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INFLUENCE OF SULFUR-CONTAINING FERTILIZERS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF OIL IN WINTER AND SPRING RAPESEED WHEN CULTIVATED ON SOD-PODZOLIC LOAMY SAND SOIL 含硫肥料对草灰壤土冬春油菜生产力及油质脂肪酸组成的影响
Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.47612/0130-8475-2022-1(68)-138-155
G. Pirogovskaya, V. Soroko, S. S. Khmelevskij
The paper contained the results of the data on the impact of various forms of sulfur-containing mineral fertilizers on productivity of winter and spring rapeseed and fatty acid composition of oil. It has been etstablished that sulfur-containing fertilizers application resulted in the increase of oil yield and improvement of production quality (fatty acid composition).
本文介绍了不同形式的含硫矿肥对冬春菜籽产量及油类脂肪酸组成影响的数据分析结果。结果表明,施用含硫肥料可提高油料产量,改善产品品质(脂肪酸组成)。
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引用次数: 0
PROCESSES OF CHEMICAL WEATHERING OF NEW TYPES OF AGROMELIORANTS 新型农药化学风化过程研究
Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.47612/0130-8475-2022-1(68)-212-218
V. Bosak, T. U. Sachyuka
In studies in a model experiment, it was found that in the process of weathering saponite-containing basaltic tuffs, mainly cations K, Ca and Mg are washed out and some alkalinization of the solution occurs. In the process of weathering of glauconite, both alkaline and alkaline earth cations K, Ca and Mg, and acid cations Al and Fe actively pass into the solution, which leads to acidification of the solution. Differences in the weathering processes of saponite-containing basalt tuffs and glauconite should be taken into account when they are used as agromeliorants in biocenoses.
在模型实验研究中发现,含皂石的玄武岩凝灰岩在风化过程中,主要发生阳离子K、Ca、Mg的冲刷,溶液发生一定程度的碱化。海绿石在风化过程中,碱性和碱性土阳离子K、Ca、Mg以及酸性阳离子Al、Fe都积极进入溶液,导致溶液酸化。含皂石的玄武岩凝灰岩和海绿石的风化过程存在差异,在生物群落中用作农药时应加以考虑。
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引用次数: 0
FEATURES OF TERRITORIAL LOCATION AND YIELD DYNAMICS OF MILLET FOR GRAIN IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS 白俄罗斯共和国粮食用谷子的地域特征及产量动态
Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.47612/0130-8475-2022-2(69)-7-16
O. V. Matychenkova, T. N. Azarenok, D. V. Matychenkov, S. V. Dydyshko, S. V. Shylgina
The article establishes the territorial features of the placement of millet crops (for grain) in the regions of the republic on the basis of an analysis of the sown areas of millet. The statistical data on the dynamics of millet grain yield for the period 2019–2021 were analyzed. On the basis of regression analysis, the influence of agrometeorological conditions on the yield of millet grain has been established. For the first time, the coefficient of stability of harvest production by regions of the republic was calculated, which made it possible to establish that the Vitebsk region is included in the zone of extremely unstable harvesting, two regions (Minsk and Mogilev) belong to the zone of unstable production, and the rest – to the zone of permissible sustainability of crop production (for grain). The research results presented in this article are of great importance for the scientifically based formation of sown areas of drought-resistant crops, taking into account the assessment of agro-climatic data.
本文在对谷子播种面积进行分析的基础上,确立了共和国各地谷子(粮食)种植的地域特征。对2019-2021年谷子产量动态统计数据进行了分析。在回归分析的基础上,建立了农业气象条件对谷子产量的影响。首次计算了共和国各地区的收成生产稳定系数,这使得有可能确定维捷布斯克地区属于收成极不稳定的地区,两个地区(明斯克和莫吉列夫)属于生产不稳定的地区,其余地区属于允许的作物生产可持续性区域(粮食)。本文的研究成果对综合考虑农业气候资料评估的抗旱作物播种面积的科学划分具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
SCREENING THE CAPABILITY OF NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA TO METABOLISE HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE AS A SOURSE OF PHOSPHORUS 筛选固氮细菌代谢草甘膦作为磷源的能力
Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.47612/0130-8475-2022-2(69)-110-120
N. A. Мikhailouskaya, T. B. Barashenko, T. V. Pogirnitskaya, S. V. Dyusova
Screening of rhizosphere bacteria Azospirillum sp. and Rhizobium sp. by cultivation in modified liquid mineral media Dvorkin and Foster with increasing concentrations of glyphosate as a sole P-source resulted in the determination of perspective target objects, which are capable of herbicide glyphosate metabolization.
在增加草甘膦浓度作为唯一磷源的改良液体矿物培养基Dvorkin和Foster中培养根际细菌Azospirillum sp.和Rhizobium sp.,从而确定能够代谢除草剂草甘膦的远景靶点。
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引用次数: 0
TORCHILO M. M. THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZER SYSTEMS ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY INDICATORS OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN ON SOD-PODZOLIC SANDY LOAM SOIL Torchilo m. m.施肥制度对灰化沙壤土冬小麦产量及品质指标的影响
Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.47612/0130-8475-2022-2(69)-57-70
T. M. Seraya, S. Kas’yanchik, E. Bogatyreva, T. M. Kirdun, T. V. Machok, Yu. A. Simankova, M. M. Torchilo
In a field technological experiment on sod-podzolic sandy loamy soil, the agro-economic efficiency of various winter wheat fertilization systems was studied, depending on the method of basic tillage. The incorporation of straw without a compensating dose of nitrogen, both during traditional and surface tillage, did not adversely affect the uniformity of seedlings and the development of winter wheat plants on soddy-podzolic sandy loamy soil. On sod-podzolic soils in field experiments, on average for 3 years, due to the effective fertility of medium-cultivated sandy loam soil, 40,9 centners/ha of winter wheat grain was obtained, the most optimal on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in the plowing block was a fertilizer system, including the application of N70+40+40P55K45 against the background of straw, which ensured the formation of a winter wheat grain yield of 68,6 centners/ha, with surface tillage of the soil, a fertilizer system that includes the application of N70+40+40P65K115 against the background of straw treated with the microbial preparation Zhytsen in a dose of 3 l/ha ensured the formation of a winter wheat grain yield of 733 centners/ha. Grain quality indicators are determined.
在草灰砂质壤土上进行了田间技术试验,研究了不同基本耕作方式下不同冬小麦施肥制度的农业经济效益。在盐碱化砂质壤土上,传统耕作和地表耕作中不补施氮肥的秸秆对冬小麦幼苗均匀性和植株发育均无不利影响。在大田试验中,平均3年,由于中耕砂壤土的有效肥力,冬小麦籽粒可达40,9粒/ha,耕块中草浆砂壤土的最佳施肥系统为秸秆背景下施用N70+40+40P55K45,确保形成66,6粒/ha的冬小麦籽粒产量,土壤表层耕作;采用N70+40+40P65K115与微生物制剂Zhytsen处理的秸秆为背景,以3 l/ha的剂量施用的施肥体系确保了冬小麦产量达到733粒/ha。确定了粮食品质指标。
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引用次数: 0
SILICON CONTENT IN ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION, SOILS AND SOIL SOLUTIONS, LOSS DURING LEACHING AND CONSUMPTION BY CROPS OF THE CROP ROTATION LINK CULTIVATED ON SOD-PODZOLIC LIGHT LOAMY AND LOOSE SANDY SOILS OF THE REPUBLIC BELARUS 大气降水、土壤和土壤溶液中的硅含量、淋溶过程中的损失以及在白俄罗斯共和国的草灰化轻壤土和松散沙质土壤上种植的作物轮作环节的消耗
Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.47612/0130-8475-2022-2(69)-84-96
G. Pirogovskaya, I. E. Ermolovich, V. V. Machenkov, S. S. Khmelevsky, A. S. Maksimchuk, V. Soroko
The article presents the results of research for 2020–2021. according to the intake of silicon compounds with atmospheric precipitation, the accumulation of mobile (potential, actual and active) silicon compounds in soddy-podzolic light loamy and loose sandy soils, with which lysimeters are filled, monosilicon compounds in soil solutions, data on the yield and accumulation of silicon of the first and the second crops of the crop rotation link (potatoes, corn), depending on the forms of fertilizers used.
本文介绍了2020-2021年的研究结果。根据大气降水对硅化合物的摄入,溶解仪填充的钠灰化土轻壤土和松散沙土中流动(潜在的、实际的和活性的)硅化合物的积累,土壤溶液中的单硅化合物,作物轮作环节的第一和第二作物(土豆、玉米)的产量和硅积累的数据,取决于所使用的肥料的形式。
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引用次数: 0
TRANSFORMATION OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOILS OF SLOPE AGRICULTURAL LANDS OF THE MINSK HILLS 明斯克丘陵坡耕地的灰化土转化
Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.47612/0130-8475-2022-2(69)-17-29
V. Tsyrybka, I. A. Lаhachou, M. M. Tsybulka, H. Ustsinava, A. Y. Yarotau
The article analyzes the change in soils of sloping lands. Under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, the soil profile is simplified: the eluvial horizon on non-eroded soil and the illuvial-humus horizon on strongly eroded soil disappear, and washed-out horizons form at the foot of the slope. The structural condition and erosion resistance deteriorate, especially on soils subject to intensive agricultural use.
本文对坡地土壤的变化进行了分析。在自然和人为因素的影响下,土壤剖面简化,未侵蚀土壤的淋积层和强侵蚀土壤的景观-腐殖质层消失,坡脚形成冲蚀层。结构状况和抗侵蚀能力恶化,特别是在农业集约利用的土壤上。
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引用次数: 0
THE INFLUENCE OF EROSION PROCESSES ON THE CHANGE IN THE PARAMETERS OF THE MAIN AGROCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF SOIL FERTILITY ON SLOPING AGRICULTURAL LANDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS 侵蚀过程对白俄罗斯共和国坡耕地土壤肥力主要农化指标参数变化的影响
Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.47612/0130-8475-2022-2(69)-30-36
I. A. Lahachou, A. V. Yukhnavets, S. Kas’yanchik, S. D. Varanovich
The article presents the results of studies of changes in the main indicators of fertility of sod-podzolic soils of slope lands under the influence of erosion processes. Determined the ranges of their reduction depending on the degree of erosion, constituting up to 20–30 % on weakly eroded soils, up to 30–40 % on moderately eroded soils, and up to 40 % and more percent on heavily eroded soils. The presence of trends in multidirectional changes in the content of humus, mobile phosphorus, mobile potassium and mineral nitrogen in the conditions of industrial crops on soils of various genesis and the degree of manifestation of erosion processes has been established.
本文介绍了侵蚀作用下坡地灰化土主要肥力指标变化的研究结果。根据侵蚀程度确定其减少的范围,在弱侵蚀土壤中可达20 - 30%,在中度侵蚀土壤中可达30 - 40%,在严重侵蚀土壤中可达40%以上。确立了不同成因土壤上经济作物条件下腐殖质、流动磷、流动钾和矿质氮含量多向变化的趋势和侵蚀过程的表现程度。
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引用次数: 0
TYPES OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND METHODS OF CALCULATING THEIR NEEDS TO ENSURE A DEFICIENCY-FREE BALANCE OF HUMUS IN ARABLE SOILS 有机肥的种类和计算其需求的方法,以确保可耕种土壤中腐殖质的无缺陷平衡
Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.47612/0130-8475-2022-2(69)-37-56
T. M. Seraya, E. Bogatyreva, T. M. Kirdun, N. Zhabrovskaya
Long-term comprehensive studies conducted by the staff of the Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry together with scientists from specialized organizations of the republic allowed to establish a high positive effect of organic fertilizers and the need for their use in scientifically based fertilizer systems. The authors of the article systematized the results on the chemical composition of various types of organic fertilizers obtained and used in agricultural production of the republic. This information is necessary for making effective management decisions on the selection and use of various types of organic fertilizers, modeling and forecasting crop yields in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus.
土壤科学和农业化学研究所的工作人员与共和国专门组织的科学家一起进行了长期全面的研究,确定了有机肥料的高度积极作用以及在科学基础的肥料系统中使用有机肥料的必要性。本文的作者对共和国农业生产中所获得和使用的各种有机肥的化学成分的结果进行了系统整理。这些资料对于就选择和使用各种有机肥作出有效的管理决定、模拟和预测白俄罗斯共和国条件下的作物产量是必要的。
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引用次数: 0
INFLUENCE OF NEW FORMS OF MACRO-, MICRO-FERTILIZERS AND GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH DYNAMICS, ACCUMULATION OF DRY MATTER, YIELD, CONTENT AND REMOVAL OF SPRING TRITICALE NUTRITION ELEMENTS 新形态宏、微肥和生长调节剂对春小黑麦生长动态、干物质积累、产量、营养元素含量和去除的影响
Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.47612/0130-8475-2022-2(69)-97-109
A. Kuleshova
The article presents the effect of complex fertilizers, micro fertilizers, growth regulators and complex micro fertilizers with growth regulators on growth dynamics, biomass accumulation, yield, content and removal of elements of spring triticale has been established. The use of a new complex fertilizer for spring cereals (NPK) grade 16-12-20 with 0,20 % Cu and 0,10 % Mn compared to the variant where carbamide, ammoniated superphosphate and potassium chloride were used in an equivalent dose (N60+30P60K90), increased the yield of triticale by 7,2 c/ha. The maximum yield of spring triticale grain (51,6 and 52,1 c/ha) was obtained in variants where a microtim was used MicroStim-Copper L and Nutrivant Plus against the background of N60+30+30P70K120
本文研究了复合肥、微肥、生长调节剂和复合微肥配生长调节剂对春小黑麦生长动态、生物量积累、产量、元素含量和去除的影响。与尿素、氨化过磷酸钾和氯化钾等量施用(N60+30P60K90)相比,在16-12-20级春粮(NPK)中使用0.20% Cu和0.10% Mn的新型复合肥料(NPK)可使小黑麦产量提高7.2 c/ha。在N60+30+30P70K120背景下,施用MicroStim-Copper L和Nutrivant Plus的小黑麦籽粒产量最高,分别为51,6和52,1 c/ hm2
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引用次数: 0
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Soil Science and Agrochemistry
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