Pub Date : 2010-11-04DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621636
R. Jasinevicius
This presentation is based on the first reaction of the world famous systems theory scientists and researchers to the global events on our earth (starting with the contemporary banking crisis and finishing with the global environmental and marine systems catastrophes, which recently have shaken or are still threatening to shake the whole world). Comments on the events dealt with political, social and systems control theory aspects. The global management of world marine ecosystem, economy and social system was considered as SoC — the system of communities aiming a maximal profit instead of rational efficiency. Such an approach was based on a certain institutionalization of a global greed. On the other hand the environmental and marine systems are presented as a stochastic set of interdependent world-vide information and control systems considered as SoS — the system of systems, having no instruments (neither fundamental theory nor tools) able to cope with the current critical situation. The old and perfectly developed control theory with its well-known stability criteria is not adequate to the phenomenon of the contemporary world's realities. New approach is proposed, adequate to the global arrangements and interdependence of actors in the contemporary world system of systems: 1) consideration of a new type of information — fuzzy knowledge-based data; 2) development of an extended independent space-time world coordinate system; 3) introduction and inclusion into the theory of a very important feature, such as anisotropy of our world's structure. These three aspects up till now were neglected by the general systems theory, and this negligence coused society's scientific impotence in the presence of the crises. So, a new branch of general systems theory is under development now; its name — GFSCT — general fuzzy systems control theory, and it is taking into account all three approaches mentioned above. In this presentation is emphasized also that the new theory, as well as world's community political will, is crucial for our future.
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Pub Date : 2010-11-04DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621626
S. Suzdalev, S. Gulbinskas
Current paper analyses the tendencies of contaminants distribution in the bottom sediments of Klaipeda port area using long-term (1999–2009) monitoring data, collected during the implementation of Klaipeda State Seaport monitoring programmes.
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Pub Date : 2010-11-04DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621639
S. Miladinova, A. Stips
Both medium and strong intensity inflow events into the Baltic Sea contribute to the ventilation of the Baltic Sea deep water. The present study is an attempt to perform realistic model simulations of the Baltic Sea in order to quantify natural mixing of dense bottom flows. The numerical simulations are carried out using the General Estuarine Transport Model (GETM) for a twelve year period from the beginning of 1995 until 2006. Simulation results are compared to the field observations from the Baltic Environmental Database (BED) for selected stations at quite different locations in the Baltic Sea, namely Anholt (AN), Arkona (AR), Bornholm (BO) and Gotland (GO) stations. A medium resolution (2D } 2D) spherical grid bathymetry and adaptive terrain-following vertical coordinates have been applied. The model validation against observations shows that the results agree rather well. The build-up of the stratification is well reproduced, however, with an underestimation of the mixed layer depth. All significant inflow events are reproduced throughout the twelve years of simulations. The timing of the inflow events has been simulated with acceptable accuracy. The seasonal temperature variation is well represented as well as the occasional decrease/increase of the near-bottom temperature due to the winter/summer inflow.
{"title":"Modelling of Baltic Sea inflow events and deep water currents","authors":"S. Miladinova, A. Stips","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621639","url":null,"abstract":"Both medium and strong intensity inflow events into the Baltic Sea contribute to the ventilation of the Baltic Sea deep water. The present study is an attempt to perform realistic model simulations of the Baltic Sea in order to quantify natural mixing of dense bottom flows. The numerical simulations are carried out using the General Estuarine Transport Model (GETM) for a twelve year period from the beginning of 1995 until 2006. Simulation results are compared to the field observations from the Baltic Environmental Database (BED) for selected stations at quite different locations in the Baltic Sea, namely Anholt (AN), Arkona (AR), Bornholm (BO) and Gotland (GO) stations. A medium resolution (2D } 2D) spherical grid bathymetry and adaptive terrain-following vertical coordinates have been applied. The model validation against observations shows that the results agree rather well. The build-up of the stratification is well reproduced, however, with an underestimation of the mixed layer depth. All significant inflow events are reproduced throughout the twelve years of simulations. The timing of the inflow events has been simulated with acceptable accuracy. The seasonal temperature variation is well represented as well as the occasional decrease/increase of the near-bottom temperature due to the winter/summer inflow.","PeriodicalId":287473,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128367929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-04DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621658
U. Raudsepp, R. Uiboupin, L. Sipelgas, P. Lagemaa, T. Kõuts, U. Lips
The objective of the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) is to provide, on a sustained basis, reliable and timely services related to environmental and security issues in support of public policy makers' needs. MyOcean is the implementation project of the GMES Marine Core Service (MCS), aiming at deploying the first concerted and integrated pan-European capacity for Ocean Monitoring and Forecasting (www.myocean.eu.org). MyOcean develops upgraded European capabilities for reference marine information and provides a wide range of key ocean indicators. The MCS provides information to intermediate users who combine it with other forms of information and data to provide customized downstream services for end users. The end users range from wide public to special target groups. Downstream marine services in Estonia are built on in-situ real time and near real time measurements, satellite remote sensing imagery and numerical modeling. Two-day marine forecasts for the North-Eastern Baltic Sea are produced by 3D circulation model HIROMB-EST. The downstream service portfolio consists of following items. Real time sea level observations including history and two-day forecasts on 12 locations around the Estonian coast are available in the Internet. Sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity are complimented with near real time ferry-box observations on the cross-section between Tallinn and Helsinki. During cloud free sky SST charts are produced using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) imagery for the Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Riga. Illegal oil spills are detected from SAR imagery. The drift of the slick is simulated by Seatrack-Web and potential polluters are identified combining Seatrack Web and the Automatic Identification System (AIS). The monitoring of suspended particulate matter during harbor dredging is based on MODIS and MERIS (MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) data. The laboratory analyses of water samples are used for the calibration and validation of satellite products. The in situ measurements of vertical profiles of absorption and attenuation coefficients are used to determine the profiles of particle origin, concentration and size distribution. Operational ice extent monitoring using SAR data is rather widespread. Optical remote sensing imagery from MODIS and MERIS sensors complement SAR imagery. Ice concentration maps are produced using the histogram analysis of MODIS 250 m reflectance data. This data is used for model evaluation with the purpose to get reliable ice forecast from the HIROMMB-EST model. Spectral optical remote sensing data from MERIS helps to identify different ice types. The determination of high spatial resolution marine and coastal wind from the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) is quite a novel application in the Estonian waters. Wind field data can be retrieved from ASAR C-band data and model results using CMOD algorithm.
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Pub Date : 2010-08-01DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621623
V. Paka, V. Zhurbas
A new tool is developed to provide deep ocean microstructure measurements in combination with standard CTD profiling/water sampling with only a minor increase in deployment time. A microstructure probe is mounted on a standard Rosette system like a sampling bottle. The probe is carried down to a proper depth attached to the Rosette that is performing water sampling and CTD profiling. When the desired depth is reached, the probe is detached from the Rosette using the bottle firing system and begins microstructure measurements in free-falling mode. During its free fall, the probe remains linked with the Rosette by a serviceable thin flexible cord to provide fast recovery. The cord does not disturb the free falling owing to free running from the probe. Turbulent velocity fluctuations are measured by an airfoil sensor. Such regime of microstructure measurements was realized in a cruise of R/V «Maria S. Merian», May-June 2009, performed under the EU 7th Framework Programme Priority Project «Thermohaline Overturning — at Risk?» (THOR). The microstructure measurements were done in the course of CTD surveying of the Danish Strait overflow. Bottom intrusion of cold/dense overflow water propagating downhill from the Danish Strait Sill was found to be characterized by a high level of turbulent velocity fluctuations while in the above lying layers the turbulence was suppressed.
开发了一种新工具，可以结合标准CTD剖面/水样进行深海微观结构测量，仅增加了部署时间。显微结构探头安装在标准的玫瑰花系统上，就像采样瓶一样。探针被带到适当的深度，连接到进行水采样和CTD分析的Rosette上。当达到所需的深度时，使用瓶烧制系统将探头与Rosette分离，并开始以自由落体模式进行微观结构测量。在自由落体过程中，探针通过一根可使用的细软绳与“玫瑰”相连，以提供快速恢复。由于探针的自由运行，导线不影响自由落体。紊流速度波动由翼型传感器测量。2009年5月至6月，在欧盟第7框架计划优先项目“温盐翻转-有风险?”下，“Maria S. Merian”号邮轮进行了一次巡航，实现了这种微观结构测量。»(雷神)。在对丹麦海峡溢流进行CTD测量的过程中，进行了微结构测量。研究发现，从丹麦海峡基底向下传播的冷/稠密溢流的底侵具有高湍流速度波动的特征，而在上面的层中湍流被抑制。
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