{"title":"Attendance Report on 27th International Primatological Society Congress, and Uaso Ngiro Baboon Project","authors":"Keiko Tsubokawa","doi":"10.2354/PSJ.35.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2354/PSJ.35.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":287120,"journal":{"name":"Primate Research","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127629312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vocalizations Used in Low-arousal Situations in Primates: Implications for Speech Evolution","authors":"Noriko Katsu","doi":"10.2354/psj.35.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2354/psj.35.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":287120,"journal":{"name":"Primate Research","volume":"248 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114479432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ogawa, P. K. Paudel, S. Koirala, Sunil Khatiwada, M. Chalise
We report observations of male rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) following multi-male multi-female groups of Assamese macaques ( M. assamensis ), forming mixed species groups (MSGs), as well as intergroup encounters between rhesus and Assamese macaques at Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park (SNNP), Kathmandu District, Nepal. We observed both macaque species from July 2014 to April 2015 (Period 1) and from April 2017 to March 2018 (Period 2). In addition to wild groups, we observed the provisioned Rhesus Army (RA) and Assamese Army (AA) groups at the army camp in SNNP and the Rhesus Balaju (RB) group at Balaju Garden, adjacent to SNNP. During Period 1, macaques in the RA and AA groups entered the same provisioning site, sometimes showed aggressive behaviors between groups. During Period 2, macaques in the RB and AA groups had encounters at the army camp and Balaju Garden, showing severe aggressive behaviors between groups. Thus, intergroup relationships among these macaque species were agonistic. Nevertheless, two adult male rhesus macaques entered the provisioning site with the AA group of Assamese macaques, remained there, and then returned to the forest with the AA group during Period 2. Two other adult male rhesus macaques followed Assamese macaques in the wild Assamese Simpani (AS) group from morning until evening during Period 2. These males exhibited both aggressive and affiliative interactions with male Assamese macaques. Although these appeared to have been attracted to female Assamese macaques, we observed neither copulation nor hybrids between rhesus and Assamese macaques during our study. Since common leopards ( Panthera pardus ) inhabit SNNP, male rhesus macaques that could not immigrate into multi-male multi-female social groups of their own species might reduce predation risk and increase social advantages by joining groups of Assamese macaques, which would be a more effective strategy than remaining solitary or forming a small male group.
{"title":"Social Interactions Between Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) and Assamese Macaques (M. assamensis) in Nepal: Why Do Male Rhesus Macaques Follow Social Groups of Assamese Macaques?","authors":"H. Ogawa, P. K. Paudel, S. Koirala, Sunil Khatiwada, M. Chalise","doi":"10.2354/PSJ.35.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2354/PSJ.35.005","url":null,"abstract":"We report observations of male rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) following multi-male multi-female groups of Assamese macaques ( M. assamensis ), forming mixed species groups (MSGs), as well as intergroup encounters between rhesus and Assamese macaques at Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park (SNNP), Kathmandu District, Nepal. We observed both macaque species from July 2014 to April 2015 (Period 1) and from April 2017 to March 2018 (Period 2). In addition to wild groups, we observed the provisioned Rhesus Army (RA) and Assamese Army (AA) groups at the army camp in SNNP and the Rhesus Balaju (RB) group at Balaju Garden, adjacent to SNNP. During Period 1, macaques in the RA and AA groups entered the same provisioning site, sometimes showed aggressive behaviors between groups. During Period 2, macaques in the RB and AA groups had encounters at the army camp and Balaju Garden, showing severe aggressive behaviors between groups. Thus, intergroup relationships among these macaque species were agonistic. Nevertheless, two adult male rhesus macaques entered the provisioning site with the AA group of Assamese macaques, remained there, and then returned to the forest with the AA group during Period 2. Two other adult male rhesus macaques followed Assamese macaques in the wild Assamese Simpani (AS) group from morning until evening during Period 2. These males exhibited both aggressive and affiliative interactions with male Assamese macaques. Although these appeared to have been attracted to female Assamese macaques, we observed neither copulation nor hybrids between rhesus and Assamese macaques during our study. Since common leopards ( Panthera pardus ) inhabit SNNP, male rhesus macaques that could not immigrate into multi-male multi-female social groups of their own species might reduce predation risk and increase social advantages by joining groups of Assamese macaques, which would be a more effective strategy than remaining solitary or forming a small male group.","PeriodicalId":287120,"journal":{"name":"Primate Research","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127128927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Troop-based Management of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata): A Case Study in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Northern Japan","authors":"Takeharu Uno, Takuya Kinota","doi":"10.2354/PSJ.35.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2354/PSJ.35.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":287120,"journal":{"name":"Primate Research","volume":"06 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127371198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Both general and academic attention toward animal welfare has been increasing and the importance of scientific investigation into welfare states of captive animals is being recognized. One of the big questions in scientific studies of animal welfare is how we can assess animal welfare in an objective manner, and this is an intensively debated topic. In this paper, I reviewed the studies on captive chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) in order to discuss the methodologies used to assess welfare states and introduce studies that have investigated how social environments affect chimpanzee welfare by combining behavioral and hair cortisol (HC) measurements. Recently, cortisol accumulated in the hair of animals has been considered as an indicator of the long-term hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. From a welfare perspective, long-term stress is more problematic than acute stress as it is challenging for animals to experience distress over a long period and long-term activation of the HPA axis can result in overall health deterioration. A series of studies on captive chimpanzees show that HC is useful for monitoring the long-term stress levels in captive chimpanzees. Furthermore, using the novel measure of long-term stress, I found that the stress level of male chimpanzees is affected by social variables and that male chimpanzees use social play as a means to reduce social tension. Although scientific investigation of animal welfare is still not a prevalent practice in Japan, it is a promising area of study both for improving animal welfare and deepening our understanding about animals.
{"title":"Social Relationship and Long-term Stress of Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Animal Welfare as a Subject of Scientific Investigation","authors":"Y. Yamanashi","doi":"10.2354/psj.35.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2354/psj.35.006","url":null,"abstract":"Both general and academic attention toward animal welfare has been increasing and the importance of scientific investigation into welfare states of captive animals is being recognized. One of the big questions in scientific studies of animal welfare is how we can assess animal welfare in an objective manner, and this is an intensively debated topic. In this paper, I reviewed the studies on captive chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) in order to discuss the methodologies used to assess welfare states and introduce studies that have investigated how social environments affect chimpanzee welfare by combining behavioral and hair cortisol (HC) measurements. Recently, cortisol accumulated in the hair of animals has been considered as an indicator of the long-term hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. From a welfare perspective, long-term stress is more problematic than acute stress as it is challenging for animals to experience distress over a long period and long-term activation of the HPA axis can result in overall health deterioration. A series of studies on captive chimpanzees show that HC is useful for monitoring the long-term stress levels in captive chimpanzees. Furthermore, using the novel measure of long-term stress, I found that the stress level of male chimpanzees is affected by social variables and that male chimpanzees use social play as a means to reduce social tension. Although scientific investigation of animal welfare is still not a prevalent practice in Japan, it is a promising area of study both for improving animal welfare and deepening our understanding about animals.","PeriodicalId":287120,"journal":{"name":"Primate Research","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121402365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Present Status and Challenges for Conservation Management of Japanese Macaque (Macaca fuscata) in Kochi Prefecture, Western Japan","authors":"Emiko Ashida","doi":"10.2354/psj.35.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2354/psj.35.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":287120,"journal":{"name":"Primate Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127629878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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