock Activities considering SDGs: The Wealth Maximization Criteria of Investors and Growth of Economy","authors":"Muhammad Awais, Bushra Zulfiqar, Rabia Saghir, Asiya Sohail, A. Rana","doi":"10.51239/nrjss.vi.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51239/nrjss.vi.345","url":null,"abstract":"Objective-Psychological Indicator specifies impetus and drift way, in addition to overbought and overvalued worth echelons and its conforming conceivable mean setbacks. These indicators play an essential role in sustainable development goals via stock market activities. The central objectives of the study are to identify the key psychological cognitive indicators behind the abnormal movements of the market.\u0000Methodology -For this purpose, a Semi-structured scale - developed on a self-basis - (with the help of literature and connoisseur’s meetings) was used after the context and the content validity to get an extensive array of differentiated information.\u0000Results-According to the experts of the market: investors do not always behave rationally, most investors either fall in the category of overconfident investors or status quo investors, usually the Rookies or beginners in the stock markets only have elementary knowledge and basic experience in the investment domain, based on little or no knowledge of rookies it is actually so hard for them to recognize the future prospects of the securities, and not only investors but stock market’s financial analysts can also be subjected to the behavioral biases but on the other hand in order to understand and recognize one’s own behavioral biases and proneness towards those biases investors can rely on financial planners.\u0000Conclusion-The traditional economic theory states that the investor is rational: which is not true in every case and is hard to generalize. Investors must overcome the general predispositions that lead to poor decision-making if they are to become successful in the stock market in the long run. And the investor must learn all about the investment accounts available in the stock market","PeriodicalId":286621,"journal":{"name":"NICE Research Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114192831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose - Several studies are available on the impact of energy prices on the overall economy and industrial output of Pakistan. However, there is no valuable work that has examined the impact of different groups of commodity prices on industrial output. This study is aimed to fills-in this gap and examine the impact of seven groups of commodities on the industrial output of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach - It uses the Structural Vector Autoregression model for monthly data from July 2008 to June 2020. Findings - The finding of our study suggests that food, education and clothing, and footwear price shocks have a negative and significant impact on industrial output. Whereas, the oil and transportation price shocks have a negative impact. The findings of this study may help policymakers to control the commodity prices that have a dominant-negative impact and provide insight that all commodity price shocks are not alike for the industrial output of Pakistan. Originality/value - This study contributes significantly to the topic under consideration and provides new insight that not all commodity price shocks are identical. Oil is no doubt the main source of energy. However, many other types of commodities significantly affect the industrial production of Pakistan. This study is the first attempt to highlight the impact of seven groups of commodity prices and provide evidence that these commodity prices significantly affect the industrial production of Pakistan.
{"title":"Commodity Price Shocks and Industrial Production of Pakistan","authors":"Humera Iram, Abdul Jabbar, A. Bhatti","doi":"10.51239/nrjss.vi.340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51239/nrjss.vi.340","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - Several studies are available on the impact of energy prices on the overall economy and industrial output of Pakistan. However, there is no valuable work that has examined the impact of different groups of commodity prices on industrial output. This study is aimed to fills-in this gap and examine the impact of seven groups of commodities on the industrial output of Pakistan. \u0000Design/methodology/approach - It uses the Structural Vector Autoregression model for monthly data from July 2008 to June 2020. \u0000Findings - The finding of our study suggests that food, education and clothing, and footwear price shocks have a negative and significant impact on industrial output. Whereas, the oil and transportation price shocks have a negative impact. The findings of this study may help policymakers to control the commodity prices that have a dominant-negative impact and provide insight that all commodity price shocks are not alike for the industrial output of Pakistan. \u0000Originality/value - This study contributes significantly to the topic under consideration and provides new insight that not all commodity price shocks are identical. Oil is no doubt the main source of energy. However, many other types of commodities significantly affect the industrial production of Pakistan. This study is the first attempt to highlight the impact of seven groups of commodity prices and provide evidence that these commodity prices significantly affect the industrial production of Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":286621,"journal":{"name":"NICE Research Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125435662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, green consumerism is becoming the center of attraction for many researchers. The dominance of environment-friendly consumers is increasing. In the context of Pakistan, this research issue is not fully explored, and the hospitality industry of Pakistan remains unexplored concerning the green purchase intention to the best of the researcher’s knowledge. It is also identified that the concept of green purchase is a relatively untouched area in the service industry overall. Therefore, current research aims to investigate the association of the brand image with purchasing intentions of green consumers, in the presence of the mediating effect of CSR. This study has collected quantitative data where customers from the hospitality industry are selected. The sample size of the returned questionnaires on which the findings of the study have been based is 246. The findings of the study state that the role of brand image in green purchase intention is extensive. Further investigation of the mediating role of CSR indicates a partial mediation of CSR perception between the brand image and green purchase intentions of consumers. Hence, it can be significantly stated from the findings of the current research that the positive CSR perception is expected to play a complementary role in the overall green purchase intentions of consumers in the hospitality sector of Pakistan. The recommendations for future research state the need for further industry perspectives to be explored in terms of CSR implications.
{"title":"Impact of Brand Image on Green Purchase Intentions: Mediating Role of CSR Perceptions","authors":"Zara Sabeen, Neelam Ayub, Faria Arshad","doi":"10.51239/nrjss.vi.351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51239/nrjss.vi.351","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, green consumerism is becoming the center of attraction for many researchers. The dominance of environment-friendly consumers is increasing. In the context of Pakistan, this research issue is not fully explored, and the hospitality industry of Pakistan remains unexplored concerning the green purchase intention to the best of the researcher’s knowledge. It is also identified that the concept of green purchase is a relatively untouched area in the service industry overall. Therefore, current research aims to investigate the association of the brand image with purchasing intentions of green consumers, in the presence of the mediating effect of CSR. This study has collected quantitative data where customers from the hospitality industry are selected. The sample size of the returned questionnaires on which the findings of the study have been based is 246. The findings of the study state that the role of brand image in green purchase intention is extensive. Further investigation of the mediating role of CSR indicates a partial mediation of CSR perception between the brand image and green purchase intentions of consumers. Hence, it can be significantly stated from the findings of the current research that the positive CSR perception is expected to play a complementary role in the overall green purchase intentions of consumers in the hospitality sector of Pakistan. The recommendations for future research state the need for further industry perspectives to be explored in terms of CSR implications.","PeriodicalId":286621,"journal":{"name":"NICE Research Journal","volume":"28 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134259950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding clients and their consumption patterns, as well as the factors that influence their decisions, is all that matters in today's increasingly saturated, competitive, and savvy market. The goal of this study is to look into the reasons that make it difficult for customers to purchase packaged milk. A total of 800 questionnaires were distributed to milk buyers, with 587 of them being comprised in study who favored fresh milk. The convenience sampling method was utilized. All of the study's components, such as perceived price unfairness, low sensory appeal, perceived poor product quality, and perceived deception in ads influenced the attitude of milk purchasers, which in turn influenced their purchase intention. The findings of this study will help marketing executives at milk processing businesses better grasp the dynamics as they design strategies.
{"title":"An Empirical Investigation of Factors that Impede the Purcase of Packaged Milk in Pakistan","authors":"Hannan Afzal, Shabbar Husssain, Nasir Hussain","doi":"10.51239/nrjss.vi.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51239/nrjss.vi.321","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding clients and their consumption patterns, as well as the factors that influence their decisions, is all that matters in today's increasingly saturated, competitive, and savvy market. The goal of this study is to look into the reasons that make it difficult for customers to purchase packaged milk. A total of 800 questionnaires were distributed to milk buyers, with 587 of them being comprised in study who favored fresh milk. The convenience sampling method was utilized. All of the study's components, such as perceived price unfairness, low sensory appeal, perceived poor product quality, and perceived deception in ads influenced the attitude of milk purchasers, which in turn influenced their purchase intention. The findings of this study will help marketing executives at milk processing businesses better grasp the dynamics as they design strategies.","PeriodicalId":286621,"journal":{"name":"NICE Research Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117116507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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