Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2049
E. M. Bardiviesso, Natália de Brito Lima Lanna, A. S. Aguilar, S. Bezerra, R. A. Pelvine, P. G. Freitas, Francisca Karla Kelly Da Silva, Marcela Sant’anna Cordeiro da Silva, A. Cardoso
The recommendation of fertilization for zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) cultivation is usually made with no differentiation from the other cucurbit crops. Thus, there is a need to examine the doses of fertilizers used for zucchini production, as well as the suitability for cultivars, seasons, and cultivation regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sulfur doses at topdressing fertilization and the supply of organic compost at planting on the production and quality of zucchini seeds. A total of eight treatments were studied in a randomized block design with a factorial scheme 4x2, corresponding to four sulfur doses at topdressing (0, 57, 114 and 173 kg ha-1 of S), in the presence (30 t ha-1) and absence of organic compost at planting. The fruits were harvested 62 DAT, and after harvest, the fruits remained in rest for 15 days in order to reach the uniformity of the physiological maturity of the seeds. The production characteristics evaluated were average fresh weight, diameter, dry weight and length of the fruits, fruit yield per plant, weight of a thousand seeds, number and seed weight. Regarding the seed quality, the percentage of germination, germination speed index, first count of the germination test, and electric conductivity, were evaluated. The supply of organic compost at planting had a positive effect on the production and physiological quality of the seeds of zucchini produced. The sulfur applied at topdressing improved the presence of the organic compost and also the production of seeds. Hence, it is recommended to apply 30 t ha-1 of organic compost at planting in association with 57 kg ha-1 of S at topdressing for higher seed yield and quality.
西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo)栽培的施肥建议通常与其他葫芦作物没有区别。因此，有必要检查西葫芦生产中使用的肥料剂量，以及对品种、季节和栽培区域的适用性。本研究旨在评价追肥时硫用量和种植时有机肥用量对西葫芦种子产量和品质的影响。采用随机区组设计，采用4x2析因方案，对8个处理进行了研究，分别为施肥时施硫量为0、57、114和173 kg hm -1，种植时施硫量为30 t hm -1和不施有机堆肥。果实收获62天，收获后静置15天，以达到种子生理成熟的均匀性。评价的生产性状为果实的平均鲜重、直径、干重和长度、单株产量、千粒重、数量和种子重。对种子质量进行发芽率、发芽速度指数、发芽试验第一次计数、电导率等评价。种植时施用有机堆肥对西葫芦产量和种子生理品质有积极影响。追肥时施用的硫改善了有机堆肥的存在，也提高了种子的产量。因此，建议在播种时施用30吨/公顷的有机堆肥，并在追肥时施用57公斤/公顷的S，以提高种子产量和质量。
{"title":"Production and quality of zucchini seeds after applying sulphur as top dressing and organic compost at planting","authors":"E. M. Bardiviesso, Natália de Brito Lima Lanna, A. S. Aguilar, S. Bezerra, R. A. Pelvine, P. G. Freitas, Francisca Karla Kelly Da Silva, Marcela Sant’anna Cordeiro da Silva, A. Cardoso","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2049","url":null,"abstract":"The recommendation of fertilization for zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) cultivation is usually made with no differentiation from the other cucurbit crops. Thus, there is a need to examine the doses of fertilizers used for zucchini production, as well as the suitability for cultivars, seasons, and cultivation regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sulfur doses at topdressing fertilization and the supply of organic compost at planting on the production and quality of zucchini seeds. A total of eight treatments were studied in a randomized block design with a factorial scheme 4x2, corresponding to four sulfur doses at topdressing (0, 57, 114 and 173 kg ha-1 of S), in the presence (30 t ha-1) and absence of organic compost at planting. The fruits were harvested 62 DAT, and after harvest, the fruits remained in rest for 15 days in order to reach the uniformity of the physiological maturity of the seeds. The production characteristics evaluated were average fresh weight, diameter, dry weight and length of the fruits, fruit yield per plant, weight of a thousand seeds, number and seed weight. Regarding the seed quality, the percentage of germination, germination speed index, first count of the germination test, and electric conductivity, were evaluated. The supply of organic compost at planting had a positive effect on the production and physiological quality of the seeds of zucchini produced. The sulfur applied at topdressing improved the presence of the organic compost and also the production of seeds. Hence, it is recommended to apply 30 t ha-1 of organic compost at planting in association with 57 kg ha-1 of S at topdressing for higher seed yield and quality.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122518889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p1899
J. C. R. Anjos, D. Casaroli, J. A. Junior, A. W. P. Evangelista, R. Battisti, M. Mesquita
The great extension of the cultivated area, associated with the low water availability to supply the sugarcane demand in the periods of drought and the high evapotranspiration demand, requires varieties adapted to these specific conditions. The aim of this study was to assess 16 sugarcane varieties regarding the efficiency in water use (EWU) and in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), cultivated under a water restriction, in the production of stalks dry matter, sugar and alcohol. The experiment was carried out in the Brazilian savannah biome, Goiás State, during the 2011/2012 crop year, in a randomized blocks design, with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of 16 varieties of sugarcane cultivated on a supply of only 50% of the water demand demanded by the crop. The EWU and EUPAR of the varieties were evaluated for the production of stalk dry mass (SDM), sugar and alcohol. During the crop cycle there was sufficient precipitation to supply the water demand of sugarcane; however, the irregular distribution of rainfall resulted in a water deficit of -697 mm during its cycle. The varieties IAC 91-1099, CTC-15, CTC-11, SP 86-0042 and IAC 87-3396 showed higher EWU and better photosynthetically active radiation for the production of stalks dry matter, sugar and alcohol. IACSP 94-2094 and CTC 09 varieties presented the same efficiency in industrial yield and lower dry matter yield than the five following varieties IAC 91-1099, CTC-15, CTC-11, SP 86-0042 and IAC 87-3396. Therefore, these last varieties are the most efficient in water use and photosynthetically active radiation aiming the stalks dry matter, sugar and alcohol production under water restriction.
{"title":"Stalk dry mass and industrial yield of 16 varieties of sugar cane cultivated under water restriction","authors":"J. C. R. Anjos, D. Casaroli, J. A. Junior, A. W. P. Evangelista, R. Battisti, M. Mesquita","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p1899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p1899","url":null,"abstract":"The great extension of the cultivated area, associated with the low water availability to supply the sugarcane demand in the periods of drought and the high evapotranspiration demand, requires varieties adapted to these specific conditions. The aim of this study was to assess 16 sugarcane varieties regarding the efficiency in water use (EWU) and in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), cultivated under a water restriction, in the production of stalks dry matter, sugar and alcohol. The experiment was carried out in the Brazilian savannah biome, Goiás State, during the 2011/2012 crop year, in a randomized blocks design, with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of 16 varieties of sugarcane cultivated on a supply of only 50% of the water demand demanded by the crop. The EWU and EUPAR of the varieties were evaluated for the production of stalk dry mass (SDM), sugar and alcohol. During the crop cycle there was sufficient precipitation to supply the water demand of sugarcane; however, the irregular distribution of rainfall resulted in a water deficit of -697 mm during its cycle. The varieties IAC 91-1099, CTC-15, CTC-11, SP 86-0042 and IAC 87-3396 showed higher EWU and better photosynthetically active radiation for the production of stalks dry matter, sugar and alcohol. IACSP 94-2094 and CTC 09 varieties presented the same efficiency in industrial yield and lower dry matter yield than the five following varieties IAC 91-1099, CTC-15, CTC-11, SP 86-0042 and IAC 87-3396. Therefore, these last varieties are the most efficient in water use and photosynthetically active radiation aiming the stalks dry matter, sugar and alcohol production under water restriction.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132920435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2559
Patrycia Elen Costa Amorim, J. H. R. Araujo, Aline Priscilla Gomes da Silva, Jéssica dos Santos Almeida, M. O. Arruda, I. M. R. S. Serra, E. U. Alves, P. A. F. R. Melo
The aim of the present study was to evaluate chemical and microbiological parameters of industrialized and artisanal bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart) and cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum) pulps, native Brazilian Amazon fruits. Several fruit pulp brands were selected as follows: industrialized pulps (IP), brands A and B and artisanal pulps (AP), brands C and D. The chemical analyses were based on the determination of initial pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS) and their ratio (TSS/TTA). Microbiological analyzes quantified mold, yeast, Staphyloccus aureus and Salmonella spp. Their contamination were also determined. Chemical characterization demonstrated that bacuri pulps had lower level of TTA and TSS than cupuaçu pulp. However, ration between TSS and TAA showed higher level in bacuri pulp/brand AP/D. The microbiological analyses showed a ranging from 2.83x105 to 9.35x107 and 7.32x106 to 7.06x107 mold and yeast colony forming units (CFU/g) for bacuri and cupuaçu pulps, respectively. All pulps presented high amounts of Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of Salmonella was verified in industrialized pulp for both bacuri and cupuaçu fruits. We concluded that both industrialized and artisanal bacuri and cupuaçu pulps have poor microbiological food quality, indicating a health threat to the consumers.
{"title":"Chemical and microbiological evaluations of Platonia insignis Mart and Theobroma grandiflorum Schum pulps, native fruits from Brazilian Amazon","authors":"Patrycia Elen Costa Amorim, J. H. R. Araujo, Aline Priscilla Gomes da Silva, Jéssica dos Santos Almeida, M. O. Arruda, I. M. R. S. Serra, E. U. Alves, P. A. F. R. Melo","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2559","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to evaluate chemical and microbiological parameters of industrialized and artisanal bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart) and cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum) pulps, native Brazilian Amazon fruits. Several fruit pulp brands were selected as follows: industrialized pulps (IP), brands A and B and artisanal pulps (AP), brands C and D. The chemical analyses were based on the determination of initial pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS) and their ratio (TSS/TTA). Microbiological analyzes quantified mold, yeast, Staphyloccus aureus and Salmonella spp. Their contamination were also determined. Chemical characterization demonstrated that bacuri pulps had lower level of TTA and TSS than cupuaçu pulp. However, ration between TSS and TAA showed higher level in bacuri pulp/brand AP/D. The microbiological analyses showed a ranging from 2.83x105 to 9.35x107 and 7.32x106 to 7.06x107 mold and yeast colony forming units (CFU/g) for bacuri and cupuaçu pulps, respectively. All pulps presented high amounts of Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of Salmonella was verified in industrialized pulp for both bacuri and cupuaçu fruits. We concluded that both industrialized and artisanal bacuri and cupuaçu pulps have poor microbiological food quality, indicating a health threat to the consumers.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123846493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2244
H. Angelo, Tomas V. Angelo, A. N. D. Almeida, P. G. A. Vasconcelos, M. Magliano, A. A. Brasil, Á. N. Souza, E. P. Miguel
The pulp industry has a great importance to the economy of Brazil and despite of being one of the biggest producer in the world this industry is still expanding in the country. In spite of the importance of the planted forests as main source for the pulp industry and other products, pulpwood for the cellulose market has received little attention in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this research is the study of pulpwood demand in Brazil from 1994 to 2016, using econometric tools, where the demand equation was specified and adjusted by the Ordinary Least Squares method. The results showed that pulpwood price and the capacity of the pulp industry explain the pulpwood demand with good econometric results. The pulpwood demand is inelastic to price fluctuations and elastic to installed capacity. These results are consistent with the international estimations and they can assist projecting policies that promote more rational and sustainable management of the wood and consequently the forests.
{"title":"An econometric model for demand of pulpwood market in Brazil","authors":"H. Angelo, Tomas V. Angelo, A. N. D. Almeida, P. G. A. Vasconcelos, M. Magliano, A. A. Brasil, Á. N. Souza, E. P. Miguel","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2244","url":null,"abstract":"The pulp industry has a great importance to the economy of Brazil and despite of being one of the biggest producer in the world this industry is still expanding in the country. In spite of the importance of the planted forests as main source for the pulp industry and other products, pulpwood for the cellulose market has received little attention in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this research is the study of pulpwood demand in Brazil from 1994 to 2016, using econometric tools, where the demand equation was specified and adjusted by the Ordinary Least Squares method. The results showed that pulpwood price and the capacity of the pulp industry explain the pulpwood demand with good econometric results. The pulpwood demand is inelastic to price fluctuations and elastic to installed capacity. These results are consistent with the international estimations and they can assist projecting policies that promote more rational and sustainable management of the wood and consequently the forests.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116650124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2630
Luan de Oliveira Nascimento, J. Ferreira, G. O. Nascimento, V. B. Santos, Clemeson Silva de Souza, Antonia Fabiana Barros de Lima, Francisco Ian de Oliveira Nascimento
Increasing corn grain production without devastating new forest areas is a viable alternative to controlling deforestation. However, increasing plant density in the area may alter plant morphophysiological and productive traits. The objective of this study was to characterize relationships between physiological, morphological and yield traits of corn plants, as well as the cause, effect and relationship of the traits on grain yield. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with four replications. The corn hybrids (2B655PW, AG7088PRO3 and P4285YHR) were grown with row spacing of 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm, 95 cm. The evaluated traits physiological were: net photosynthesis (PN), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular concentration of CO2 (Ci), leaf transpiration (E), water use efficiency (WUE) and carboxylation efficiency (CE). The morphological were: plant height (PH) and ear insertion height (EIH), stem diameter (SD), and leaf area (LA) and the productive traits were the total number of ear per hectare (NE), number of grains per ear (NGE), grain mass per ear (GME), 100 grain weight (100GW) and grain yield (GY). The characteristics of maize hybrids cultivated in environment with reduced spacing (40cm, 60cm, 80cm, 95cm) of the 2016/2017 crop were investigated through the multicollinearity path analysis. The physiological, morphological and productive traits are considered sources of variation of cause and effect of corn yield in reduced spaced. This traits are essential for observations in maize breeding programs to obtain high yielding varieties in reduced spacing. In conclusion, the physiological (PN, CE, WUE, Ci, Gs), morphological (EIH, SD, LA) and productive (NE, GME) traits provide gains in maize grain yield via indirect selection when the crop is subjected to 40 cm row spacing.
{"title":"Effect of reduced spacing on relationship of physiological, morphological and productive traits of corn yield","authors":"Luan de Oliveira Nascimento, J. Ferreira, G. O. Nascimento, V. B. Santos, Clemeson Silva de Souza, Antonia Fabiana Barros de Lima, Francisco Ian de Oliveira Nascimento","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2630","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing corn grain production without devastating new forest areas is a viable alternative to controlling deforestation. However, increasing plant density in the area may alter plant morphophysiological and productive traits. The objective of this study was to characterize relationships between physiological, morphological and yield traits of corn plants, as well as the cause, effect and relationship of the traits on grain yield. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with four replications. The corn hybrids (2B655PW, AG7088PRO3 and P4285YHR) were grown with row spacing of 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm, 95 cm. The evaluated traits physiological were: net photosynthesis (PN), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular concentration of CO2 (Ci), leaf transpiration (E), water use efficiency (WUE) and carboxylation efficiency (CE). The morphological were: plant height (PH) and ear insertion height (EIH), stem diameter (SD), and leaf area (LA) and the productive traits were the total number of ear per hectare (NE), number of grains per ear (NGE), grain mass per ear (GME), 100 grain weight (100GW) and grain yield (GY). The characteristics of maize hybrids cultivated in environment with reduced spacing (40cm, 60cm, 80cm, 95cm) of the 2016/2017 crop were investigated through the multicollinearity path analysis. The physiological, morphological and productive traits are considered sources of variation of cause and effect of corn yield in reduced spaced. This traits are essential for observations in maize breeding programs to obtain high yielding varieties in reduced spacing. In conclusion, the physiological (PN, CE, WUE, Ci, Gs), morphological (EIH, SD, LA) and productive (NE, GME) traits provide gains in maize grain yield via indirect selection when the crop is subjected to 40 cm row spacing.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126579580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2241
F. H. Krenchinski, C. A. Carbonari, E. Castro, D. M. Rodrigues, V. Cesco, R. N. Costa, E. D. Velini
Several maize hybrids that present the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene (pat) are available in the market. However, these hybrids have different resistance levels to glufosinate herbicides. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the resistance of maize hybrids containing the pat gene (as a selection marker) to glufosinate. Field experiments were conducted in two sites in the 2016/2017 crop season, using a randomized block design with a 2×7 factorial arrangement and four replications. The treatments consisted of two glufosinate rates (0 and 500 g ha-1) and seven maize hybrids, six containing the pat gene as a selection marker (Herculex®, Agrisure-TL®, Herculex Yieldgard®, Leptra®, Viptera-3®, and Power-Core®) and one without the pat gene (VT PRO®). Two field experiments were conducted in different sites. The analyzed variables were: ammonia accumulation, electron transport rate (ETR), percentage of injuries, 100-grain weight, and grain yield. The glufosinate-susceptible maize hybrid presented higher ammonia accumulations, lower ETR, and high percentage of injuries (100%), which caused total loss of grain production. Considering the evaluated glufosinate-resistant maize hybrids, Viptera-3 and Agrisure-TL presented the highest ammonia accumulations and percentages of injuries, and lower ETR than the other hybrids. The grain yield of glufosinate-resistant maize hybrids was not reduced due to the application of the 500 g ha-1 of glufosinate. Thus, glufosinate-resistant maize hybrids containing the pat gene are resistant to the application of 500 g ha-1 of glufosinate, and this practice can be recommended for maize crops.
市场上有几种含有膦-丙氨酸乙酰转移酶基因(pat)的玉米杂交品种。然而，这些杂交种对草铵膦除草剂的抗性水平不同。本研究的目的是评价含有pat基因(作为选择标记)的玉米杂种对草铵膦的抗性。田间试验于2016/2017作物季在2个试验点进行，采用2×7因子随机区组设计，4个重复。这些处理包括两种草甘膦浓度(0和500 g ha-1)和7个玉米杂交品种，其中6个含有pat基因作为选择标记(Herculex®、agrisu - tl®、Herculex Yieldgard®、Leptra®、Viptera-3®和Power-Core®)，1个不含pat基因(VT PRO®)。在不同地点进行了两次野外试验。分析变量为:氨积累、电子传递速率(ETR)、伤害率、百粒重和籽粒产量。草铵膦敏感玉米杂交种氨积累量高，ETR低，伤害率高(100%)，造成粮食生产的全部损失。在所评价的抗草铵膦玉米杂交种中，Viptera-3和agrisu - tl的氨积累量和伤害率最高，ETR较低。施用500 g / ha的草铵膦并没有降低抗草铵膦玉米杂交种的产量。因此，含有pat基因的抗草铵膦玉米杂交种对施用500 g / ha的草铵膦具有抗性，这种做法可以推荐用于玉米作物。
{"title":"Post-emergence application of glufosinate on maize hybrids containing the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene (pat)","authors":"F. H. Krenchinski, C. A. Carbonari, E. Castro, D. M. Rodrigues, V. Cesco, R. N. Costa, E. D. Velini","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2241","url":null,"abstract":"Several maize hybrids that present the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene (pat) are available in the market. However, these hybrids have different resistance levels to glufosinate herbicides. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the resistance of maize hybrids containing the pat gene (as a selection marker) to glufosinate. Field experiments were conducted in two sites in the 2016/2017 crop season, using a randomized block design with a 2×7 factorial arrangement and four replications. The treatments consisted of two glufosinate rates (0 and 500 g ha-1) and seven maize hybrids, six containing the pat gene as a selection marker (Herculex®, Agrisure-TL®, Herculex Yieldgard®, Leptra®, Viptera-3®, and Power-Core®) and one without the pat gene (VT PRO®). Two field experiments were conducted in different sites. The analyzed variables were: ammonia accumulation, electron transport rate (ETR), percentage of injuries, 100-grain weight, and grain yield. The glufosinate-susceptible maize hybrid presented higher ammonia accumulations, lower ETR, and high percentage of injuries (100%), which caused total loss of grain production. Considering the evaluated glufosinate-resistant maize hybrids, Viptera-3 and Agrisure-TL presented the highest ammonia accumulations and percentages of injuries, and lower ETR than the other hybrids. The grain yield of glufosinate-resistant maize hybrids was not reduced due to the application of the 500 g ha-1 of glufosinate. Thus, glufosinate-resistant maize hybrids containing the pat gene are resistant to the application of 500 g ha-1 of glufosinate, and this practice can be recommended for maize crops.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126823061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p984
W. Mohammed, Beyene A. Amelework, H. Shimelis
The study was carried out to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of okra collections from diverse geographic origin using selected polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Thirty-two okra accessions collected from three geographic regions were genotyped using 16 selected SSR markers. The SSR markers generated a total of 71 loci of which 67% were polymorphic. Genetic distances among accessions ranged from 2.2 to 7.1, with a mean of 4.65. Gene diversity ranged from 0.10 to 0.78 with a mean of 0.52. Genetic clustering classified the accessions into three major clusters and four sub-clusters. Each cluster and sub-cluster consisted of accessions derived from different sources. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 67%, 81% and 83% of the total genetic variation detected was found within populations of geographic origin, altitude and collection district, respectively. The observed moderate to high population differentiation could partly be attributed to limited germplasm exchange, agro-ecological differences, and partly by selection pressure. The present study revealed the presence of high genetic diversity and population divergence among okra collections from Ethiopia. The study demonstrated that a collection strategy for conservation of okra genetic resources should focus on sampling of representative genotypes covering wide geographic regions and altitudinal ranges of target agro-ecologies.
{"title":"Simple sequence repeat markers revealed genetic divergence and population structure of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus] collections of diverse geographic origin","authors":"W. Mohammed, Beyene A. Amelework, H. Shimelis","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p984","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of okra collections from diverse geographic origin using selected polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Thirty-two okra accessions collected from three geographic regions were genotyped using 16 selected SSR markers. The SSR markers generated a total of 71 loci of which 67% were polymorphic. Genetic distances among accessions ranged from 2.2 to 7.1, with a mean of 4.65. Gene diversity ranged from 0.10 to 0.78 with a mean of 0.52. Genetic clustering classified the accessions into three major clusters and four sub-clusters. Each cluster and sub-cluster consisted of accessions derived from different sources. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 67%, 81% and 83% of the total genetic variation detected was found within populations of geographic origin, altitude and collection district, respectively. The observed moderate to high population differentiation could partly be attributed to limited germplasm exchange, agro-ecological differences, and partly by selection pressure. The present study revealed the presence of high genetic diversity and population divergence among okra collections from Ethiopia. The study demonstrated that a collection strategy for conservation of okra genetic resources should focus on sampling of representative genotypes covering wide geographic regions and altitudinal ranges of target agro-ecologies.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127064930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2277
A. H. A. Ghani, Khalid Al Abbsi, N. Thaher, Saddam Aref Al- Dalain, G. Rabadi, Farah Al Nasir
Populations of barley landrace [Hordeum vulgare (L.)] and wild barley progenitor [Hordeum spontaneum (L.)] were collected from 13 diverse eco-geographical regions in Jordan. In addition to two check varieties (Rum and Acsad 165) were collected from farmers’ fields. In total, 28 genotypes were evaluated during germination, early seedling and maturity stages for salt tolerance. Barley populations were exposed to tap water of 0.85 dS m-1 and saline solutions (NaCl, CaCl2 and MgSO4) of 4, 8, 12 and 16 dS m-1. Final germination percentage, the lengths of shoot and seminal root, growth and yield related traits were significantly decreased by increasing the level of salinity. Proline content was increased by increasing the level of salinity. A high level of salinity of 16 dS m-1 had a strong impact on reduction of grain yield and other agronomic traits in the examined populations. A considerable variation among populations was detectable. Barley landrace and wild barley that were collected from Tafila region were the most tolerant grown populations in Jordan. Interestingly, the ranking pattern of these two populations at the germination and seedling related-traits was consistent with the ranking pattern at the maturity phase. In conclusion, this study indicates that barley landrace and wild barley populations are potential donors for genes of salt tolerance that can be used to enhance salinity tolerance in barley.
{"title":"Phenotypic response of barley landrace and its wild progenitor Hordeum spontaneum from Jordan to salt stress","authors":"A. H. A. Ghani, Khalid Al Abbsi, N. Thaher, Saddam Aref Al- Dalain, G. Rabadi, Farah Al Nasir","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2277","url":null,"abstract":"Populations of barley landrace [Hordeum vulgare (L.)] and wild barley progenitor [Hordeum spontaneum (L.)] were collected from 13 diverse eco-geographical regions in Jordan. In addition to two check varieties (Rum and Acsad 165) were collected from farmers’ fields. In total, 28 genotypes were evaluated during germination, early seedling and maturity stages for salt tolerance. Barley populations were exposed to tap water of 0.85 dS m-1 and saline solutions (NaCl, CaCl2 and MgSO4) of 4, 8, 12 and 16 dS m-1. Final germination percentage, the lengths of shoot and seminal root, growth and yield related traits were significantly decreased by increasing the level of salinity. Proline content was increased by increasing the level of salinity. A high level of salinity of 16 dS m-1 had a strong impact on reduction of grain yield and other agronomic traits in the examined populations. A considerable variation among populations was detectable. Barley landrace and wild barley that were collected from Tafila region were the most tolerant grown populations in Jordan. Interestingly, the ranking pattern of these two populations at the germination and seedling related-traits was consistent with the ranking pattern at the maturity phase. In conclusion, this study indicates that barley landrace and wild barley populations are potential donors for genes of salt tolerance that can be used to enhance salinity tolerance in barley.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128164201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2731
L. Lavezzo, D. Delarica, A. Fostier, E. Rigobelo, S. Kandasamy, G. Lazarovits, Camila Chioda de Almeida, Danilo Olandino Souza, W. J. Melo
Mercury (Hg) is one of the most toxic metals and is not essential for any organism. In this study, the potential of maize plants in association with bacteria to treat oxisol contaminated with Hg (II) was evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment, and pots with 2 kg of oxisol were contaminated with HgCl2 solution at a dose of 36 mg kg-1 of Hg in a 7x4 factorial scheme: control (soil without Hg(II) and microorganisms), T2= (soil with Hg(II) and without microorganisms), and T3= soil with Hg(II) + Enterobacter cloacae, T4= Hg(II) + Bacillus subtilis, T5= Hg(II) + Enterobacter sp., T6= Hg(II) + Staphylococcus epidermidis, and T7= Hg(II) + Bacillus sp. Total Hg quantification was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. At the end of the experiment, the soil pH was significantly lower (0.3 to 0.4 pH unit) in the T2 (no inoculation), Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sp. and Bacillus sp. treatments. Neither contamination of soil with Hg nor plant associations with bacteria led to differences in the root dry mass of maize plants. Maize plants associated with Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus sp. bacteria had lower shoot biomass (71 and 50%) compared to the treatment 2. The best remedial effect was observed with the association of maize plants with Bacillus sp., which recovered 19.67% of Hg(II) in the soil when compared to control and treatment 2 and treatment with B. subtilis. The recommendation is the use of B. subtilis to decrease the toxicity caused by Hg(II).
{"title":"Associations between microorganism and maize plant to remedy mercury-contaminated soil","authors":"L. Lavezzo, D. Delarica, A. Fostier, E. Rigobelo, S. Kandasamy, G. Lazarovits, Camila Chioda de Almeida, Danilo Olandino Souza, W. J. Melo","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2731","url":null,"abstract":"Mercury (Hg) is one of the most toxic metals and is not essential for any organism. In this study, the potential of maize plants in association with bacteria to treat oxisol contaminated with Hg (II) was evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment, and pots with 2 kg of oxisol were contaminated with HgCl2 solution at a dose of 36 mg kg-1 of Hg in a 7x4 factorial scheme: control (soil without Hg(II) and microorganisms), T2= (soil with Hg(II) and without microorganisms), and T3= soil with Hg(II) + Enterobacter cloacae, T4= Hg(II) + Bacillus subtilis, T5= Hg(II) + Enterobacter sp., T6= Hg(II) + Staphylococcus epidermidis, and T7= Hg(II) + Bacillus sp. Total Hg quantification was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. At the end of the experiment, the soil pH was significantly lower (0.3 to 0.4 pH unit) in the T2 (no inoculation), Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sp. and Bacillus sp. treatments. Neither contamination of soil with Hg nor plant associations with bacteria led to differences in the root dry mass of maize plants. Maize plants associated with Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus sp. bacteria had lower shoot biomass (71 and 50%) compared to the treatment 2. The best remedial effect was observed with the association of maize plants with Bacillus sp., which recovered 19.67% of Hg(II) in the soil when compared to control and treatment 2 and treatment with B. subtilis. The recommendation is the use of B. subtilis to decrease the toxicity caused by Hg(II).","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125807519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2698
R. M. Santos, E. Rigobelo
The search for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria is an ongoing need for the development of new bioinoculants for use in various crops, including sugarcane. Bacterial strains with various plant growth-promoting properties can contribute to sustainable agricultural production. The present study aimed to isolate, characterize and select sugarcane rhizobacteria from six different varieties through principal components analysis. This study selected 167 bacterial strains with the ability to fix nitrogen, produce indolacetic acid, exhibit cellulolytic activity, and solubilize phosphate and potassium were isolated. Of these 167 bacterial strains, seven were selected by principal component analysis and identified as belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Bacillus and Achromobacter. Bacillus thuringiensis IP21 presented higher potential for nitrogen fixation and CaPO4 and AlPO4 solubilization and a lower potential for K solubilization in sugarcane. Enterobacter asburiae IP24 was efficient in indolacetic acid production and CaPO4 and FePO4 solubilization and inefficient for Araxá apatite solubilization.
{"title":"Selection of Saccharum spp. rhizobacteria with growth-promoting properties using PCA analysis","authors":"R. M. Santos, E. Rigobelo","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2698","url":null,"abstract":"The search for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria is an ongoing need for the development of new bioinoculants for use in various crops, including sugarcane. Bacterial strains with various plant growth-promoting properties can contribute to sustainable agricultural production. The present study aimed to isolate, characterize and select sugarcane rhizobacteria from six different varieties through principal components analysis. This study selected 167 bacterial strains with the ability to fix nitrogen, produce indolacetic acid, exhibit cellulolytic activity, and solubilize phosphate and potassium were isolated. Of these 167 bacterial strains, seven were selected by principal component analysis and identified as belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Bacillus and Achromobacter. Bacillus thuringiensis IP21 presented higher potential for nitrogen fixation and CaPO4 and AlPO4 solubilization and a lower potential for K solubilization in sugarcane. Enterobacter asburiae IP24 was efficient in indolacetic acid production and CaPO4 and FePO4 solubilization and inefficient for Araxá apatite solubilization.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"257 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133781101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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