Theresa Jean Tanenbaum, Marcel Pufal, Karen Tanenbaum
In this paper we explore how design fiction -- an increasingly common and relevant strategy within HCI and the Digital Humanities -- can be used to get purchase on the future. In particular, we address how design fictional methods allow researchers to construct arguments about feared or dystopian futures within the context of collapse informatics. Fiction, as a research tool, allows us to do several important things with proximal futures: it allows us to adopt a range of different intellectual commitments and values about the future and explore the consequences of those commitments; it allows us to articulate these consequences to a broader public in a format that is more readily consumed and understood than a research paper; and it allows us to insulate ourselves from the emotional consequences of perceived proximal dystopias by creating space to "play with" and explore alternative visions of the future. We argue that paying attention to how popular culture represents scenarios of collapse can provide insight into how to express and communicate the challenges and potential solutions framed by the LIMITS community to a broad public audience.
{"title":"The limits of our imagination: design fiction as a strategy for engaging with dystopian futures","authors":"Theresa Jean Tanenbaum, Marcel Pufal, Karen Tanenbaum","doi":"10.1145/2926676.2926687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2926676.2926687","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we explore how design fiction -- an increasingly common and relevant strategy within HCI and the Digital Humanities -- can be used to get purchase on the future. In particular, we address how design fictional methods allow researchers to construct arguments about feared or dystopian futures within the context of collapse informatics. Fiction, as a research tool, allows us to do several important things with proximal futures: it allows us to adopt a range of different intellectual commitments and values about the future and explore the consequences of those commitments; it allows us to articulate these consequences to a broader public in a format that is more readily consumed and understood than a research paper; and it allows us to insulate ourselves from the emotional consequences of perceived proximal dystopias by creating space to \"play with\" and explore alternative visions of the future. We argue that paying attention to how popular culture represents scenarios of collapse can provide insight into how to express and communicate the challenges and potential solutions framed by the LIMITS community to a broad public audience.","PeriodicalId":286684,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Computing within Limits","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123038333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Somya Joshi, T. Cerratto Pargman, A. Gazis, D. Pargman
In the age of Big Open Linked Data (BOLD), we inhabit a landscape where future scenarios are imagined, modeled, planned for and embedded in policy. Between the euphoric techno-utopian rhetoric of the boundless potential of BOLD innovations and the dystopian view of the dangers of such innovations (e.g. ubiquitous surveillance etc.), this paper offers a critical understanding of the boundaries that are traversed by the implementation of BOLD within policy modeling. We examine BOLD as a tool for imagining futures, for reducing uncertainties, for providing legitimacy and for concentrating power. In doing so we further develop the LIMITs community's conceptualization of the societal limitations on computing, with specific reference to the assumptions, interpretations and trust that we place in these models when making socio-environmental policy decisions. We use an illustrative case of policy modeling, which provides a much-needed critical discussion of the inherent limitations and risks as well as the promises that are offered by BOLD.
{"title":"Whose future is it anyway?: limits within policy modeling","authors":"Somya Joshi, T. Cerratto Pargman, A. Gazis, D. Pargman","doi":"10.1145/2926676.2926682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2926676.2926682","url":null,"abstract":"In the age of Big Open Linked Data (BOLD), we inhabit a landscape where future scenarios are imagined, modeled, planned for and embedded in policy. Between the euphoric techno-utopian rhetoric of the boundless potential of BOLD innovations and the dystopian view of the dangers of such innovations (e.g. ubiquitous surveillance etc.), this paper offers a critical understanding of the boundaries that are traversed by the implementation of BOLD within policy modeling. We examine BOLD as a tool for imagining futures, for reducing uncertainties, for providing legitimacy and for concentrating power. In doing so we further develop the LIMITs community's conceptualization of the societal limitations on computing, with specific reference to the assumptions, interpretations and trust that we place in these models when making socio-environmental policy decisions. We use an illustrative case of policy modeling, which provides a much-needed critical discussion of the inherent limitations and risks as well as the promises that are offered by BOLD.","PeriodicalId":286684,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Computing within Limits","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116284283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern communications systems rely on assumptions of centralized systems and underlying infrastructure that make them vulnerable in computing within limits scenarios. In this paper we offer case studies of issues facing connectivity in three locations in developing regions as a proxy for networks in such scenarios. We explore obstacles presented by such circumstances and future research directions for systems in resource-poor networking environments. We propose democratizing infrastructure deployment in a bottomup manner and re-thinking network architectures to be more decentralized with less reliance on centralized support systems.
{"title":"Navigating connectivity in reduced infrastructure environments","authors":"Paul Schmitt, E. Belding-Royer","doi":"10.1145/2926676.2926691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2926676.2926691","url":null,"abstract":"Modern communications systems rely on assumptions of centralized systems and underlying infrastructure that make them vulnerable in computing within limits scenarios. In this paper we offer case studies of issues facing connectivity in three locations in developing regions as a proxy for networks in such scenarios. We explore obstacles presented by such circumstances and future research directions for systems in resource-poor networking environments. We propose democratizing infrastructure deployment in a bottomup manner and re-thinking network architectures to be more decentralized with less reliance on centralized support systems.","PeriodicalId":286684,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Computing within Limits","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122274322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research in sociology, anthropology, and organizational theory indicates that most societies readily create increasingly complex societal systems. Over long periods of time, accumulated societal complexity bears costs in excess of benefits, and leads to a societal decline. In this paper we attempt to answer a fundamental question: what is the appropriate response to excessive sociotechnical complexity? We argue that the process of refactoring, which is commonplace in computing, is ideally suited to our circumstances today in a global industrial society replete with complex sociotechnical systems. We further consider future directions for computing research and sustainability research with the aim to understand and help decrease sociotechnical complexity.
{"title":"Refactoring society: systems complexity in an age of limits","authors":"B. Raghavan, D. Pargman","doi":"10.1145/2926676.2926677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2926676.2926677","url":null,"abstract":"Research in sociology, anthropology, and organizational theory indicates that most societies readily create increasingly complex societal systems. Over long periods of time, accumulated societal complexity bears costs in excess of benefits, and leads to a societal decline. In this paper we attempt to answer a fundamental question: what is the appropriate response to excessive sociotechnical complexity? We argue that the process of refactoring, which is commonplace in computing, is ideally suited to our circumstances today in a global industrial society replete with complex sociotechnical systems. We further consider future directions for computing research and sustainability research with the aim to understand and help decrease sociotechnical complexity.","PeriodicalId":286684,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Computing within Limits","volume":"101 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113996485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Internet stands atop an unseen industrial system required for its continued growth, operation, and maintenance. Its scale could not have been achieved without this reliance, and its dependencies---ranging from sophisticated manufacturing facilities to limited raw materials---make it vulnerable to supply-chain disruptions, which are more likely as human society faces global ecological limits. We introduce the concept of an Internet quine, a metaphor that represents a collection of devices, protocols, manufacturing facilities, software tools, and other related components that is self-bootstrapping and capable of being used (by engineers or autonomously) to reproduce itself and all the needed components of the Internet. In this paper, we study the nature of Internet quines and discuss how they could be built. We also attempt to identify a collection of such tools and facilities, and how small and inexpensive they can be made.
{"title":"Macroscopically sustainable networking: on internet quines","authors":"B. Raghavan, Shaddi Hasan","doi":"10.1145/2926676.2926685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2926676.2926685","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet stands atop an unseen industrial system required for its continued growth, operation, and maintenance. Its scale could not have been achieved without this reliance, and its dependencies---ranging from sophisticated manufacturing facilities to limited raw materials---make it vulnerable to supply-chain disruptions, which are more likely as human society faces global ecological limits. We introduce the concept of an Internet quine, a metaphor that represents a collection of devices, protocols, manufacturing facilities, software tools, and other related components that is self-bootstrapping and capable of being used (by engineers or autonomously) to reproduce itself and all the needed components of the Internet. In this paper, we study the nature of Internet quines and discuss how they could be built. We also attempt to identify a collection of such tools and facilities, and how small and inexpensive they can be made.","PeriodicalId":286684,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Computing within Limits","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129774167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In areas of resource scarcity, 3D printing has the potential to provide an environmentally sustainable and collapse-compliant means of production. 3D printing can reduce waste, utilize local and sustainable printing materials, and create an extensive variety of objects to help localized communities produce goods in resource-scarce environments. The possibility of societal collapse provides an opportunity to discuss the future of 3D printing technology under the notion of collapse informatics, and to discuss current opportunities and limitations of 3D printing as a collapse-compliant means of production. Because of 3D printing's novelty and rapid development, it is difficult to predict the future of personal 3D printing technologies. 3D printer designers should use the present to evaluate a possible future of collapse and realize the industry's potential to become a collapse-compliant means of production.
{"title":"3D printing: a future collapse-compliant means of production","authors":"Samantha McDonald","doi":"10.1145/2926676.2926680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2926676.2926680","url":null,"abstract":"In areas of resource scarcity, 3D printing has the potential to provide an environmentally sustainable and collapse-compliant means of production. 3D printing can reduce waste, utilize local and sustainable printing materials, and create an extensive variety of objects to help localized communities produce goods in resource-scarce environments. The possibility of societal collapse provides an opportunity to discuss the future of 3D printing technology under the notion of collapse informatics, and to discuss current opportunities and limitations of 3D printing as a collapse-compliant means of production. Because of 3D printing's novelty and rapid development, it is difficult to predict the future of personal 3D printing technologies. 3D printer designers should use the present to evaluate a possible future of collapse and realize the industry's potential to become a collapse-compliant means of production.","PeriodicalId":286684,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Computing within Limits","volume":"60 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114003861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on computing within limits explores the design of computing technologies that will be appropriate for a future where availability of resources is drastically reduced. In an effort to define the scope and goals of limits-aware computing, early papers discussed how such a future may come about, what challenges this future may present, and the kinds of technologies we should design given these scenarios. In this paper, we posit that these future challenges already exist today in their incipient forms. We propose that limits-aware computing research should focus on these problems to make a difference today while preparing for further future collapse.
{"title":"A strategy for limits-aware computing","authors":"Jay Chen","doi":"10.1145/2926676.2926692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2926676.2926692","url":null,"abstract":"Research on computing within limits explores the design of computing technologies that will be appropriate for a future where availability of resources is drastically reduced. In an effort to define the scope and goals of limits-aware computing, early papers discussed how such a future may come about, what challenges this future may present, and the kinds of technologies we should design given these scenarios. In this paper, we posit that these future challenges already exist today in their incipient forms. We propose that limits-aware computing research should focus on these problems to make a difference today while preparing for further future collapse.","PeriodicalId":286684,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Computing within Limits","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117176655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Circular economies are particularly relevant in the context of digital devices or electric and electronic equipment (EEE). Many digital devices built using scarce and potentially toxic materials have a too-short life, instead of being repaired or reused. In addition, informal recycling of electronics in the developed and developing world has emerged as a new global environmental concern. We describe the dimensions of the problem, the challenge to move to a circular economy, and the ecology for digital devices as well as how this depends on the traceability of devices and cooperation among all stakeholders locally and globally. Moreover we examine the need for support mechanisms to facilitate, standardise, and reduce the transaction cost of the processes and increase their added value. We present eReuse.org, a set of open-source tools, procedures, open data, and services organised as a common-pool resource (CPR) to reach the circular economy of electronics through promoting reuse and ensuring traceability until recycling. Further, eReuse.org envisions empowering and engaging people around the world to create local communities that bootstrap electronic reuse and to support the development of a globally recognised reuse quality and traceability standard.
{"title":"A circular commons for digital devices: tools and services in ereuse.org","authors":"David Franquesa, L. Navarro, Xavier Bustamante","doi":"10.1145/2926676.2926684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2926676.2926684","url":null,"abstract":"Circular economies are particularly relevant in the context of digital devices or electric and electronic equipment (EEE). Many digital devices built using scarce and potentially toxic materials have a too-short life, instead of being repaired or reused. In addition, informal recycling of electronics in the developed and developing world has emerged as a new global environmental concern. We describe the dimensions of the problem, the challenge to move to a circular economy, and the ecology for digital devices as well as how this depends on the traceability of devices and cooperation among all stakeholders locally and globally. Moreover we examine the need for support mechanisms to facilitate, standardise, and reduce the transaction cost of the processes and increase their added value. We present eReuse.org, a set of open-source tools, procedures, open data, and services organised as a common-pool resource (CPR) to reach the circular economy of electronics through promoting reuse and ensuring traceability until recycling. Further, eReuse.org envisions empowering and engaging people around the world to create local communities that bootstrap electronic reuse and to support the development of a globally recognised reuse quality and traceability standard.","PeriodicalId":286684,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Computing within Limits","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117018203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed, Nova Ahmed, F. Hussain, Neha Kumar
Gender inequality has long been on the list of factors that impose limits on the potential of computing, in ways that have been more and less obvious. Drawing on ethnographic findings from marginalized communities in Bangladesh, we analyze the impact of gender inequality on the stages of user research, design, deployment, and use of computing technologies. We conclude with a discussion of how a combination of design, policy, and/or theoretical approaches might supply us with tools to combat the challenges faced in these stages in order to bring about greater equity and participation in the world of computing.
{"title":"Computing beyond gender-imposed limits","authors":"Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed, Nova Ahmed, F. Hussain, Neha Kumar","doi":"10.1145/2926676.2926681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2926676.2926681","url":null,"abstract":"Gender inequality has long been on the list of factors that impose limits on the potential of computing, in ways that have been more and less obvious. Drawing on ethnographic findings from marginalized communities in Bangladesh, we analyze the impact of gender inequality on the stages of user research, design, deployment, and use of computing technologies. We conclude with a discussion of how a combination of design, policy, and/or theoretical approaches might supply us with tools to combat the challenges faced in these stages in order to bring about greater equity and participation in the world of computing.","PeriodicalId":286684,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Computing within Limits","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121371378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The world is facing a shelter crisis that is only expected to worsen in the future as resources become scarcer and climate change, economic decline, and mass migrations pervade. In this paper, we argue that the ICT community has a major role to play in the crisis of shelter provision, and we explore the relevant challenges and limitations, as well as the role ICT systems can play to mitigate them. We break shelter provision into four fundamental processes: land procurement, design, construction, and maintenance, and we sketch four research themes to address them. Through specific project examples, we show that the abundant present is the time to use ICT systems to investigate, collect, analyze, develop, test, and preserve a variety of tools, techniques, knowledge bits, construction kits, and algorithms that will guide us in the future to produce shelters with limited design, computing, and construction resources.
{"title":"Situating shelter design and provision in ICT discourse for scarce-resource contexts","authors":"Samar Sabie, Maha Salman, S. Easterbrook","doi":"10.1145/2926676.2926686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2926676.2926686","url":null,"abstract":"The world is facing a shelter crisis that is only expected to worsen in the future as resources become scarcer and climate change, economic decline, and mass migrations pervade. In this paper, we argue that the ICT community has a major role to play in the crisis of shelter provision, and we explore the relevant challenges and limitations, as well as the role ICT systems can play to mitigate them. We break shelter provision into four fundamental processes: land procurement, design, construction, and maintenance, and we sketch four research themes to address them. Through specific project examples, we show that the abundant present is the time to use ICT systems to investigate, collect, analyze, develop, test, and preserve a variety of tools, techniques, knowledge bits, construction kits, and algorithms that will guide us in the future to produce shelters with limited design, computing, and construction resources.","PeriodicalId":286684,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Computing within Limits","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128672767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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