{"title":"Modern Imaging in the Management of Cervical Carotid Stenosis","authors":"R. Bell, R. Armonda, Patrick Noonan","doi":"10.1055/s-2002-39817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-39817","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":287382,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurosurgery","volume":"265 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133488595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Treatment of Pituitary Tumors: An Update","authors":"Winfield S Fisher Iii","doi":"10.1055/s-2001-33615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-33615","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":287382,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurosurgery","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123961360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rocco Armonda1,2,3,4, Ronald Benitz4, Robert Rossenwasser4
The incidence of periprocedural neurological events in patients undergoing carotid angioplasty and stenting varies from 3 to 13%. During the period from April 1996 to February 1
{"title":"Adjunctive Use of Abciximab during Cerebrovascular Angioplasty and Stenting","authors":"Rocco Armonda1,2,3,4, Ronald Benitz4, Robert Rossenwasser4","doi":"10.1055/s-2002-39818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-39818","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of periprocedural neurological events in patients undergoing carotid angioplasty and stenting varies from 3 to 13%. During the period from April 1996 to February 1","PeriodicalId":287382,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurosurgery","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128641851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevention, Identification, and Management of Perioperative Complications of Carotid Endarterectomy","authors":"Shyam Krishnan1, Rocco Armonda2, James Rothstein1","doi":"10.1055/s-2002-39821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-39821","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":287382,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurosurgery","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117032999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A peripheral nerve may be damaged at any point along its course. When direct trauma is the cause there are few surprises, but on occasion nerve dysfunction occurs spontaneously without clear evidence of ex-ternal trauma. In these situations the clinician searches for other explanations and the surgeon looks for an anatomic cause to treat. In the absence of trauma, entrapment neuropathy is often considered in the differential diagnosis. As usually understood, entrapment neuropathy is an external constrictive process that, by the application of focal pressure, is responsible for the resultant dysfunction of a given peripheral nerve. Unfortunately, this understanding—although conceptually useful for the most common focal neuropathy, carpal tunnel syn-drome—is too limited mechanistically and geometrically to lend itself correctly to other focal mechanical neuropathies. Unfortunately, the term entrapment seems too well ingrained in medical parlance to be displaced at this time. Focal neuropathies amenable to surgical solutions would seem to offer a better list and are not limited to a particular geometry involving connective tissue. This article focuses on surgical solutions to those specific and characteristic locations in the lower extremity where anatomy and its variations intersect outside the physiologic boundaries of nerve function and allow focal nerve damage to occur and become clinically evident. It may be stated axomatically that the nerves of the peripheral nervous system are, in general, well protected from external forces. The ability of nerve to stretch somewhat without structural damage has been recognized for many years, 1,2 as has its ability to with-stand some pressure. 3 Along with this recognition has come the awareness that asymmetrically applied forces and pressure gradients may set in motion a series of structural and physiologic changes that will cause the nerve and its fibers to fail in function. Some of theses changes have macroscopic manifestations, such as focal
{"title":"The Surgical Treatment of Entrapment Neuropathies of the Lower Extremity","authors":"R. Tiel","doi":"10.1055/s-2001-13004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-13004","url":null,"abstract":"A peripheral nerve may be damaged at any point along its course. When direct trauma is the cause there are few surprises, but on occasion nerve dysfunction occurs spontaneously without clear evidence of ex-ternal trauma. In these situations the clinician searches for other explanations and the surgeon looks for an anatomic cause to treat. In the absence of trauma, entrapment neuropathy is often considered in the differential diagnosis. As usually understood, entrapment neuropathy is an external constrictive process that, by the application of focal pressure, is responsible for the resultant dysfunction of a given peripheral nerve. Unfortunately, this understanding—although conceptually useful for the most common focal neuropathy, carpal tunnel syn-drome—is too limited mechanistically and geometrically to lend itself correctly to other focal mechanical neuropathies. Unfortunately, the term entrapment seems too well ingrained in medical parlance to be displaced at this time. Focal neuropathies amenable to surgical solutions would seem to offer a better list and are not limited to a particular geometry involving connective tissue. This article focuses on surgical solutions to those specific and characteristic locations in the lower extremity where anatomy and its variations intersect outside the physiologic boundaries of nerve function and allow focal nerve damage to occur and become clinically evident. It may be stated axomatically that the nerves of the peripheral nervous system are, in general, well protected from external forces. The ability of nerve to stretch somewhat without structural damage has been recognized for many years, 1,2 as has its ability to with-stand some pressure. 3 Along with this recognition has come the awareness that asymmetrically applied forces and pressure gradients may set in motion a series of structural and physiologic changes that will cause the nerve and its fibers to fail in function. Some of theses changes have macroscopic manifestations, such as focal","PeriodicalId":287382,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurosurgery","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115467579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endoscopic carpal tunnel release in an effective method to relieve compression of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel. The effectiveness in terms of relief of symptoms is comparable to the effectiveness of open carpal tunnel release. When performed correctly the procedure is reliably safe, but there are numerous procedural details that must be attended to in order to perform the procedure safely and effectively. Those procedural details are outlined in the following chapter. The risk of a significant complication is higher than that associated with an open carpal tunnel release due to the more limited visualization. When performed without a complication, endoscopic carpal tunnel release is better tolerated than an open procedure due to decreased wound pain and earlier return to full activities.
{"title":"Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release","authors":"Elizabeth Moran1, Neal Naff2","doi":"10.1055/s-2001-12995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-12995","url":null,"abstract":"Endoscopic carpal tunnel release in an effective method to relieve compression of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel. The effectiveness in terms of relief of symptoms is comparable to the effectiveness of open carpal tunnel release. When performed correctly the procedure is reliably safe, but there are numerous procedural details that must be attended to in order to perform the procedure safely and effectively. Those procedural details are outlined in the following chapter. The risk of a significant complication is higher than that associated with an open carpal tunnel release due to the more limited visualization. When performed without a complication, endoscopic carpal tunnel release is better tolerated than an open procedure due to decreased wound pain and earlier return to full activities.","PeriodicalId":287382,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurosurgery","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127050572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthetic Nerve Conduits: Indications and Technique","authors":"R. Weber, A. Dellon","doi":"10.1055/s-2001-13000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-13000","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":287382,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurosurgery","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122508185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traumatic injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, and causes over half of all childhood deaths. 1–4 Mortality rates of 30 to 50% have been reported for children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although children have better survival rates than adults, the long-term sequelae are more devastating in children due to their age and extended life expectancy. 5 Costs involved in care of a child with head injury, extended over the lifetime of the patient, are tremendous. It is unfortunate that despite preventive measures, TBI remains the major morbidity and mortality factor for children.
{"title":"The ABCs of Pediatric Head Trauma","authors":"C. Mazzola, P. Adelson","doi":"10.1055/s-2002-35245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-35245","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, and causes over half of all childhood deaths. 1–4 Mortality rates of 30 to 50% have been reported for children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although children have better survival rates than adults, the long-term sequelae are more devastating in children due to their age and extended life expectancy. 5 Costs involved in care of a child with head injury, extended over the lifetime of the patient, are tremendous. It is unfortunate that despite preventive measures, TBI remains the major morbidity and mortality factor for children.","PeriodicalId":287382,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurosurgery","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134101254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With increased longevity of the HIV-infected population, the spectrum of disease is changing in clinical practice. The so-called “rare AIDS-defining diseases” and the “non-AIDS defining diseases” are being diagnosed more frequently. Findings suggest that clinically relevant neurological disease occurs in 10–20% of AIDS patients, with intracranial mass lesions accounting for nearly half of cases. Toxoplasma infection is the most common cause of these mass lesions, followed by primary CNS lymphoma. Although brain tumors are rarely seen in AIDS patients, recent literature suggests that glial tumors occur at a rate 45 times greater in AIDS patients compared with the non-AIDS population. This observation mandates a definitive diagnosis of intracranial pathology before initiation of any treatment. This article explores the correlation of brain tumors and AIDS as well as discusses methods for establishing a differential diagnosis and treatment options for this patient population.
{"title":"AIDS and Brain Tumors","authors":"P. Vannemreddy, R. Polin, Anil Nanda","doi":"10.1055/s-2000-9364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-9364","url":null,"abstract":"With increased longevity of the HIV-infected population, the spectrum of disease is changing in clinical practice. The so-called “rare AIDS-defining diseases” and the “non-AIDS defining diseases” are being diagnosed more frequently. Findings suggest that clinically relevant neurological disease occurs in 10–20% of AIDS patients, with intracranial mass lesions accounting for nearly half of cases. Toxoplasma infection is the most common cause of these mass lesions, followed by primary CNS lymphoma. Although brain tumors are rarely seen in AIDS patients, recent literature suggests that glial tumors occur at a rate 45 times greater in AIDS patients compared with the non-AIDS population. This observation mandates a definitive diagnosis of intracranial pathology before initiation of any treatment. This article explores the correlation of brain tumors and AIDS as well as discusses methods for establishing a differential diagnosis and treatment options for this patient population.","PeriodicalId":287382,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurosurgery","volume":"Volume 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129745831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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