Concepts of inter-personal relations are most elusive. They conceal assumptions, norms, beliefs and various associated notions, and become even more opaque and potent when they transcend the language in which they are used and come to reflect a culture or a tradition. Escaping the critical gaze of those “in” the tradition, these concepts and their theoretical baggage remain largely alien to those outside it. This gap fosters a sense of alienation, if not of exclusion, on the part of those living outside what they often regard as a charmed circle. No doubt, friendship is unlikely to figure on the danger list of such concepts. Yet, the concept is not innocent. It reflects philosophical and social presuppositions accumulated in the course of its long history and bears the weight of the paradigm shifts it underwent. This essay identifies some of these presuppositions built into it, outlines major steps in its development, and offers reasons why this particulate inter-personal relation came to be conceived the way it is conceived in “the Western tradition”.
{"title":"Aristotle, Montaigne, Kant and the Others: How Friendship Came to be Conceived as it is Conceived in the Western Tradition","authors":"S. Stern-Gillet","doi":"10.4018/IJT.2019010105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJT.2019010105","url":null,"abstract":"Concepts of inter-personal relations are most elusive. They conceal assumptions, norms, beliefs and various associated notions, and become even more opaque and potent when they transcend the language in which they are used and come to reflect a culture or a tradition. Escaping the critical gaze of those “in” the tradition, these concepts and their theoretical baggage remain largely alien to those outside it. This gap fosters a sense of alienation, if not of exclusion, on the part of those living outside what they often regard as a charmed circle. No doubt, friendship is unlikely to figure on the danger list of such concepts. Yet, the concept is not innocent. It reflects philosophical and social presuppositions accumulated in the course of its long history and bears the weight of the paradigm shifts it underwent. This essay identifies some of these presuppositions built into it, outlines major steps in its development, and offers reasons why this particulate inter-personal relation came to be conceived the way it is conceived in “the Western tradition”.","PeriodicalId":287069,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Technoethics","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121462767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today's elementary-school-aged ballet students were born in the era of Web 2.0. Their everyday lives are significantly engaged with digital technology. Though scholars have addressed related topics, no one has looked at how ballet can be taught to the Web 2.0 generation using twenty-first-century technologies. The purpose of this article is to help fill that gap in the literature. This author first, calls for a shift in the pedagogical approach to teaching elementary-school-aged students ballet; next, suggests incorporating student-generated time-lapse, tutorial, fan review and commentary, and reaction YouTube videos; then, argues that this cross-pollinated approach could help teachers develop specific skills in students, while also extending existing research on twenty-first-century technology as it relates to cultural identity, pedagogical approaches in arts education, and other pedagogical approaches.
{"title":"Ballet Education for the Web 2.0 Generation: A Case for Using YouTube to Teach Elementary-School-Aged Ballet Students","authors":"Alejandra Emilia Iannone","doi":"10.4018/IJT.2019010104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJT.2019010104","url":null,"abstract":"Today's elementary-school-aged ballet students were born in the era of Web 2.0. Their everyday lives are significantly engaged with digital technology. Though scholars have addressed related topics, no one has looked at how ballet can be taught to the Web 2.0 generation using twenty-first-century technologies. The purpose of this article is to help fill that gap in the literature. This author first, calls for a shift in the pedagogical approach to teaching elementary-school-aged students ballet; next, suggests incorporating student-generated time-lapse, tutorial, fan review and commentary, and reaction YouTube videos; then, argues that this cross-pollinated approach could help teachers develop specific skills in students, while also extending existing research on twenty-first-century technology as it relates to cultural identity, pedagogical approaches in arts education, and other pedagogical approaches.","PeriodicalId":287069,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Technoethics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130282899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Macmurray's controversial thesis: “All meaningful knowledge is for the sake of action and all meaningful action for the sake of friendship” is unpacked by explaining and illustrating what he means by the “personal.” He sees philosophy as a cultural phenomenon which expresses and responds to its historical context, and in turn affects how people think and behave. The Subject as Thinker, which has dominated modern philosophy, has led us to value knowledge for its own sake and trust theory over practice, needs to be replaced by the self as agent. The logic of the personal, in which the positive (e.g. action, love) is constituted and sustained by its negative (e.g. thinking, fear) arises out of personal relationship (“I-and-you”). Facing the problematic personhood may enable us to find meaning in relations with others, and face the future with hope.
{"title":"Philosophy, Past and Present: John Macmurray and Our Future","authors":"Eleanor M. Godway","doi":"10.4018/IJT.2019010101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJT.2019010101","url":null,"abstract":"John Macmurray's controversial thesis: “All meaningful knowledge is for the sake of action and all meaningful action for the sake of friendship” is unpacked by explaining and illustrating what he means by the “personal.” He sees philosophy as a cultural phenomenon which expresses and responds to its historical context, and in turn affects how people think and behave. The Subject as Thinker, which has dominated modern philosophy, has led us to value knowledge for its own sake and trust theory over practice, needs to be replaced by the self as agent. The logic of the personal, in which the positive (e.g. action, love) is constituted and sustained by its negative (e.g. thinking, fear) arises out of personal relationship (“I-and-you”). Facing the problematic personhood may enable us to find meaning in relations with others, and face the future with hope.","PeriodicalId":287069,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Technoethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114716908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the B-theory of time seems to fit with the current physical theory, it also seems to require treating temporal passage as an illusion. The aim of this article is to show that by understanding cases of apparent motion in a particular way, one can maintain the B-theory while also retaining the privileged status that the phenomenon of temporal passage plays in human experience. However, to understand these cases correctly, one should turn to arguments in the history of philosophy. More specifically, arguments from Russell, Kant and Hume can be used to make the B-theory more plausible.
{"title":"The Problem of Time's Passage: Using Historical Arguments to Inform the Debate","authors":"C. Brewer","doi":"10.4018/IJT.2019010103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJT.2019010103","url":null,"abstract":"While the B-theory of time seems to fit with the current physical theory, it also seems to require treating temporal passage as an illusion. The aim of this article is to show that by understanding cases of apparent motion in a particular way, one can maintain the B-theory while also retaining the privileged status that the phenomenon of temporal passage plays in human experience. However, to understand these cases correctly, one should turn to arguments in the history of philosophy. More specifically, arguments from Russell, Kant and Hume can be used to make the B-theory more plausible.","PeriodicalId":287069,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Technoethics","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134378532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Perhaps if the preservation of nature is to mean anything in the concrete legal and policy world in which we live, it is time to move away from our reliance on fundamentally changing grass-roots conventional moral values as a prerequisite to policy in a bottom-up approach to change. Instead, perhaps we should consider a revolution in the terms of the explicit legal contract between humanity and nature granting new essential status and fundamental legal standing to the natural world; redefining the core values and assumptions applied to policy from the top-down. The author will call this explicit ‘status' contract between humanity and nature the ‘Ecological Contract' and argue that it is only through legitimizing the status of nature in law that we can assure the long-term sustainability of the natural world.
{"title":"Toward an Environmental Law of Essential Goods: A Philosophical and Legal Justification For 'Ecological Contract'","authors":"J. Gillroy","doi":"10.4018/IJT.2018070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJT.2018070104","url":null,"abstract":"Perhaps if the preservation of nature is to mean anything in the concrete legal and policy world in which we live, it is time to move away from our reliance on fundamentally changing grass-roots conventional moral values as a prerequisite to policy in a bottom-up approach to change. Instead, perhaps we should consider a revolution in the terms of the explicit legal contract between humanity and nature granting new essential status and fundamental legal standing to the natural world; redefining the core values and assumptions applied to policy from the top-down. The author will call this explicit ‘status' contract between humanity and nature the ‘Ecological Contract' and argue that it is only through legitimizing the status of nature in law that we can assure the long-term sustainability of the natural world.","PeriodicalId":287069,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Technoethics","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126630984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Notwithstanding the potential of IoT to revolutionise our personal and social lives, the absence of a solid framework of ethics may lead to situations where smart devices are used in ways uncongenial to the moral fabric of a society. In this work, the authors seek to provide a conceptual framework toward incorporating ethics in IoT. They employ the concept of object for each smart device in order to represent ethics relevant to its context. Moreover, the authors propose dedicating a separate ethics layer in the protocol stack of smart devices to account for socio-cultural ethical aspects of a society. The ethics layer enables us to account for ethical responsibilities of smart devices vis-a-vis society so that inadvertent physical, emotional or psychological harm to human beings is avoided. Such mechanism ensures that devices operate ethically not only at individual level but also at D2D level to give rise to high order ethical structures e.g. ethical home, ethical office, ethical university, ethical city, etc.
{"title":"Eventuality of an Apartheid State of Things: An Ethical Perspective on the Internet of Things","authors":"Sahil Sholla, R. N. Mir, M. Chishti","doi":"10.4018/IJT.2018070106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJT.2018070106","url":null,"abstract":"Notwithstanding the potential of IoT to revolutionise our personal and social lives, the absence of a solid framework of ethics may lead to situations where smart devices are used in ways uncongenial to the moral fabric of a society. In this work, the authors seek to provide a conceptual framework toward incorporating ethics in IoT. They employ the concept of object for each smart device in order to represent ethics relevant to its context. Moreover, the authors propose dedicating a separate ethics layer in the protocol stack of smart devices to account for socio-cultural ethical aspects of a society. The ethics layer enables us to account for ethical responsibilities of smart devices vis-a-vis society so that inadvertent physical, emotional or psychological harm to human beings is avoided. Such mechanism ensures that devices operate ethically not only at individual level but also at D2D level to give rise to high order ethical structures e.g. ethical home, ethical office, ethical university, ethical city, etc.","PeriodicalId":287069,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Technoethics","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133735400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental security can be framed in environmental risks towards security, such as extreme climatic events that incite new conflicts in local populations, and the security impact on the environment as a result of human-induced damage to the ecosystem. As a result, the fact that climatic-related events can pose a threat to security and the environmental footprint can undermine peace has thus raised a concern in many militaries of democratic nations. This research article introduces the mainstream environmental security literature through the geopolitical, human security and biocentric perspectives and main social trends to analyze ethical issues in the relationship between ecology and the armed forces. It is argued that there are two major ethical challenges for the military: the securitization of the development agenda that can lead to a militarized conservation in conflict areas; and the search for a corporate sense of responsibility in terms of efficient and still ecologically sustainable operational systems that comply with international environmental agreements.
{"title":"Environmental Ethics in the Military: Between Warfare and Ecosystem Protection","authors":"M. Malamud","doi":"10.4018/IJT.2018070105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJT.2018070105","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental security can be framed in environmental risks towards security, such as extreme climatic events that incite new conflicts in local populations, and the security impact on the environment as a result of human-induced damage to the ecosystem. As a result, the fact that climatic-related events can pose a threat to security and the environmental footprint can undermine peace has thus raised a concern in many militaries of democratic nations. This research article introduces the mainstream environmental security literature through the geopolitical, human security and biocentric perspectives and main social trends to analyze ethical issues in the relationship between ecology and the armed forces. It is argued that there are two major ethical challenges for the military: the securitization of the development agenda that can lead to a militarized conservation in conflict areas; and the search for a corporate sense of responsibility in terms of efficient and still ecologically sustainable operational systems that comply with international environmental agreements.","PeriodicalId":287069,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Technoethics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131984724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How does technoethics help de-marginalize the philosophy of technology (technophilosophy) within academia and society? The first part reviews key academic and technological developments within contemporary technophilosophy defined in terms of its core areas, namely, technometaphysics, technoepistemology, technopraxiology, technoethics, and technoaesthetics. The second part discusses the rapid development of technoethics and the success of technoethical inquiry to illustrate practical ways to leverage technophilosophy within academia and society. The article concludes with recommendations on how to continue developing technophilosophy to target key research areas to build on its success, strategic positioning within academia, and growing relevance within society.
{"title":"De-Marginalizing Technophilosophy and Ethical Inquiry for an Evolving Technological Society","authors":"R. Luppicini","doi":"10.4018/IJT.2018070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJT.2018070101","url":null,"abstract":"How does technoethics help de-marginalize the philosophy of technology (technophilosophy) within academia and society? The first part reviews key academic and technological developments within contemporary technophilosophy defined in terms of its core areas, namely, technometaphysics, technoepistemology, technopraxiology, technoethics, and technoaesthetics. The second part discusses the rapid development of technoethics and the success of technoethical inquiry to illustrate practical ways to leverage technophilosophy within academia and society. The article concludes with recommendations on how to continue developing technophilosophy to target key research areas to build on its success, strategic positioning within academia, and growing relevance within society.","PeriodicalId":287069,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Technoethics","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121197314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roger Scruton and others argue that market-based approaches and voluntary civic organizations can solve many environmental problems. The author argues in response that there are significant limitations to quota systems and similar market fixes, while NGOs and civil society “networks” are not effective in overcoming certain kinds of collective action problems. Even when they work to some extent, network-based solutions such as certification schemes or charity ownership of lands may also cause new problems, such as trends towards excessive concentrations of power, unhealthy dependencies, and lack of choice about which groups act as guardians of our interests.
{"title":"Environmental Public Goods Not Securable by Markets or Networks: A Partial Response to Scruton and Iannone","authors":"John J. Davenport","doi":"10.4018/IJT.2018070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJT.2018070103","url":null,"abstract":"Roger Scruton and others argue that market-based approaches and voluntary civic organizations can solve many environmental problems. The author argues in response that there are significant limitations to quota systems and similar market fixes, while NGOs and civil society “networks” are not effective in overcoming certain kinds of collective action problems. Even when they work to some extent, network-based solutions such as certification schemes or charity ownership of lands may also cause new problems, such as trends towards excessive concentrations of power, unhealthy dependencies, and lack of choice about which groups act as guardians of our interests.","PeriodicalId":287069,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Technoethics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115375529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When determining whether or not to move forward with an eradication program, the question of possible success must be raised. Successful campaigns often need support from the public and governmental institutions, but different stakeholders may highlight different concerns when an eradication program is proposed. In what follows, the author argues that using a common ethical language when discussing particularly divisive programs with the public can help garner support for those programs. More specifically, utilizing utilitarian theory can play a valuable role in obtaining public support for eradication programs involving appealing animals.
{"title":"Obtaining Support for Eradication Programs Using a Common Ethical Language","authors":"C. Brewer","doi":"10.4018/IJT.2018070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJT.2018070102","url":null,"abstract":"When determining whether or not to move forward with an eradication program, the question of possible success must be raised. Successful campaigns often need support from the public and governmental institutions, but different stakeholders may highlight different concerns when an eradication program is proposed. In what follows, the author argues that using a common ethical language when discussing particularly divisive programs with the public can help garner support for those programs. More specifically, utilizing utilitarian theory can play a valuable role in obtaining public support for eradication programs involving appealing animals.","PeriodicalId":287069,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Technoethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125186316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：