Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9789048552542-006
Ngok Ma
{"title":"3. Rude Awakening: New Participants and the Umbrella Movement","authors":"Ngok Ma","doi":"10.1515/9789048552542-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9789048552542-006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":292370,"journal":{"name":"The Umbrella Movement","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122714590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9789048535248-009
S. Yuen
{"title":"7. From Repression to Attrition State Responses towards the Umbrella Movement","authors":"S. Yuen","doi":"10.1515/9789048535248-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9789048535248-009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":292370,"journal":{"name":"The Umbrella Movement","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129282525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article identifies the factors underlying the massive participation in the Umbrella Movement. From a mass values approach, support for democracy and trust that the Chinese government in upholding its promises are found to be statistically significant in explaining the massive support for the Umbrella Movement. From a performance perspective, the perceived performance of the HKSAR government in handling China-Hong Kong tensions, the perceived economic performance and upward social mobility of Hong Kong, have also shaped the support of the movement. The findings suggest the enormous challenge that faces Beijing to address the younger generation’s aspirations of democracy and greater propensity to join civil disobedience movements in the future.
{"title":"Mass Support for the Umbrella Movement","authors":"Ming Sing","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvh4zj2n.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh4zj2n.13","url":null,"abstract":"This article identifies the factors underlying the massive participation\u0000 in the Umbrella Movement. From a mass values approach, support for\u0000 democracy and trust that the Chinese government in upholding its\u0000 promises are found to be statistically significant in explaining the massive\u0000 support for the Umbrella Movement. From a performance perspective, the\u0000 perceived performance of the HKSAR government in handling China-Hong\u0000 Kong tensions, the perceived economic performance and upward social\u0000 mobility of Hong Kong, have also shaped the support of the movement.\u0000 The findings suggest the enormous challenge that faces Beijing to address\u0000 the younger generation’s aspirations of democracy and greater propensity\u0000 to join civil disobedience movements in the future.","PeriodicalId":292370,"journal":{"name":"The Umbrella Movement","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126247860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.1017/9789048535248.011
S. Wong
From the start, the Umbrella Movement failed to win overwhelming public support. Why would many Hong Kong people not endorse a civil disobedience movement aimed at dismantling the exclusionary political order and bringing forth democracy? Based on an original public opinion survey collected during the movement, this article provides preliminary answers to these questions. I find that those who disapproved of the movement are no less politically informed. Instead, three factors were strong predictors of disapproval of the movement: (1) satisfaction with the performance of the chief executive; (2) distrust of democracy as a solution to Hong Kong’s problems; and (3) concern about the negative impact of the protest on the rule of law.
{"title":"Correlates of Public Attitudes toward the Umbrella Movement","authors":"S. Wong","doi":"10.1017/9789048535248.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9789048535248.011","url":null,"abstract":"From the start, the Umbrella Movement failed to win overwhelming\u0000 public support. Why would many Hong Kong people not endorse a civil\u0000 disobedience movement aimed at dismantling the exclusionary political\u0000 order and bringing forth democracy? Based on an original public opinion\u0000 survey collected during the movement, this article provides preliminary\u0000 answers to these questions. I find that those who disapproved of the\u0000 movement are no less politically informed. Instead, three factors were\u0000 strong predictors of disapproval of the movement: (1) satisfaction with\u0000 the performance of the chief executive; (2) distrust of democracy as a\u0000 solution to Hong Kong’s problems; and (3) concern about the negative\u0000 impact of the protest on the rule of law.","PeriodicalId":292370,"journal":{"name":"The Umbrella Movement","volume":"472 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123662906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter examines the contingent and endogenous causes that sparked the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong. Spurred by two contingent events generating pre-emptive and massive mobilization, the movement was a spontaneous transformation of the long-planned Occupy Central campaign. Networked efficiently through social media, autonomous individuals from diverse backgrounds rallied in various physical spaces, resulting in a self-mobilized and decentralized protest structure. These dynamics and ecology facilitated participatory practices and sustained a resilient occupation. Using an on-site survey, in-depth interviews, and participant observation, this chapter constructs a counter-frame conceptualizing the Umbrella Movement as a popular civil resistance, thereby contesting the official and media framings that regard the occupation as an illegal assembly, separatist movement, or social justice movement.
{"title":"Spontaneity and Civil Resistance","authors":"Edmund W. Cheng","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvh4zj2n.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh4zj2n.6","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the contingent and endogenous causes that sparked\u0000 the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong. Spurred by two contingent events\u0000 generating pre-emptive and massive mobilization, the movement was\u0000 a spontaneous transformation of the long-planned Occupy Central\u0000 campaign. Networked efficiently through social media, autonomous\u0000 individuals from diverse backgrounds rallied in various physical spaces,\u0000 resulting in a self-mobilized and decentralized protest structure. These\u0000 dynamics and ecology facilitated participatory practices and sustained\u0000 a resilient occupation. Using an on-site survey, in-depth interviews, and\u0000 participant observation, this chapter constructs a counter-frame conceptualizing\u0000 the Umbrella Movement as a popular civil resistance, thereby\u0000 contesting the official and media framings that regard the occupation\u0000 as an illegal assembly, separatist movement, or social justice movement.","PeriodicalId":292370,"journal":{"name":"The Umbrella Movement","volume":"862 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114058703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The outbreak of the Umbrella Movement in 2014 followed decades of futility in the democracy movement. Years of conventional protests and bargaining had failed to bring about full democracy for Hong Kong. The rise of a new political identity and trends of radicalization in social and political movements fuelled the massive civil disobedience campaign. With Beijing handing down an election formula that allowed popular elections only after a Beijing-controlled committee screened the candidates, the opposition was prepared to launch an occupation campaign. Police violence then triggered the spontaneous participation of the masses, culminating in the 79-day occupation that signified a new stage of contentious movements for Hong Kong.
{"title":"From Political Acquiescence to Civil Disobedience","authors":"Ngok Ma","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvh4zj2n.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh4zj2n.5","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of the Umbrella Movement in 2014 followed decades of futility in\u0000 the democracy movement. Years of conventional protests and bargaining had\u0000 failed to bring about full democracy for Hong Kong. The rise of a new political\u0000 identity and trends of radicalization in social and political movements fuelled\u0000 the massive civil disobedience campaign. With Beijing handing down an\u0000 election formula that allowed popular elections only after a Beijing-controlled\u0000 committee screened the candidates, the opposition was prepared to launch\u0000 an occupation campaign. Police violence then triggered the spontaneous\u0000 participation of the masses, culminating in the 79-day occupation that\u0000 signified a new stage of contentious movements for Hong Kong.","PeriodicalId":292370,"journal":{"name":"The Umbrella Movement","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126917991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.1515/9789048535248-011
Ming Sing
{"title":"9. Mass Support for the Umbrella Movement","authors":"Ming Sing","doi":"10.1515/9789048535248-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9789048535248-011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":292370,"journal":{"name":"The Umbrella Movement","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127867140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.1017/9789048535248.009
Yongshun Cai
Social groups that take to the streets do not necessarily achieve their desired effects because the protest may be weak. Hence, protesting groups need to carry out tactical escalation in order to empower their action. Examining the Umbrella Movement of 2014, this paper suggests that the effectiveness of tactical escalation is not determined only by the public support it can generate, but also by the timing of the escalation because this timing reveals the movement’s momentum. The tactical escalation of the Umbrella Movement proved to be ineffective because some tactics damaged the movement’s image or were undertaken at a time when the momentum was already significantly low.
{"title":"Protesters and Tactical Escalation","authors":"Yongshun Cai","doi":"10.1017/9789048535248.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9789048535248.009","url":null,"abstract":"Social groups that take to the streets do not necessarily achieve their\u0000 desired effects because the protest may be weak. Hence, protesting groups\u0000 need to carry out tactical escalation in order to empower their action.\u0000 Examining the Umbrella Movement of 2014, this paper suggests that the\u0000 effectiveness of tactical escalation is not determined only by the public\u0000 support it can generate, but also by the timing of the escalation because\u0000 this timing reveals the movement’s momentum. The tactical escalation\u0000 of the Umbrella Movement proved to be ineffective because some tactics\u0000 damaged the movement’s image or were undertaken at a time when the\u0000 momentum was already significantly low.","PeriodicalId":292370,"journal":{"name":"The Umbrella Movement","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131636949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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