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2009 Sixth International Conference on Wireless On-Demand Network Systems and Services最新文献

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Generative dynamic deployment of multiple components in wireless sensor networks 无线传感器网络中多组件的生成式动态部署
S. Suenaga, Nobukazu Yoshioka, S. Honiden
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consist of spatially distributed nodes that monitor physical conditions. In the past, most WSNs have been designed with a single specific application in mind. Recent developments however are expanding the applicability of WSNs and are increasing the demand for deploying multiple applications simultaneously. To host multiple applications in a single WSN, current solutions provide mechanisms for components to be dynamically deployed to nodes. However, two issues make the present form of dynamic deployment impractical for applications involving distributed collaboration and the redeployment of multiple distributed components. For one, existing works lack a suitable architecture for cooperation and interaction between components in WSNs. Another problematic aspect is the insufficiency of current methods in efficiently deploying multiple components throughout the network. To address these issues, we propose an architecture based on multiple components that have specific responsibilities in regard to deployment and a generative approach for dynamic deployment of such components.
无线传感器网络(WSN)由空间分布的节点组成,用于监测物理状态。在过去,大多数wsn都是为单一的特定应用而设计的。然而,最近的发展正在扩大wsn的适用性,并增加了同时部署多个应用程序的需求。为了在单个WSN中托管多个应用程序,当前的解决方案提供了将组件动态部署到节点的机制。然而,有两个问题使得当前形式的动态部署对于涉及分布式协作和多个分布式组件的重新部署的应用程序来说不切实际。一方面,现有的工作缺乏一个合适的架构来实现无线传感器网络中组件之间的协作和交互。另一个有问题的方面是目前的方法在整个网络中有效部署多个组件的不足。为了解决这些问题,我们提出了一种基于多个组件的体系结构,这些组件在部署方面具有特定的职责,并提出了一种用于动态部署这些组件的生成方法。
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引用次数: 1
gMAP: Efficient construction of global maps for mobility-assisted wireless sensor networks gMAP:高效构建移动辅助无线传感器网络的全球地图
Abdelmajid Khelil, F. Shaikh, Azad Ali, N. Suri
Wireless Sensor Networks are seeing increasing usage in several applications such as military, rescue and surveillance scenarios. Typical for such scenarios is that mobile nodes cooperate side-by-side with stationary sensor nodes to monitor the area of interest and to support the core network operations such as data transport. Global maps of the sensor field, such as temperature and residual energy maps, are of high interest for both users and network designers. However, the map construction can become very inefficient if it requires an extensive intervention of the resource-limited sensor nodes. In this work, we present gMAP, an extremely efficient mobility-assisted approach to construct global maps. In gMAP (a) sensor nodes do not need to process readings of other nodes and (b) require to communicate a minimal number of messages compared to all existing approaches. This is achieved by opportunistically exploiting node mobility to collect data of interest, keeping sensor nodes transmit only their own readings on-demand to a mobile node in their transmission area.
无线传感器网络在军事、救援和监视等领域的应用越来越广泛。此类场景的典型情况是,移动节点与固定传感器节点并肩合作,监视感兴趣的区域,并支持核心网络操作(如数据传输)。传感器领域的全局图,如温度和剩余能量图,是用户和网络设计者非常感兴趣的。然而,如果需要资源有限的传感器节点的大量干预,地图构建就会变得非常低效。在这项工作中,我们提出了gMAP,一种非常有效的移动辅助方法来构建全球地图。在gMAP中,(a)传感器节点不需要处理其他节点的读数,(b)与所有现有方法相比,需要通信的消息数量最少。这是通过机会性地利用节点的移动性来收集感兴趣的数据,保持传感器节点仅按需向其传输区域的移动节点传输自己的读数来实现的。
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引用次数: 19
Packet suppression protocol for a regional protection system using a wireless ad-hoc network 使用无线自组织网络的区域保护系统的包抑制协议
Y. Fuwa, H. Oda, Tomohiro Takeda, K. Fuwa, Masashi Miyagi, Masaaki Niimura, H. Kunimune, Eiki Motoyama
We are currently developing a Regional Protection System in which children have terminals, and transponders installed at various locations receive packets sent from these terminals via a Specified Low-Power Radio System. The packets are then transmitted to a server so the positions of the children can be inferred from that information. With the ARIB STD-T67 access protocol used in this system, collisions frequently occur at locations where there are many terminals. Therefore, the authors improved a protocol in which frequent collisions do not occur, even when as many as 150 terminals gather in the same place. However, it was impossible to prevent frequent collisions when many terminals are concentrated in one place, such as in a school. A new access protocol was developed in this research to deal with this problem. In this protocol, transmission by terminals is suppressed at specific locations, and then resumed after the terminal moves away from those locations. However, the position of a terminal must not be lost when its transmission is being restricted. In this presentation, we propose this new access protocol, and evaluate its effectiveness.
我们目前正在发展一个区域保护系统,在这个系统中,儿童有终端机,在不同地点安装的应答器通过指定低功率无线电系统接收从这些终端机发出的数据包。然后将数据包传输到服务器,这样就可以从该信息推断出孩子们的位置。由于该系统使用了ARIB STD-T67接入协议,因此在终端较多的位置经常发生碰撞。因此,作者改进了一种协议,即使多达150个终端聚集在同一个地方,也不会发生频繁的碰撞。然而,当许多终端集中在一个地方时,例如在学校,就不可能防止频繁的碰撞。为了解决这一问题,本研究开发了一种新的访问协议。在该协议中,终端的传输在特定位置被抑制,然后在终端离开这些位置后恢复。但是,当终端的传输受到限制时,终端的位置不得丢失。在本文中,我们提出了这种新的访问协议,并对其有效性进行了评估。
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引用次数: 2
Node presence detection with reduced overhead 减少开销的节点存在检测
Thi-Minh-Dung Tran, B. Scheuermann, M. Mauve
In this paper we propose a distributed algorithm to detect whether a given node is present or absent in an ad-hoc network. This information is valuable since many proposed protocols and applications for MANETs exhibit worst-case behavior when an intended communication partner is currently not present. Our distributed algorithm improves upon existing approaches to presence detection by significantly reducing the overhead that is required to decide whether a node is present: a reduction by 70−80% is well possible. We describe the proposed algorithm and assess its properties both analytically and through simulation.
在本文中,我们提出了一种分布式算法来检测给定节点是否存在于ad-hoc网络中。这些信息是有价值的,因为当预期的通信伙伴当前不存在时,许多拟议的manet协议和应用都会表现出最坏的行为。我们的分布式算法改进了现有的状态检测方法,显著降低了判断节点是否存在所需的开销:降低70 - 80%是很有可能的。我们描述了所提出的算法,并通过分析和仿真评估了其性能。
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引用次数: 3
TO-GO: TOpology-assist geo-opportunistic routing in urban vehicular grids TO-GO:城市车辆网格中的拓扑辅助地理机会路由
Kevin C. Lee, U. Lee, M. Gerla
Road topology information has recently been used to assist geo-routing, thereby improving the overall performance. However, the unreliable wireless channel nature in urban vehicular grids (due to motion, obstructions, etc) still creates problems with the basic greedy forwarding. In this paper, we propose TO-GO (TOpology-assisted Geo-Opportunistic Routing), a geo-routing protocol that exploits topology knowledge acquired via 2-hop beaconing to select the best target forwarder and incorporates opportunistic forwarding with the best chance to reach it. The forwarder selection takes into account of wireless channel quality, thus significantly improving performance in error and interference situations. Extensive simulations confirm TO-GO superior robustness to errors/losses as compared to conventional topology-assisted geographic routing.
道路拓扑信息最近被用于辅助地理路由,从而提高整体性能。然而,城市车辆网格中无线信道的不可靠特性(由于运动、障碍物等)仍然会给基本贪婪转发带来问题。在本文中,我们提出了to - go(拓扑辅助地理机会路由),这是一种地理路由协议,它利用通过2跳信标获得的拓扑知识来选择最佳目标转发器,并结合最佳机会到达它的机会转发。转发器的选择考虑了无线信道质量,从而显著提高了在错误和干扰情况下的性能。大量的仿真证实,与传统的拓扑辅助地理路由相比,to - go对错误/损失的鲁棒性更强。
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引用次数: 79
LDoS attack in ad-hoc network ad-hoc网络中的ddos攻击
Yanxiang He, Yiran Han, Q. Cao, Tao Liu, Libing Wu
LDoS (Low-rate Denial of Service) attack is periodic, stealthy, and with high efficiency, which has become a great threat to the network security. Previous researches about LDoS attack mainly focus on its impact on wired networks. However, our analysis shows that such attack could also be launched in Ad-hoc network, and as a completely distinct MAC layer protocol is adopted in this environment, the form and effect of the attack could be different and need re-evaluation. This paper presents a study of LDoS attack in Ad-hoc network: (1) We investigate the differences of attack form brought by the medium reservation mechanism and CSMA/CA of 802.11b, and find that decreasing the period of LDoS attack into a smaller time scale would achieve a higher attack efficiency; (2) We show that the attack effect differs from that in wired networks, and the attacker's location has an impact on it; (3) We verify our findings by simulation experiments in NS-2; (4) Detection and defense methods are explored to counter against such attack.
LDoS (Low-rate Denial of Service)攻击具有周期性、隐蔽性、高效性等特点,已成为网络安全的一大威胁。以往关于ddos攻击的研究主要集中在其对有线网络的影响上。然而,我们的分析表明,这种攻击也可以在Ad-hoc网络中发起,并且由于在这种环境中采用了完全不同的MAC层协议,因此攻击的形式和效果可能会有所不同,需要重新评估。本文对Ad-hoc网络中的LDoS攻击进行了研究:(1)研究了802.11b的介质保留机制和CSMA/CA带来的攻击形式的差异,发现将LDoS攻击的周期减小到更小的时间尺度可以获得更高的攻击效率;(2)研究表明,攻击效果不同于有线网络,攻击者的位置对其有影响;(3)我们通过NS-2的模拟实验验证了我们的发现;(4)探索了防范此类攻击的检测和防御方法。
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引用次数: 4
Advantages of virtual addressing for efficient and failure tolerant routing in sensor networks 虚拟寻址在传感器网络中高效容错路由中的优势
Abdalkarim Awad, Lei Shi, R. German, F. Dressler
We study the capabilities of virtual addressing schemes for efficient and failure tolerant routing in sensor networks. In particular, we present the Virtual Cord Protocol (VCP) that uses techniques known from peer-to-peer networks, i.e. Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) are used to associate data items in sensor networks with particular node addresses. The addresses of nodes are dynamically maintained by the protocol to form a virtual cord. VCP uses two mechanisms for finding paths to nodes and associated data items: First, it relies on the virtual cord that always points towards the destination. Furthermore, locally available neighborhood information is exploited for greedy routing. Our simulation results show that VCP is able to find paths close to the possible shortest path with very low overhead. The routing performance of VCP, which clearly outperforms other ad hoc routing protocols such as Dynamic MANET On Demand (DYMO), is similar to other virtual addressing schemes, e.g. Virtual Ring Routing (VRR). However, we improved VCP to handle frequent node failures in an optimized way. The results presented in this paper outline the capabilities of VCP to handle such cases.
研究了虚拟寻址方案在传感器网络中实现高效容错路由的能力。特别是,我们提出了虚拟线协议(VCP),它使用了点对点网络中已知的技术,即分布式哈希表(dht)用于将传感器网络中的数据项与特定节点地址相关联。节点的地址由协议动态维护,形成一条虚拟线。VCP使用两种机制来查找到节点和相关数据项的路径:首先,它依赖于始终指向目的地的虚拟连线。此外,利用本地可用的邻域信息进行贪婪路由。仿真结果表明,VCP能够以非常低的开销找到接近可能最短路径的路径。VCP的路由性能明显优于其他自组织路由协议,如动态MANET按需路由(DYMO),与其他虚拟寻址方案类似,例如虚拟环路由(VRR)。然而,我们改进了VCP,以优化的方式处理频繁的节点故障。本文给出的结果概述了VCP处理此类情况的能力。
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引用次数: 18
Cluster-based inter-domain routing (cidr) protocol for MANETs 基于集群的域间路由(cidr)协议
Biao Zhou, Z. Cao, M. Gerla
Nowadays, inter-domain routing for MANETs draws increasing attention because of military and vehicular applications. The challenges in wireless, mobile inter-domain routing include dynamic network topology, intermittent connectivity, and routing protocol heterogeneity. The existing Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the de facto inter-domain routing protocol for the Internet. But BGP is not applicable to MANETs because the BGP design is based on a static Internet which does not support dynamic discovery of members, and cannot scale to mobile, dynamic topology environments. The proposed cluster-based inter-domain routing (CIDR) protocol obtains efficient communications among MANETs and achieves scalability in large networks by using the clustering technique. The proposed approach generates clusters using group affinity. In each domain, the distributed clustering algorithm discovers the set of “traveling companions” - these are the nodes that stick together as a group for some time or for some common tasks. It elects within each set a Cluster Head (CH) for each affinity group. Affinity is defined in terms of some common characteristics, such as group motion or task. The clusters (i.e., subnets) can be defined a priori or may evolve dynamically by the affinity of geography, motion, or task. The cluster head in the subnet acts as local DNS for own cluster and also (redundantly) for neighbor clusters. The cluster head advertises to neighbors and the rest of the network its connectivity, members, and domain information. The advertising protocol plays the role of BG Protocol. In the proposed protocol, packets to remote nodes are routed via cluster-head advertised routes, and packets to local destinations are routed using the local routing algorithm. The experiments have shown that the proposed inter-domain routing has achieved scalability and robustness to mobility.
近年来,由于军事和车载应用的原因,多网域间路由越来越受到人们的关注。无线、移动域间路由面临的挑战包括动态网络拓扑、间歇性连接和路由协议异构性。现有的边界网关协议BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)是Internet事实上的域间路由协议。但是由于BGP的设计是基于静态互联网,不支持动态发现成员,不能扩展到移动、动态的拓扑环境,因此并不适用于manet。本文提出的基于集群的域间路由(CIDR)协议利用集群技术实现了城域网间的高效通信,并在大型网络中实现了可扩展性。提出的方法使用组亲和性生成集群。在每个域中,分布式聚类算法发现一组“旅伴”——这些节点在一段时间内或在一些共同任务中作为一个组粘在一起。它在每个集合中为每个关联组选择一个簇头(CH)。亲和性是根据一些共同的特征来定义的,比如群体运动或任务。集群(即子网)可以是先验定义的,也可以根据地理、运动或任务的亲和力动态演化。子网中的集群头充当自己集群的本地DNS,也(冗余)充当邻居集群的本地DNS。集群头向邻居和网络的其余部分发布其连通性、成员和域信息。广告协议扮演BG协议的角色。在该协议中,数据包通过簇头发布的路由路由到远程节点,数据包通过本地路由算法路由到本地目的地。实验表明,所提出的域间路由具有良好的可扩展性和对移动的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 53
Decentralized link adaptation for multi-link MIMO interference system 多链路MIMO干扰系统的分散链路自适应
Mirza Tayyab Mehmood, Abdelwaheb Marzouki, D. Zeghlache
A decentralized link adaptation algorithm designed for multi-link MIMO interference systems to jointly optimize the power and the number of links is presented in this contribution. Game theory is adapted and used for both allocating resources and admitting users (i.e. with embedded congestion control). The MIMO interference system is mapped into a multi-player game. The solution of the proposed game is provided by a new gradient based decentralized link adaptation algorithm. The new algorithm allocates adaptively the power and the modulation scheme of the transmitter and maintains the optimum number of links using soft decision criteria based on the link metric. Each link decision depends on the type of traffic and the QoS requirements. An analytical framework is provided along with simulations and an analysis of the algorithm behavior under different system conditions. This type of algorithm is applicable to spectrum sharing and power management to reduce interference and energy consumption.
针对多链路MIMO干扰系统,提出了一种分散链路自适应算法,用于联合优化链路功率和链路数。博弈论适用于资源分配和用户准入(即嵌入拥塞控制)。MIMO干扰系统被映射成一个多人游戏。提出了一种新的基于梯度的去中心化链路自适应算法。该算法采用基于链路度量的软决策准则,自适应地分配发射机的功率和调制方式,并保持最优链路数。每个链路决策取决于流量类型和QoS要求。提供了一个分析框架,并对算法在不同系统条件下的行为进行了仿真和分析。该算法适用于频谱共享和电源管理,以减少干扰和能耗。
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引用次数: 0
A distributed solution to estimation problems in wireless sensor networks leveraging broadcast communication 利用广播通信的无线传感器网络中估计问题的分布式解决方案
Simone Del Favero, F. Librino, F. Zorzi, Albert F. Harris III, M. Zorzi
The wide variety of applications for wireless sensor networks combined with the energy constrained nature of sensor nodes has motivated research on algorithms for in-network estimation of measured physical quantities to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transmitted to the sink. The main contribution of this work is a distributed estimation solution that leverages the broadcast nature of the wireless channel in sensor networks.We present a data dissemination protocol, called Kalsip, which is designed to support the implementation of our distributed estimation algorithm based on Kalman filters. We show, through analysis and simulation, that our protocol provides accurate estimation of physical properties while minimizing the number of transmissions needed and requiring nodes to only overhear estimates broadcast by their neighbors.
无线传感器网络的广泛应用与传感器节点的能量约束特性相结合,激发了对网络内测量物理量估计算法的研究,以减少需要传输到接收器的数据量。这项工作的主要贡献是利用传感器网络中无线信道的广播性质的分布式估计解决方案。我们提出了一种称为Kalsip的数据传播协议,该协议旨在支持基于卡尔曼滤波器的分布式估计算法的实现。我们通过分析和模拟表明,我们的协议提供了对物理特性的准确估计,同时最大限度地减少了所需传输的数量,并且只要求节点无意中听到邻居广播的估计。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2009 Sixth International Conference on Wireless On-Demand Network Systems and Services
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