Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304472
V. Naples, M. Haji-Sheikh
This paper outlines a concept in which advanced data and sensor techniques can be applied to removing rock overburden from jacketed paleontological samples. These samples often are brought back to museums only to sit on shelves. We will combine CT scanning, x-ray fluorescent spectroscopy, and laser surface mapping to determine the location of the specimen within the sample along with various automated removal methods to separate the bone from matrix.
{"title":"Advanced paleontological extraction system using data fusion informed overburden removal","authors":"V. Naples, M. Haji-Sheikh","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304472","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines a concept in which advanced data and sensor techniques can be applied to removing rock overburden from jacketed paleontological samples. These samples often are brought back to museums only to sit on shelves. We will combine CT scanning, x-ray fluorescent spectroscopy, and laser surface mapping to determine the location of the specimen within the sample along with various automated removal methods to separate the bone from matrix.","PeriodicalId":289209,"journal":{"name":"2017 Eleventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126112532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roads and highways built on soft clay subgrade are more prone to subsidence and induced instability. Therefore, monitoring long term surface deformation near the highways over soft clay subgrade is crucial for understanding the dynamics of the settlement process and prevent potential hazards. The precision of deformation estimation using time series radar interferometry (InSAR) techniques is restrained by the temporal deformation model. In this study, a comparison of four widely used time series deformation models in InSAR, namely Linear Velocity Model (LVM), Permanent Velocity Model (PVM), Seasonal Model (SM) and Cubic Polynomial Model (CPM), was conducted in order to understand and assess long term deformation process after constructing road embankment. To assess and validate these four selected models, both simulation and real deformation data over Lungui highway (a typical highway built on soft clay subgrade in Guangdong province, China) have been investigated using Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technique with TerraSAR-X satellite imagery. The scenario using the simulated data showed all four models achieved satisfactory results when using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) algorithm to estimate different deformation coefficients. However, LVM showed the least accuracy among the four models. This suggested LVM has higher estimation error due to its higher number of unknowns in the model. While in real data experiment, three precision indices were used to measure the residual phase, mean temporal coherence, and the root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of high-pass deformation, respectively. The results showed LVM and SM had better performance. In conclusion, SM is more suitable for the surface subsidence modeling and monitoring for highways built on soft clay subgrade in this case study.
{"title":"A comparison of time series deformation models based on Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar for soft clay subgrade settlement","authors":"Xuemin Xing, Hsing-Chung Chang, Lifu Chen, Zhihui Yuan","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304497","url":null,"abstract":"Roads and highways built on soft clay subgrade are more prone to subsidence and induced instability. Therefore, monitoring long term surface deformation near the highways over soft clay subgrade is crucial for understanding the dynamics of the settlement process and prevent potential hazards. The precision of deformation estimation using time series radar interferometry (InSAR) techniques is restrained by the temporal deformation model. In this study, a comparison of four widely used time series deformation models in InSAR, namely Linear Velocity Model (LVM), Permanent Velocity Model (PVM), Seasonal Model (SM) and Cubic Polynomial Model (CPM), was conducted in order to understand and assess long term deformation process after constructing road embankment. To assess and validate these four selected models, both simulation and real deformation data over Lungui highway (a typical highway built on soft clay subgrade in Guangdong province, China) have been investigated using Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technique with TerraSAR-X satellite imagery. The scenario using the simulated data showed all four models achieved satisfactory results when using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) algorithm to estimate different deformation coefficients. However, LVM showed the least accuracy among the four models. This suggested LVM has higher estimation error due to its higher number of unknowns in the model. While in real data experiment, three precision indices were used to measure the residual phase, mean temporal coherence, and the root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of high-pass deformation, respectively. The results showed LVM and SM had better performance. In conclusion, SM is more suitable for the surface subsidence modeling and monitoring for highways built on soft clay subgrade in this case study.","PeriodicalId":289209,"journal":{"name":"2017 Eleventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126482721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304517
A. Lay-Ekuakille, G. Griffo, Joël Kidiamboko Kitoko, R. Velázquez, J. Garcia
Structural health monitoring is part of a broad topic involving diverse engineering disciplines. Thanks to advances in ICT (information communication technology), in particular, in sensors; nowadays, it is possible to monitor the structural health of diverse infrastructures, and civil constructions. However, in many cases, the efficiency of sensing systems is not pointed out because experts always focus on primary results but not on the accuracy especially for structures located in non-seismic areas. The paper presents analytical description of necessary indicators for expressing uncertainty and accuracy in detecting cracks on water pipelines that cause leakage. The technique we employ here, to process data from magnetic sensors mounted on the pipe, is based on FDM (filter diagonalization technique), capable of yielding promising results in detecting leaks during water flow by processing electrical signals from the aforementioned sensors.
{"title":"Assessment indicators for expressing accuracy in sensing infrastructure health: Case study of leakage in water pipelines","authors":"A. Lay-Ekuakille, G. Griffo, Joël Kidiamboko Kitoko, R. Velázquez, J. Garcia","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304517","url":null,"abstract":"Structural health monitoring is part of a broad topic involving diverse engineering disciplines. Thanks to advances in ICT (information communication technology), in particular, in sensors; nowadays, it is possible to monitor the structural health of diverse infrastructures, and civil constructions. However, in many cases, the efficiency of sensing systems is not pointed out because experts always focus on primary results but not on the accuracy especially for structures located in non-seismic areas. The paper presents analytical description of necessary indicators for expressing uncertainty and accuracy in detecting cracks on water pipelines that cause leakage. The technique we employ here, to process data from magnetic sensors mounted on the pipe, is based on FDM (filter diagonalization technique), capable of yielding promising results in detecting leaks during water flow by processing electrical signals from the aforementioned sensors.","PeriodicalId":289209,"journal":{"name":"2017 Eleventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127245473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304484
Umar Yahya, S. M. N. Arosha Senanayake, A. G. Naim
Use of wearable wireless sensors (WWS) for classification of healthy female netball players is presented in this study. WWS comprised of wireless surface electromyography (EMG) sensors and 3Dimensional (3D) marker-based motion capture system for acquisition of lower extremity (LE) EMG data and 3DKinematics data respectively. Using WWS data obtained during ball interception (BI) task, subjects are classified based on their similarity-dissimilarity measure through hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). By investigating existence of homogeneous subgroups (clusters) in LE features extracted, this work aimed to establish for the first time whether netball players exhibit identifiable and distinguishable EMG-3D Kinematic patterns during multiple trials of BI. BI is a key goal-oriented, often spontaneous, and multi-directional jump-landing task frequently performed by every player in a netball game. Thirteen professional subjects were recruited for this study with each asked to perform BI task in six trials in a semi-controlled game-play environment. EMG activity of eight LE muscles and 3D kinematics of the knee and ankle joints were recorded from each subject bilaterally during each BI trial. A total of sixty features (48 EMG and 12 3D-Kinematics) were extracted from the recorded raw data for analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied for dimensionality reduction of the total feature dataset, retaining only principal components that collectively explained more than 90% data variability. HCA was then used in clustering of the reduced datasets. Through inspection of the resulting dendrograms along with cophenetic correlation coefficients, 3 different clusters were confirmed. Based on HCA cluster-solutions, subjects were classified into three different classes (Class-1, Class-2, and Class-3) corresponding with respective clusters. Classification showed that majority (8 of the 13) subjects exhibited and maintained an identifiable LE biomechanical pattern 100% of the time (i.e for all six BI trials), while the remaining 5 subjects exhibited the same more than 66% of the time. Kruskal Walli's test showed that subgroups differed significantly (p<0.05) in their ranges of motion of the knee and ankle joints in sagittal and transverse planes, bilaterally. The integration of wearable wireless EMG sensors with motion capture system utilized in this research demonstrates that quantification of athletes' BI profiles based on their LE neuromuscular and 3D kinematics loadings is plausible. This allows trainers to make informed judgment on performance enhancement and injury prevention measures for BI task, both for individual athletes as well as for similar-groups as identified through HCA.
{"title":"Cluster analysis-based classification of healthy female netball players using wearable sensors","authors":"Umar Yahya, S. M. N. Arosha Senanayake, A. G. Naim","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304484","url":null,"abstract":"Use of wearable wireless sensors (WWS) for classification of healthy female netball players is presented in this study. WWS comprised of wireless surface electromyography (EMG) sensors and 3Dimensional (3D) marker-based motion capture system for acquisition of lower extremity (LE) EMG data and 3DKinematics data respectively. Using WWS data obtained during ball interception (BI) task, subjects are classified based on their similarity-dissimilarity measure through hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). By investigating existence of homogeneous subgroups (clusters) in LE features extracted, this work aimed to establish for the first time whether netball players exhibit identifiable and distinguishable EMG-3D Kinematic patterns during multiple trials of BI. BI is a key goal-oriented, often spontaneous, and multi-directional jump-landing task frequently performed by every player in a netball game. Thirteen professional subjects were recruited for this study with each asked to perform BI task in six trials in a semi-controlled game-play environment. EMG activity of eight LE muscles and 3D kinematics of the knee and ankle joints were recorded from each subject bilaterally during each BI trial. A total of sixty features (48 EMG and 12 3D-Kinematics) were extracted from the recorded raw data for analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied for dimensionality reduction of the total feature dataset, retaining only principal components that collectively explained more than 90% data variability. HCA was then used in clustering of the reduced datasets. Through inspection of the resulting dendrograms along with cophenetic correlation coefficients, 3 different clusters were confirmed. Based on HCA cluster-solutions, subjects were classified into three different classes (Class-1, Class-2, and Class-3) corresponding with respective clusters. Classification showed that majority (8 of the 13) subjects exhibited and maintained an identifiable LE biomechanical pattern 100% of the time (i.e for all six BI trials), while the remaining 5 subjects exhibited the same more than 66% of the time. Kruskal Walli's test showed that subgroups differed significantly (p<0.05) in their ranges of motion of the knee and ankle joints in sagittal and transverse planes, bilaterally. The integration of wearable wireless EMG sensors with motion capture system utilized in this research demonstrates that quantification of athletes' BI profiles based on their LE neuromuscular and 3D kinematics loadings is plausible. This allows trainers to make informed judgment on performance enhancement and injury prevention measures for BI task, both for individual athletes as well as for similar-groups as identified through HCA.","PeriodicalId":289209,"journal":{"name":"2017 Eleventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133794974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304457
H. Ngo, P. Mackowiak, Niels Grabbert, T. Weiland, Xiaodong Hu, M. Schneider-Ramelow, O. Ehrmann, K. Lang
Piezoresistive mechanical sensors play a very important role in modern industries. MEMS pressure sensor market is one of the biggest markets among all MEMS components [1]. Global pressure sensor market is growing from $6.4 billion in 2012 to $8.8 billion in 2018. The main applications are automotive, medical, consumer electronics, industry and aerospace/defense. Today, there is a growing demand for cost effective high-temperature and harsh-environment semiconductor devices, capable of operating at temperatures in the 500°C range. Developments in aircraft and space applications, automotive electronics, the oil and gas industry, the plastic and chemical industry, and the military sector are among the main drivers for research on high-temperature sensors and electronics. Existing semiconductor devices based on silicon are limited to operating temperatures below 150°C, as thermal generation of charge carriers severely degrades device operation at higher temperatures. The development of SOI (silicon on insulator) technology helped to extend device operating temperatures to approximately 400°C. However, at temperatures over 400°C, the material silicon reaches its physical limits as plastic deformation starts to occur when mechanical stress is applied. Silicon carbide is considered to be the most promising semiconductor for future high-temperature and harsh-environment applications as it features a unique combination of favorable physical, electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. It is an extremely hard and robust material with a high thermal stability, and is chemically inert up to temperatures of several hundred degrees. Moreover, it has a higher thermal conductivity than copper, and its wide energy bandgap allows operation at high temperatures and in high radiation environments without suffering from intrinsic conduction effects. Performance and reliability of metal-semiconductor contacts, conducting paths and the capability of etching 3D mechanical structures in SiC (such membrane or bridge) remain limiting factors for high-temperature operation of SiC electronic mechanical sensors today.
{"title":"The roadmap for development of piezoresistive micro mechanical sensors for harsh environment applications","authors":"H. Ngo, P. Mackowiak, Niels Grabbert, T. Weiland, Xiaodong Hu, M. Schneider-Ramelow, O. Ehrmann, K. Lang","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304457","url":null,"abstract":"Piezoresistive mechanical sensors play a very important role in modern industries. MEMS pressure sensor market is one of the biggest markets among all MEMS components [1]. Global pressure sensor market is growing from $6.4 billion in 2012 to $8.8 billion in 2018. The main applications are automotive, medical, consumer electronics, industry and aerospace/defense. Today, there is a growing demand for cost effective high-temperature and harsh-environment semiconductor devices, capable of operating at temperatures in the 500°C range. Developments in aircraft and space applications, automotive electronics, the oil and gas industry, the plastic and chemical industry, and the military sector are among the main drivers for research on high-temperature sensors and electronics. Existing semiconductor devices based on silicon are limited to operating temperatures below 150°C, as thermal generation of charge carriers severely degrades device operation at higher temperatures. The development of SOI (silicon on insulator) technology helped to extend device operating temperatures to approximately 400°C. However, at temperatures over 400°C, the material silicon reaches its physical limits as plastic deformation starts to occur when mechanical stress is applied. Silicon carbide is considered to be the most promising semiconductor for future high-temperature and harsh-environment applications as it features a unique combination of favorable physical, electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. It is an extremely hard and robust material with a high thermal stability, and is chemically inert up to temperatures of several hundred degrees. Moreover, it has a higher thermal conductivity than copper, and its wide energy bandgap allows operation at high temperatures and in high radiation environments without suffering from intrinsic conduction effects. Performance and reliability of metal-semiconductor contacts, conducting paths and the capability of etching 3D mechanical structures in SiC (such membrane or bridge) remain limiting factors for high-temperature operation of SiC electronic mechanical sensors today.","PeriodicalId":289209,"journal":{"name":"2017 Eleventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132554683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304480
Muhsiul Hassan, N. Karmakar
Different power distribution methods of array antenna beamforming are analyzed. In this study, uniform half-wavelength inter-element spacing is considered to avoid grating lobe. Excitations to individual elements include Gaussian, Taylor's, Chebyshev's and Staircase Power Distribution (SPD). Design requirements include beam efficiency (BE), maximum sidelobe level (MSLL) and 3 dB beamwidth. A comparative study of these methods is carried out to full-fill the design goal.
{"title":"Comparative study of different power distribution methods for array antenna beamforming for soil moisture radiometer","authors":"Muhsiul Hassan, N. Karmakar","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304480","url":null,"abstract":"Different power distribution methods of array antenna beamforming are analyzed. In this study, uniform half-wavelength inter-element spacing is considered to avoid grating lobe. Excitations to individual elements include Gaussian, Taylor's, Chebyshev's and Staircase Power Distribution (SPD). Design requirements include beam efficiency (BE), maximum sidelobe level (MSLL) and 3 dB beamwidth. A comparative study of these methods is carried out to full-fill the design goal.","PeriodicalId":289209,"journal":{"name":"2017 Eleventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115566486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304464
A. Perera, Hemendra Ghimire, K. Perera, É. Viennois, D. Merlin
Rapid and reliable detection of inflammatory bowel diseases is essential to avoid life-threatening intestinal complications. The conventional pathological methods (colonoscopy/ileoscopy and small bowel follow-through) are invasive and time-consuming. A non-invasive and cost-effective diagnostic regime using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of serum samples would allow the possibility of early diagnosis of disease and for treatment planning. This study presents the spectroscopic analysis of serum sample using mouse models of both (i) Chronic (IL10-/-, genetically induced by Interleukin 10 knockouts) and (ii) Acute (DSS, Dextran Sodium Sulfate chemically induced) colitis. The Arthritis (Collagen Antibody Induced Arthritis) and metabolic syndrome (Toll-like receptor 5 knockouts) models are employed as controls. The identified markers of colitis such as increased presence of mannose accompanied by an alteration in protein secondary structures uniquely screen disease level and distinguish the colitis from the non-colitis samples and the controls. Promoted by these findings of the colitis mouse model we sought to investigate the capability of the technique for the early screening of the human ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
{"title":"Colitis screening using IR spectroscopy of serum samples","authors":"A. Perera, Hemendra Ghimire, K. Perera, É. Viennois, D. Merlin","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304464","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid and reliable detection of inflammatory bowel diseases is essential to avoid life-threatening intestinal complications. The conventional pathological methods (colonoscopy/ileoscopy and small bowel follow-through) are invasive and time-consuming. A non-invasive and cost-effective diagnostic regime using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of serum samples would allow the possibility of early diagnosis of disease and for treatment planning. This study presents the spectroscopic analysis of serum sample using mouse models of both (i) Chronic (IL10-/-, genetically induced by Interleukin 10 knockouts) and (ii) Acute (DSS, Dextran Sodium Sulfate chemically induced) colitis. The Arthritis (Collagen Antibody Induced Arthritis) and metabolic syndrome (Toll-like receptor 5 knockouts) models are employed as controls. The identified markers of colitis such as increased presence of mannose accompanied by an alteration in protein secondary structures uniquely screen disease level and distinguish the colitis from the non-colitis samples and the controls. Promoted by these findings of the colitis mouse model we sought to investigate the capability of the technique for the early screening of the human ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.","PeriodicalId":289209,"journal":{"name":"2017 Eleventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121415428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304427
A. Mitra, J. Bredow, A. Nag
The literature segment of this paper delves into the enhanced mathematical model that is used to calculate the total electric and magnetic field for light ray's incident at oblique angles varying from 1–89 degrees for s and p polarizations in sensor structure followed by the calculation of fractional reflected and absorbed power. A brief description of the sensor structure followed by validation of the mathematical model and a tabular summarization of the maximum power reflected and absorbed at respective angles of incidences for the wavelength range of 5–14 μm is done. The novelty of this research will help in fabrication of microbolometers at oblique angles to optimize the absorbed power.
{"title":"Mathematical modelling of microbolometers at oblique incidence","authors":"A. Mitra, J. Bredow, A. Nag","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304427","url":null,"abstract":"The literature segment of this paper delves into the enhanced mathematical model that is used to calculate the total electric and magnetic field for light ray's incident at oblique angles varying from 1–89 degrees for s and p polarizations in sensor structure followed by the calculation of fractional reflected and absorbed power. A brief description of the sensor structure followed by validation of the mathematical model and a tabular summarization of the maximum power reflected and absorbed at respective angles of incidences for the wavelength range of 5–14 μm is done. The novelty of this research will help in fabrication of microbolometers at oblique angles to optimize the absorbed power.","PeriodicalId":289209,"journal":{"name":"2017 Eleventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122661434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304433
N. Schwesinger, C. Karuthedath
Sensors described in this paper are able to transform parameters like acceleration or tilt, but even so magnetic field strength into electrical signals. They offer a unique PUF (Physical Unclonable Function) characteristic and allow definitely no duplication. The heart of each of these sensors is a variable capacitance. The whole sensor, built on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), has an InterDigitated Electrode (IDE) structure and a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-membrane filled with conductive steel balls. The distance between the membrane and the board is about 500 μm. External mechanical or magnetically forces can excite the membrane to move. Due to that, the capacitance changes, delivering certain Voltage signals. Since steel balls are randomly distributed, each sensor shows a unique behavior. Possible offset problems solves a differential capacitance arrangement. Therefore, a second IDE-structure is located above the membrane with a distance of about 500 μm. Output-Voltages of this double side capacity arrangement show only the position of the membrane in relation to both IDE's. Sensors having this structure and different steel ball distributions are simulated using the finite element analysis software “COMSOL“-Multiphysics. Each sensor shows a different output signal at equal excitations. Moreover, experimental investigations show different measured values for different sensors for similar external excitation forces. This unique reaction on changes of excitation is a dynamic behavior, which stands out clearly against known and most static PUF-solutions. It makes the sensors attractive as hardware elements for security solutions. Identity cards, pay-cards or credit cards equipped with one of these sensors will become an unclonable uniqueness. Compared with other security systems, this PUF-sensor shows a great simplicity in design and data collection, a dynamic data acquisition, which completely prevents unauthorized use and it does not require no electrical energy sources.
{"title":"An inertia based sensor with dynamic PUF","authors":"N. Schwesinger, C. Karuthedath","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304433","url":null,"abstract":"Sensors described in this paper are able to transform parameters like acceleration or tilt, but even so magnetic field strength into electrical signals. They offer a unique PUF (Physical Unclonable Function) characteristic and allow definitely no duplication. The heart of each of these sensors is a variable capacitance. The whole sensor, built on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), has an InterDigitated Electrode (IDE) structure and a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-membrane filled with conductive steel balls. The distance between the membrane and the board is about 500 μm. External mechanical or magnetically forces can excite the membrane to move. Due to that, the capacitance changes, delivering certain Voltage signals. Since steel balls are randomly distributed, each sensor shows a unique behavior. Possible offset problems solves a differential capacitance arrangement. Therefore, a second IDE-structure is located above the membrane with a distance of about 500 μm. Output-Voltages of this double side capacity arrangement show only the position of the membrane in relation to both IDE's. Sensors having this structure and different steel ball distributions are simulated using the finite element analysis software “COMSOL“-Multiphysics. Each sensor shows a different output signal at equal excitations. Moreover, experimental investigations show different measured values for different sensors for similar external excitation forces. This unique reaction on changes of excitation is a dynamic behavior, which stands out clearly against known and most static PUF-solutions. It makes the sensors attractive as hardware elements for security solutions. Identity cards, pay-cards or credit cards equipped with one of these sensors will become an unclonable uniqueness. Compared with other security systems, this PUF-sensor shows a great simplicity in design and data collection, a dynamic data acquisition, which completely prevents unauthorized use and it does not require no electrical energy sources.","PeriodicalId":289209,"journal":{"name":"2017 Eleventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124402871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304511
Laith Farhan, Ali Alissa, Sinan T. Shukur, Mohammad Hammoudeh, R. Kharel
Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming more and more pervasive in everyday life and connecting an array of diverse physical objects. It is fast growing and receiving a tremendous amount of research focus. Billions of objects communicate each other with or without human intervention to achieve smart applications. Most of the connected devices are constrained nodes to its ecosystem which have limited memories, CPU capabilities and power sources. Therefore, for implementing autonomous smart systems, efficient energy consumption is imperative. This paper introduces a novel scheduling algorithm called Long Hop (LH) first to optimize energy usage on a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) that enables IoT system. LH algorithm schedules high priority for packets coming with more hops and longer distances to be served first at the cluster head (CH) nodes of the WSN. Since these packets require more links and nodes (thus increased energy and bandwidth usage) to reach the ultimate destination if not prioritized, the proposed algorithm reduces the overall energy usage and minimizes the total number of packets re-transmission and the effective data transmission distances. This improves the overall system performance and elongates the network lifetime.
{"title":"An energy efficient long hop (LH) first scheduling algorithm for scalable Internet of Things (IoT) networks","authors":"Laith Farhan, Ali Alissa, Sinan T. Shukur, Mohammad Hammoudeh, R. Kharel","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2017.8304511","url":null,"abstract":"Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming more and more pervasive in everyday life and connecting an array of diverse physical objects. It is fast growing and receiving a tremendous amount of research focus. Billions of objects communicate each other with or without human intervention to achieve smart applications. Most of the connected devices are constrained nodes to its ecosystem which have limited memories, CPU capabilities and power sources. Therefore, for implementing autonomous smart systems, efficient energy consumption is imperative. This paper introduces a novel scheduling algorithm called Long Hop (LH) first to optimize energy usage on a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) that enables IoT system. LH algorithm schedules high priority for packets coming with more hops and longer distances to be served first at the cluster head (CH) nodes of the WSN. Since these packets require more links and nodes (thus increased energy and bandwidth usage) to reach the ultimate destination if not prioritized, the proposed algorithm reduces the overall energy usage and minimizes the total number of packets re-transmission and the effective data transmission distances. This improves the overall system performance and elongates the network lifetime.","PeriodicalId":289209,"journal":{"name":"2017 Eleventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126786499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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